Daily management of pig farms

Daily management of pig farms: the health of pigs is the key to the success or failure of pig farms. As pig farm managers and veterinary technicians, we should put the idea of "prevention is more important than treatment" in the first place. 1. Daily preventive measures (1) The purpose of quarantine is to prevent and control animal infectious diseases and parasitic diseases and protect animal husbandry production and people's health. China has formulated relevant quarantine laws and regulations to ensure the normal development of animal quarantine. ① Domestic livestock circulation quarantine: mainly including quarantine of origin, market quarantine and transportation quarantine. Quarantine of origin: it is to quarantine the livestock and poultry that are about to be sold, purchased and shipped out of the livestock and poultry origin. Market quarantine: it mainly quarantines livestock and poultry raised and sold by farmers in rural markets, which is generally carried out by market veterinarians or township veterinarians. Transportation quarantine: livestock and poultry and their products must undergo veterinary quarantine before shipment, and can only be shipped after passing the inspection. Entry-exit quarantine: all kinds of livestock and poultry imported from abroad, even including animal genetic materials such as embryos, semen and fertilized eggs, and livestock and poultry products need to be quarantined. Entry-exit quarantine is generally carried out by the relevant port animal quarantine departments of the state. (2) Vaccination means to vaccinate pigs purposefully and in a planned way to prevent the occurrence and prevalence of some infectious diseases, so as to nip in the bud. Before vaccination, we should pay attention to several problems: First, we should understand the recent occurrence and epidemic situation of various infectious diseases in the local area, and make vaccination plans according to the information we have. If there is an epidemic, first arrange emergency prevention for specific diseases, and then arrange other vaccinations after stabilization; Secondly, the vaccinated pigs should be examined in detail, especially the health status, because the immune response of pigs with different health levels is different after vaccination, so the health status of pigs should be adjusted to the best state; Three, the vaccine should be tested bottle by bottle, and the vaccine without bottle label, improper storage and failure should not be used. The usage and dosage of vaccine should be strictly in accordance with the instructions; Fourth, prepare enough instruments and disinfectants and organize personnel. Some vaccines can produce local or systemic reactions to pigs after vaccination. Generally speaking, this is not an abnormal phenomenon, because biological agents are foreign bodies to the body, and there is always a reaction process after vaccination, but there should be no adverse reactions or serious reactions. If there is a violent reaction, it is necessary to find out the reason, whether there is a problem with the quality of the vaccine or the amount of inoculation is too large, or whether the inoculation technology and methods are improper. There are many factors that affect the immune effect, which are not only related to the type and nature of vaccine, inoculation route, transportation and preservation, but also related to the age, physical condition, feeding management and other factors of pigs, and also related to the original antibodies in vivo such as maternal antibodies. So pay attention to vaccination. (3) Drug prevention Drug prevention is to prevent or reduce the occurrence of infectious or parasitic diseases. Antibiotics (such as penicillin, streptomycin and oxytetracycline) are commonly used in pig farms. ) and various sulfonamides (sulfanilamide chewing temperature, sulfanilamide cough temperature, etc. ). In addition, nitro-zhinan drugs (zhinan ketone, zhinan penicillin, etc. ) and various anthelmintics (pyranone, thiophanate, anthelmintics, etc. ). In veterinary control technology, some infectious diseases or parasitic diseases are sensitive to certain drugs and have good curative effects (such as erysipelas sensitive to penicillin and toxoplasmosis sensitive to sulfanilamide), but it is undoubtedly a new way to consider group prevention and treatment as a whole. In veterinary control, attention should be paid to the use of antibacterial synergists, which can enhance the curative effect when combined with sulfonamides, and can play a synergistic role when combined with some antibiotics (such as tetracycline and gentamicin). At present, the most commonly used antibacterial synergists are trimethoprim and dimethoxy methoxyxime (also known as Dijunjing). Drug control is mainly aimed at bacterial and parasitic diseases (including anthelmintics). Veterinarians in pig farms should choose drugs according to the actual quarantine and diagnosis of pig farms in order to achieve the best control effect. (4) Disinfection, disinfestation and deratization ① Disinfection: Disinfection is an important measure to eliminate the source of infection and ensure the health of pigs, and any pig farm should pay attention to it. Usually can be divided into preventive disinfection and epidemic disinfection, the former refers to the disinfection of livestock houses, appliances, venues, drinking water, etc. When there is no infectious disease; The latter is to thoroughly disinfect the polluted environment, livestock houses, feed, drinking water, utensils, venues and other items to control the spread of pathogens during and after infectious diseases. Disinfection can be carried out in the following two steps: the first step is mechanical cleaning, and the second step is disinfection with chemical disinfectant. Mechanical cleaning is to improve the sanitation of the barn by cleaning, washing and washing. This method can greatly reduce the microbial pollution in the barn. Disinfection with chemicals after cleaning and washing can improve the disinfection effect and achieve the expected disinfection purpose. At present, there are many disinfectants on the market, which should be selected according to different environmental conditions and requirements. Different disinfectants can also be used alternately to avoid using the same disinfectant for a long time. (2) Pesticides: First, do a good job of killing mosquitoes and flies, and use pesticides such as trichlorfon, dichlorvos and fenthion. ③ Rodent control: First of all, we should pay attention to the rodent control requirements in livestock houses, feed depots and other places. Especially in the storage of feed, rats should be prevented from entering and leaving. (5) Improve the veterinary management system, which is the guarantee for maintaining the health of pigs. ① Establish a regular disinfection system: firstly, set a cement disinfection pool at the entrance of the pig farm, which is longer than the car wheel 1.5 weeks; There should be dressing room, disinfection room and disinfection pool at the entrance of the production area. Change clothes, shoes and disinfection after entering the site. Non-staff should try to avoid entering pig farms. Second, the pig-raising system should be adopted as far as possible. After a batch of pigs are transferred out, the pigsty should be thoroughly disinfected and left idle for 1 week before entering the pig. Third, breeding pigs do not need to be transferred. Choose a disinfectant that is harmless to people and livestock, and spray and disinfect pigs. Piglets should pay attention to keep warm at this time. Fourth, the pigsty should be well ventilated, cleaned every day and disinfected regularly. ② Establishment of epidemic disease monitoring system: First, establishment of veterinary diagnosis room in qualified pig farms to facilitate the monitoring of infectious and parasitic diseases. Second, try to be self-reliant and self-reliant. Pigs imported from other places should be strictly quarantined. It should be kept in an isolated pig house for at least 3 weeks, and it can be included in the production group only after it is confirmed that there is no disease. Third, patrol the pigsty every morning and evening. If abnormal pigs are found, they should be picked out and sent to the isolation room for observation, diagnosis and treatment. Just ask the assistant to check the dead pig and make a definite diagnosis. Fourth, establish detailed records of disease examination, secondary examination, diagnosis, treatment and treatment to understand the epidemic situation. (3) Establish a feasible immunization and deworming system: First of all, the formulation of immunization procedures and deworming plans in pig farms should conform to the actual situation of pig farms, and the epidemic situation in society, especially in neighboring areas, should also be considered. Second, immune monitoring should be done before and after immunization to determine the timing of immunization and observe the immune effect. Third, drug prevention should be adapted to local conditions and feed additives should be used correctly. Fourth, strictly handle the body. If dead pigs are found, they should be sent to the autopsy room for dissection and timely diagnosis, and then the bodies should be burned or buried deeply. Fifth, when infectious diseases occur in pig farms, measures such as quarantine, isolation, sealing and disinfection should be taken according to the nature of infectious diseases to control and extinguish the epidemic in time and reduce economic losses. 2. Quarantine measures (1) When pigs have infectious diseases, they should make a diagnosis as soon as possible, make clear the nature of the infectious diseases and take isolation measures immediately. Once the pathogenicity is determined, pigs that are supposed to be healthy can be vaccinated urgently. Isolated pigs should be raised by special personnel, with special equipment, and personnel should not visit each other. According to the incubation period of this infectious disease, after a certain period of observation, isolation can be lifted after disinfection. (2) Blockade In the event of the occurrence and prevalence of some virulent infectious diseases, it should immediately report to the local government authorities, delimit the epidemic areas and block them. The blockade should be carried out according to the epidemic situation and epidemic law and the principle of "early, fast, strict and small". Blockade is to take corresponding measures against the source of infection, transmission route and susceptible fauna. (3) Emergency Prevention Once an infectious disease occurs, after finding out the nature of the epidemic situation, in addition to quarantine, isolation, blockade and disinfection according to the principles of infectious disease control, suspected sick pigs and assumed healthy pigs can be given emergency vaccination. Vaccination can use vaccines and antiserum. (4) Eliminating sick animals is also one of the important measures to control and extinguish the epidemic.