Vitiligo is a skin disease with melanin loss. The main manifestations are the decrease, disappearance or low function of melanocytes in skin lesions, which are obviously different from the normal skin color around them, and are common around the back of fingers, wrists, forearms, face, neck and genitals.
1. Hormone therapy
(1) Systemic therapy is mainly suitable for patients with generalized advanced vitiligo. Oral or intramuscular injection of hormones can stabilize advanced vitiligo as soon as possible.
(2) Local topical glucocorticoid is effective in the treatment of localized vitiligo, but attention should be paid to the adverse reactions caused by long-term topical glucocorticoid. The commonly used drugs in clinic are halometasone ointment and mometasone furoate cream.
2. Phototherapy and Photochemical Therapy
(1) Narrow-wave ultraviolet (NB-UVB) phototherapy is effective in the treatment of localized or generalized vitiligo.
(2) Photochemical therapy (PUVA) is a good treatment choice for localized vitiligo, which can be used by adults and children over 5 years old.
3. Transplantation therapy
It is suitable for patients with stable period, less skin lesions and no scar constitution. Commonly used methods include autologous epidermal transplantation, microparticle skin transplantation and autologous cultured melanocyte transplantation.
4. Immunosuppressants
Topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus) have a certain effect on the parts that are not suitable for hormone use, or avoid the adverse reactions caused by long-term use of hormones.
5. vitamin D3 derivatives
Vitamin D3 derivatives can be used in combination with NB-UVB, PUVA, etc., and can also be used in combination with external hormones and calcineurin inhibitors.