How normal is the sleep time of a two-month-old baby?
Generally speaking, babies under 1 month need about 18-20 hours of sleep a day and night, and only about 3-4 hours are awake every day, which can be described as' sleeping after eating'.
Sleep 16- 18 hours every day for 2-3 months.
Sleep 15- 16 hours for 5-9 months.
More than one year old needs to sleep 14- 15 hours.
With the growth of age, the nervous system matures and the sleep time gradually decreases. The sleep time of 2-3 years old is 12- 13 hours.
The sleep time of 4-5 years old is reduced to 1 1- 12 hours, and gradually approaches to adults. Of course, there will be individual differences.
Five wrong ways to sleep.
Turn on the light and sleep
Do you turn on the light indoors all night for the convenience of feeding and changing diapers?
Hazard: the baby's ability to adjust to the surrounding environment is poor. If the lights are turned on indoors all night, it will change the natural law of human body adapting to day and night, affect the peak of growth hormone secretion at night and slow down the growth of height. Night light can also reduce melatonin secretion, and it is easy to wake up when sleeping. According to the survey, the incidence of myopia is as high as 40% for babies who often sleep with the lights on.
Correct approach
Try not to turn on the light at night When feeding or changing diapers, turn on the small light beside the bed and turn off the light immediately after finishing.
Sleep with nipples in your mouth.
Sleeping with a nipple, the baby will suck the nipple when he wakes up.
Hazard: This irregular eating pattern is likely to cause baby's gastrointestinal dysfunction and indigestion; Moreover, the baby's poor breathing leads to restless sleep and may even cause suffocation; Moreover, it will also affect the normal development of the baby's gums and is prone to tooth decay.
Correct approach
Don't let the baby sleep with the nipple, which will not only affect the baby's sleep, but also be unfavorable to the baby's oral hygiene and the growth and development of oral structure.
fall asleep
When the baby cries or sleeps restlessly, will you hold the baby in your arms or shake it in the cradle until the baby falls asleep?
Danger: the infant's immature brain will collide with the hard skull, leading to the rupture of small blood vessels and intracranial hemorrhage, resulting in "rocking baby syndrome". Babies are characterized by epilepsy, mental retardation, limb paralysis, amblyopia or blindness, which can cause brain edema and cerebral hernia and die in severe cases. This situation mostly happens to babies under 3 years old.
Correct approach
Let the baby pat his back to sleep and avoid hugging and shaking.
For a baby who doesn't want to sleep and cries, you can sit by his bed and hold his little hand until he falls asleep.
In a few days, you keep a certain distance from your baby so that he can see you, and then stay for a short time to let your baby get used to sleeping alone.
What is sleep?
From a professional point of view, sleep is a periodic rest state of higher vertebrates, which is autonomous and reversible. Specifically, when the body is stimulated by the outside world, the response will be slightly weaker than that in non-sleep state. And there will be a conscious pause. About one third of life is spent in sleep. When people fall asleep, both the brain and the body can have a rest and adjust and repair themselves. Proper sleep is very beneficial to daily work and study. Adopting the correct methods to improve the quality of sleep can ensure people to carry out their usual work and study.
The importance of sleep
1, infant sleep and growth
Just like charging a battery, a baby can replenish and restore tired physical strength during sleep. When the body is in sleep, the secretion of growth hormone closely related to growth and development reaches the maximum.
The secretion of growth hormone during sleep can reach 3 times or more than that in non-sleep state. Sleep can provide enough growth hormone for the body and promote the development and maturity of children's nervous system and brain, so that children can grow up healthily.
When children sleep, hormones that stimulate muscle growth and help muscle recovery will be secreted more. These growth hormones can help children to convert body fat into energy in muscles and make their bodies stronger. So sleep is very important for children's growth and healthy growth.
2. Infant sleep affects cognition.
During the baby's sleep, half of the time is spent in the process of sorting out, reorganizing and identifying the information received during the day. Some parents think that the child's eyes turn, which means that he will wake up soon. Parents should pay attention to their children's sleep quality, don't wake them up casually, and help them develop good sleep habits.
Studies show that if children don't get enough sleep, they can't concentrate completely. If you don't get enough sleep for a long time, your child is not interested in the outside world, which will also affect his mood and he can't adapt well before going to school.
3. Infant Sleep and Immune Resistance
When sleep is reduced or there is no sleep, the resistance of cells will be reduced, and the functions of immune cells, T cells and monocytes will also be weakened.
4, baby sleep and study
The research report points out that sleeping can not only restore energy, but also stimulate the brain, which is very important for learning. If you want to maintain cognitive ability and expand memory ability, you need sleep, and learning ability also needs memory ability as the foundation.
Baby's healthy sleep schedule
Different babies need different sleep time because of their age and environment. Some babies sleep for a long time at a time, some babies like to sleep for a while from time to time, and some babies work and rest regularly. When it comes to sleep and children, parents will have many questions. The most common question is: How long does the child need to rest? The following data are for reference.
The harm of insufficient sleep
Children themselves are vulnerable groups and have no good expression skills, so many problems must be paid attention to by parents. If children often lack sleep, it will be very harmful:
1, the influence becomes higher.
The factors that affect children's growth and development are not only genetic factors, nutrition, exercise and so on. It is also related to the amount of growth hormone. If the human body has fallen asleep, it will secrete more growth hormone. If children can get enough sleep every day, they can grow taller. However, if the child often lacks sleep, it will hinder the secretion of growth hormone and the height of the child will also be affected.
2, reduce the body's immunity
In the process of sleep, the body's immune ability can be enhanced, so if you often lack sleep, your child's physical resistance will be weakened, and symptoms such as loss of appetite and mental fatigue will appear.
3. Affect the creative thinking of the brain.
If children don't get enough sleep, then their attention can't be completely concentrated, and their memory and thinking ability will decline, which will affect their study.
4. Affect mental health
If children don't get enough sleep, they will suffer from depression, anxiety and nervousness, and even suffer from autism, which will affect their mental health.
According to children's physiological needs, primary school students should sleep nine to ten hours a day, and junior high school students should sleep eight to nine hours. Physical and mental health needs to be based on adequate sleep, and parents need to pay attention to it.
Common problems in baby's sleep
1, sleep on your head
Children's bones are loose and develop rapidly. If the child always likes to face one side when sleeping, the squeezed occipital bone will be squeezed and the child's head will be asymmetrical.
Corrective measures: For children under one year old, parents should pay attention to the position of his head when sleeping to balance the stress on both sides of the pillow. Children are used to facing their mothers when they sleep, and like to face their mothers when they drink milk. Therefore, mothers should always change their postures and don't let their children turn to a fixed direction. If the child is over one and a half years old, it is not easy to correct it.
2, black and white upside down
If the child sleeps all day long, and the sleep time is disordered, parents and children can't sleep well during the day and wake up at night. This is black and white upside down.
Corrective measures: let the baby move more during the day and take the baby out to play, so that the baby feels a little tired; Help your baby develop the habit of going to bed on time and create a comfortable environment. Try not to disturb the baby when he is sleeping.
3, grinding teeth
When some children sleep, their teeth will creak, indicating that the children are grinding their teeth. There are many reasons: mental stress, irregular diet and so on.
Corrective measures: find out the cause of the child's grinding teeth, and then take correct treatment measures: if there are parasites in the child's intestines, repel them as soon as possible; If the child suffers from rickets, it is necessary to supplement calcium and vitamin D, have a balanced diet, supplement the child with comprehensive and sufficient nutrition, and create a comfortable and harmonious living environment; Let children develop good eating habits; Go to the hospital to check the child's teeth, see if there are any problems, and remedy them in time.
4. Night sweats
"Night sweats" is an expression in Chinese medicine, which means that you will sweat a lot when you sleep, but not when you wake up. It is common for children to sweat easily when they sleep.
Corrective measures: Parents should find out the reason why children sweat too much. If sweating is only a physiological factor, then parents don't have to worry too much, just find out the reason and adjust their lifestyle. If the child sweats all night and there are other abnormal conditions, then parents should take the child to the hospital for examination, which may be rickets or tuberculosis.
Step 5 drool
If a child likes to sleep on his stomach or on his side, these postures will lead to drooling. If this phenomenon always occurs, it may be that the child has some kind of disease.
Corrective measures: the main factors that cause children's drooling are: unsanitary mouth, tooth deformity, neuromodulation disorder, drug factors and so on. Parents should judge the cause of their children's drooling and then take correct measures.
6. I was surprised at first sight
The child's nervous system function is not perfect, and the child will feel excited after being stimulated by the outside world. If the child encounters strong light, hears loud noise, feels vibration, or someone moves the child's body, the child will suddenly jump up.
Corrective measures: When the child is frightened, parents can gently touch the child and let the child calm down slowly.
7. Open your mouth and breathe
If the child breathes with his mouth open while sleeping, then the child may suffer from rhinitis, tonsil enlargement, hyperplasia and other diseases, resulting in a blocked nose and inability to breathe normally, so he has to breathe with his mouth open.
Corrective measures: If the child has formed a habit, parents can take the child to the hospital for treatment, or they can put a thick mask on the child, exposing only the nose. After a period of training, children can get rid of this habit
8, eat milk to sleep
Some parents like to give their children milk before going to bed in order to let them fall asleep as soon as possible, which leads to the fact that they can only drink milk to fall asleep, which has a bad influence on their children.
Corrective measures: Parents should correct their children's habits, slowly reduce the amount of breast-feeding before going to bed, and help their children get rid of the habit of drinking milk before going to bed.
9. Like to roll around
If the child likes to roll when sleeping, it may be because the child's bed is uncomfortable, or it may be because the child has too much fun during the day, or it may be because the child lacks calcium or parasites appear in the intestine.
Corrective measures: The common causes of children tumbling in bed are: uncomfortable in bed, too excited during the day, too full before going to bed, intestinal parasites, calcium deficiency or illness. Therefore, parents should find the reason and prescribe the right medicine.
How to cultivate good sleep habits
1, the meal time should be decided.
It is best for children to have dinner between 5: 30 and 6: 00, so that children can play for an hour after dinner. You can get ready for bed at 7: 30 and go to bed at 8: 00.
Because parents are busy at work and get off work late, they can't have dinner until around seven or eight when they get home, and children can't go to bed until 90 when they are accompanied by their parents, which will hinder their adaptation to kindergarten life.
Suggestion: feed the children first.
Parents who come home late had better not eat with their children. They can let children eat with nannies or elders first, so that children can form the habit of eating on time, and children can play for a while after eating. If children are used to eating late, they can eat dinner one hour in advance every week, so that after one month, children can be adjusted to sleep at 8:00-8:30. Parents should not force their children to rest, but must let them make their own schedules. In terms of time, parents should spend at least one month to let their children develop a regular and healthy schedule.
Step 2 avoid excitement before going to bed
After dinner, children can be allowed to do some quiet games or entertainment, such as reading books and listening to music. Don't let children exercise too hard, and don't show them some scary TV programs. In this case, your child will be very excited and the quality of sleep will decline.
Suggestion: Settle your child's mood in advance.
If the child is easily excited, parents should not do some activities that make the child excited in the afternoon, and don't scold or even beat the child because of some trivial things.
3. Create a good sleeping environment
If parents can do the following, they can create a better rest environment for their children:
① The air is fresh and the temperature is moderate: before going to bed, open the doors and windows of the room for ventilation for about 20 minutes. It should also be opened at noon, and it is best to open the transom at night to ensure air circulation. If the room has air conditioning, it's best to ventilate for twenty minutes. This room should be warm in winter and cool in summer.
2 Quiet environment and dim light: When the child sleeps, the lights in the room should not be too bright, and parents should not rub cards, sing K or engage in other noisy activities at home. Be sure to create a quiet environment for the child.
3 Prepare a small bed for your child: Parents should prepare a small bed for your child. The child can lie on his own bed and have his own pillow and quilt, so that the child will be more familiar with the bed and help develop good sleep habits. The child's bed can be placed in the corner, but it should be far away from the window, as far as possible in the sun, not too wet. Children under two years old are best to share a room with their parents; After the child is two years old, if possible, let the child sleep in his room.
Suggestion: Pay attention to the safety and hardness of the bed.
Railings should be installed around the bed, and the height of the railings can reach the child's chest, so that the child can't climb out or fall. The bed should not be too soft. If the bed is too soft, it will have a bad influence on the development of children's bones. Therefore, it is best to choose a hard bed, but you can also choose a wooden bed, a spring bed or a brown shed bed with certain elasticity.
4. Get ready before going to bed.
It is also important for children to know when to go to bed, and parents can guide their children appropriately.
A few months old child: Say something like "It's getting dark, we should have a rest" to the child before taking a break every day. At first, the child may be a little overwhelmed, but after a long time, he will know that it is time to go to bed when he hears this sentence.
(2) One-year-old or two-year-old children: let the children tidy up their toys while getting ready for bed. Parents can say to their children, "It's late now, and the toys need to rest. Let's hurry to sleep! " You can also cultivate children's awareness of sleeping by bathing and washing. You can tell your child to "have a rest after washing" and do actions at the same time. After a while, the child will understand.
5, hypnosis before going to bed
The following methods can help children fall asleep:
Play lullabies: Parents can play lullabies to their children before they go to bed, such as lullabies and other slow-paced songs.
2 Repeat the same words: Before going to bed every day, you can repeat to your child, "Bonnie and Xiaohua Mall are resting, and the baby is going to bed. Let's see who falls asleep first. "
3 Storytelling: You can tell your child a short story of no more than five minutes before going to bed. The story should not be too surprising and scary, otherwise it will make the child more excited. Children can be guided to sleep by telling stories about small animals sleeping.
Suggestion: Don't pile toys on the bed.
The bed is for rest, not for play. Parents should not put toys on their children's beds or let their children fall asleep with their dolls in their arms.
Children can say to him before going to bed: "Dear baby, close your eyes and go to sleep, we are asleep." This can also help children develop the habit of falling asleep automatically.
Step 6 look at the sleeping child
Sleep is very important for children under six years old. Sleeping can promote children's brain development and physical growth, but parents should not think that children can go when they are asleep. They also need to make their children feel safe. Attention should be paid to the following two points:
1 mom, don't leave right away: sleep is divided into shallow sleep and deep sleep. Children are easily awakened in the shallow sleep layer 20 minutes before going to sleep. Therefore, mothers should read books or knit sweaters near their children. Mothers can also tell their children before they go to bed: "Go to sleep, good boy, and mother will accompany you."
2 Don't wake the child: When the child has just fallen asleep or is still in a light sleep state, you can turn your body or hum. At this time, parents should not be nervous, talk to their children or pick him up. Don't wake the child unless the situation is serious. If parents wake up their children, they may not fall asleep easily.
Precautions for sleep safety
1, No matter whether the child is asleep or awake, don't smoke around the child. Children who smoke secondhand smoke are more likely to have apnea when they sleep, and may also have symptoms such as allergies and asthma.
2. The temperature of the room should be suitable for sleeping, preferably between 18 degrees Celsius and 22 degrees Celsius, so as not to make children feel too hot or too cold.
3, the quilt should not be too thick and too big, and the child is easily suffocated when wrapped in it. You can use heavy pajamas or blankets for children to make quilts. Pillows should be suitable for children over 18 months. It is recommended to choose a slightly harder pillow.
4. Wear fireproof or close-fitting pajamas for children, and don't wear cotton clothes that are too big and too loose for children. Wool clothes or cotton clothes burn easily in case of fire.
5. Children's beds should not be too soft. For example, water beds and feather beds are unqualified. Children should sleep on a relatively flat and solid mattress, but also spread smooth sheets that are not easy to move and wrinkle.
6. Children should stay away from night lights, electric lights and other electrical appliances when sleeping.
7. Make sure that there are no curtains, ropes and other items around the child's bed.
8, regular physical examination, if the child is unwell, you need to seek medical advice in time.
9. Don't shake or beat children. Some parents take their children out because they can't sleep. If you want to lose your temper, put the child in a safe place, or let someone else look after the child and go out to calm down.
10. Never buckle the nipple on the child's mouth with a ribbon or string to avoid accidental injury.
1 1. If the child does not sleep at home, but stays in the child seat, stroller or other places, then it is necessary to ensure the safety of the child as much as possible.
12. Don't put your child in a cradle, stroller or other places without care.
13, don't let pets near sleeping children, even preschool children should pay attention.
14, parents should learn how to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation, so that all people who may take care of their children can learn it.
15. If the child is in kindergarten, or is taken care of by a nanny, grandparents, etc. , must ensure the safety of the environment.
16, ensure the children's surrounding environment is clean and tidy, change sheets frequently, wash hands frequently before washing diapers or preparing food, and help children wash their faces and hands.
17 to ensure parents' own health.