1 Establish a correct concept of health education
Health education is an integral part of nursing activities. Health education is not the extra work of nurses, but one of the contents of nursing, and it is also one of the very important contents. Many nursing goals are achieved through health education, such as improving patients' adaptability, reducing anxiety, restoring limb function, establishing self-behavior ability and reducing complications. In addition, some health education contents are designed according to the needs of nursing work [2]. Because the content of health education needs to be targeted, nurses need to find out nursing problems from the collected nursing materials and determine the content of health education according to these problems, so that patients can obtain high-quality care through health education and improve their satisfaction. For example, in the treatment of a cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy, besides preventing infection, maintaining the balance of body fluids and electrolytes, and providing proper nutrition, we should also pay attention to maintaining the patient's emotional stability and good self-image, which is particularly important for female patients. Therefore, in the health education before chemotherapy, in addition to telling patients what may happen after chemotherapy, such as hair loss is the most common symptom, even eyelashes and eyebrows will fall off, nurses will take some measures, such as using ice caps to reduce hair loss, and should also teach patients how to wear wigs and how to cover up some physical defects with scarves, hats and eyebrows. Therefore, health education and nursing work are inseparable. The combination of health education and clinical nursing has long been an important mode of modern nursing. On 1998, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences took the lead in setting up the "Health Education Service Department" in China, which not only provided powerful help and support for clinical holistic nursing, but also improved nurses' health education skills, improved the social image of the hospital and embodied the hospital's modern service consciousness [3].
1.2 The concepts of health education and health education are different. From health education to health education, the working mode changes. Health education only uses general propaganda techniques and means to spread health knowledge and related disease knowledge. Our government has always attached importance to the health level of the whole people, set up various activity days, held large-scale popular science activities, publicized and popularized health knowledge, and raised the health awareness of the whole people. In these activities, nurses only assume the roles of participants and communicators. Therefore, nurses are not required to have theoretical knowledge and operational skills. However, nursing health education is not. It is a multi-disciplinary specialty, which requires nurses not only to have basic medical knowledge, but also to master the knowledge of psychology, society, behavior and education, so as to make a comprehensive evaluation of patients' situation and communicate effectively. Especially in health education activities, according to health education procedures, they have to assume various roles such as disseminators, planners and evaluators. They should give health education to patients. Because the ultimate goal of health education is to enable patients to establish healthy behaviors, the operating system should also be changed from simple knowledge instillation to a scientific working system that operates according to educational procedures.
2 Nursing health education plan and nursing plan complement each other and are inseparable.
2. 1 nursing program 100 years of nursing development history has proved that nursing program is an effective means for clinical nurses to enhance their professional roles. Therefore, learning, researching and applying nursing procedures has always been the development direction of modern nursing. The degree and scope of acceptance, understanding and practice of nursing procedures in different countries determine the development level of nursing in different countries. Whether nursing procedure becomes the basis of nursing practice is a sign to measure the difference between professional nursing and non-professional nursing in a country. Since the introduction of systematic holistic nursing in China in the early 1990s, it has been emphasized that under the guidance of new nursing concepts, nursing procedures are the core, and systematic working methods are applied to all aspects of nursing clinical business and nursing management, which shows that nursing procedures have been established as the basis of nursing practice in China and will make nursing in China have a series of professional characteristics [4].
2.2 Health Education Plan 1986 The Public Health Education Organization of the American Public Health Association put forward a five-step model of patient education: ① establish the educational needs of patients and their families; (2) Establish the educational goals of patients and their families; ③ Choose the educational method; (4) implementing the education plan; ⑤ Evaluate the educational effect. According to this model, the current educational procedures in China are as follows: ① Evaluation: including patients' learning needs, learning preparation, learning attitude, learning ability, psychological status, social and cultural background, etc. (2) Diagnosis: make clear the educational objectives, such as admission, hospitalization, operation, discharge, special examination and other educational objectives at different stages, and also include the learning objectives set together with patients, namely, cognitive objectives, emotional objectives and skill objectives; ③ Planning: Teaching plans should be made according to the teaching objectives of patients in different periods, including specific educational contents, methods and effects. ④ Implementation: The implementation of the education plan should emphasize the interaction between training and learning, that is, how nurses teach and how patients learn, and use comprehensive educational means and tools to eliminate all factors that affect patients' learning as much as possible; ⑤ Evaluation: Observation, questioning method, questionnaire and other evaluation methods can be used to evaluate whether the patients' learning needs are met, whether the teaching methods are appropriate, whether the teaching objectives are achieved, whether the patients know, believe and practice, and nurses also need to conduct self-evaluation to evaluate their ability to comprehensively use nursing procedures for health education [2].
2.3 The relationship between health education project and nursing project Health education project is an integral part of nursing project, and they complement each other and are inseparable. The similarity between them is that they both use scientific thinking methods and working methods to solve health problems for patients, but the nursing procedure focuses on solving patients' reactions to health problems; The health education plan focuses on mobilizing the potential of patients to maintain their own health and encouraging patients to actively participate in the process of promoting rehabilitation [2]. No matter what kind of program, each stage is not completely separated, but a natural continuous transition. In clinic, only by combining health education plan with nursing plan can we ensure the continuous improvement of nursing quality. The experience of Fu and other comrades in Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army in improving the effect of health education for patients with hematological diseases fully illustrates this point [5].
3. Health education has the characteristics of whole process.
3. 1 Health education should run through the whole process of human life. Guo Ziheng, president of China Health Education Association, once said: For a person, health guidance and health education are needed from birth to death. According to physiological age, health education should run through all stages of a person's life, and each stage has its key contents. For example, besides dietary guidance and prevention of common diseases and accidental injuries, the content of infant health education should also focus on early education, and teach parents some methods to cultivate their children's good brain development, such as caring for their children, including touching them with gentle movements, encouraging and listening to their words, developing their intelligence and cultivating their emotional connection by using music and mathematical operations, and especially setting a good example for them. The key contents of school-age children are to strengthen safety education, prevent accidental injuries, pay attention to hygiene, protect teeth, strengthen nutrition and prepare for adolescence. The key content of adolescence is psychological and behavioral problems and sexual knowledge, such as cultivating teenagers' psychological endurance and reducing runaway and suicide. In particular, they should be warned not to have sex, especially not to get pregnant, because of the psychological and economic conditions of teenagers. Middle age focuses on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as quitting smoking, not drinking alcohol, reducing stress and tension, exercising properly, maintaining weight through a reasonable diet, and preventing chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. At present, China has entered an aging society, and how to improve the quality of life of the elderly is a very serious social problem. Therefore, strengthening the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the elderly, advocating reasonable nutritious diet and physical activities suitable for the elderly, and establishing and improving various measures to ensure the safety of the elderly have become the main contents of nursing health education.
3.2 Clinical health education should run through the whole process of patients' hospitalization, from admission to discharge, which is inseparable from nursing. Therefore, health education should run through the whole process of nursing work and penetrate into every specific nursing behavior. The form of health education can be formal, that is, it is carried out systematically according to patients' needs and education plans. Since 1997, the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital has gradually established a whole-course health education system for diabetic patients, which has been welcomed and supported by patients and their families [6]. However, you can also choose an informal way, that is, you don't deliberately arrange time, but anytime and anywhere. For example, you can give dietary guidance when helping patients eat; Basic nursing can explain the significance of good hygiene habits; When preparing skin before operation, we can introduce the points for attention and cooperation before and after operation, especially the prevention of complications such as postoperative pain and incision infection. In other words, you can use every opportunity to get in touch with patients and master them flexibly according to time, people and things. This not only reflects the considerate love of nurses, but also reflects the rich professional knowledge and superb technology of nurses, thus improving the social status of nursing staff. Of course, if the hospital has the conditions, it can set up special health education nurses, which is more conducive to the development of health education. Some hospitals in America have diabetes health education nurses, breast cancer health education nurses, pain health education nurses and so on. With the development of health education and the rational allocation of nursing human resources in China, hospitals in China will be able to do this in the near future.
3.3 Health education of patients after discharge cannot be ignored. Some patients, especially some cancer patients, neuropsychiatric patients, patients with limb paralysis and patients who need to do some treatment and special technical operation repeatedly for a long time, including their families, should be the targets of nursing health education after discharge. Health education after discharge can introduce the progress of diagnosis and treatment, medication knowledge, nursing operation technology and methods to promote rehabilitation. Through telephone consultation, patient-friend exchange meeting, special lectures, giving relevant materials and other ways to publicize patients and their families, so that patients can continue to receive health education after discharge, control the development of diseases and improve their quality of life; At the same time, it can also close the doctor-patient relationship and strive for greater social and economic benefits for the hospital.