First, the reasons why community health education can not be responded and recognized by community residents
1. The community health service institutions have not worked out a set of feasible work plans and implementation plans, which can not solve the actual health problems of residents, and residents can not get benefits, and it is difficult to reach the recognition of residents.
2. The content of health education is not popular enough, and there are too many terms used, which residents can't understand or understand and can't remember.
3. The methods and forms of health education are too mechanical, not vivid enough, and only stay in theoretical explanation, lacking persuasiveness and appeal.
4. The residents' participation is too little, and they are not really aware of the benefits of participating in health education activities. The key point is that we didn't do a good job in propaganda and mobilization, and we didn't use the three best mobilization means of "outpatient appointment, telephone appointment and door-to-door appointment"; The content of health education is not right, the actual health problems of residents such as hypertension and diabetes have not been solved, and the control rate has not been significantly improved.
5. General practitioners lack communication skills, health education skills and related professional knowledge with residents.
To do all this well, it is imperative to "make clear the goal and select the right target", that is, the key is to choose the health lecture content close to the "needs" of residents, such as hypertension, diabetes, health preservation and other health issues that the elderly residents in the community are most concerned about, and to arouse the voices of residents on key issues.
Second, the purpose of developing community health education
1. To carry out health education activities, the purpose is to arouse and guide community residents to establish health awareness, care about their own, family and community health problems, actively participate in community health education, develop a healthy lifestyle, and improve their self-care ability and group health level.
2. Change the health concept of community residents. The health concept of community residents is often: first, they can't help getting sick, they can't help buying some medicine, they can't help seeing a doctor if they can't eat well, and they can't help going to a big hospital to see a doctor. Prevention is useless and they don't want to spend money to protect their health. If the health concept of community residents is not completely changed, the development of community health service will lack the mass base and lose its significance.
3. Popularize self-care knowledge. Lack of health care knowledge is an important reason for community residents to get sick or have accidents. It is necessary to publicize and popularize self-care knowledge through various channels, so that residents can understand some basic health care knowledge and improve their self-care ability.
4. Encourage community residents to be responsible for their own health and change bad behaviors and living habits. Through physical and mental encouragement, community residents can deeply understand the harm of bad behaviors and living habits, consciously change their bad behaviors and living habits, and promote the health of community residents.
5. Carry out various health education and health promotion activities in the community to enrich the life of community residents and create a healthy community environment and community awareness.
Third, the steps to carry out community health education
Understand the needs and requirements of community residents for health education, analyze the main causes of various diseases and the possibility and effectiveness of intervention through health education, and analyze and rank the objective needs of health education according to the principles of universality, seriousness, urgency, effectiveness, acceptability and economy. Pay attention to close to real life, close to the masses, and list the diseases that need priority in health education and their corresponding risk factors or reasons, which must meet the following conditions:
1, universality-The incidence rate of these diseases (incidence rate, incidence rate and medical treatment rate) is high among community residents, involving more people. For example, the incidence of hypertension ranks first among chronic diseases in the community, and diabetes ranks second, so it is universal, so it is the focus of our health education.
Severity-these diseases seriously affect the health, life and quality of life of residents, bring serious pain and threat to residents, and make residents bear serious mental stress and heavy economic burden. For example, cerebrovascular diseases have a serious tendency to lead to high disability rate and high mortality rate, which is why we must pay attention to health education in the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.
Urgency-most residents related to these diseases are eager to know the relevant knowledge, take effective measures, participate in the management of chronic diseases in the community, master the necessary knowledge of prevention and treatment, and are also willing to do some relevant examinations and make appropriate diagnosis and treatment. For example, as China's population enters the aging stage, hypertension and diabetes tend to be high and young, and residents suffer from the lack of health care knowledge, so it is very urgent to carry out health education with the theme of preventing and treating hypertension and diabetes in the community.
The classified query of periodical articles is in the periodical database.
Intervention-These diseases are related to residents' subjective factors and behavioral factors (lifestyle). Health education and behavioral intervention can reduce the incidence or risk of these problems, or reduce the possibility of illness. For example, low-salt and low-fat diet, happy mood, weight loss, moderate exercise and other health education can reduce the incidence of hypertension and diabetes.
Effectiveness-We can find effective means of education and intervention. Through education and intervention, community residents can change their ideas, understand the necessary knowledge, master the necessary skills, change the unhealthy lifestyle, objectively evaluate the effect, and strengthen their confidence in participating in health education. If health education is carried out, so that residents can understand and master the common sense of prevention and treatment of hypertension and diabetes, guide the selection of drugs and standardize the measurement, the control rate will definitely be improved obviously. Residents see the curative effect and get benefits, so they actively participate in the management of chronic diseases in the community and form a benign interaction.
Acceptability-The contents, methods, approaches and forms of health education are acceptable to community residents, who also have the ability and resources to take relevant measures, including time, energy, physical strength, funds, feelings and family support. To carry out health education, we must first make a good plan, the content should be simple and practical, and the related services should be offered as free as possible. For example, for residents who have already participated in the management of chronic diseases, it is easy to mobilize their enthusiasm for participation by taking preferential measures such as blood sugar examination and free physical examination.
2. Make an in-depth analysis of the selected diseases. Health education mainly focuses on the concept, knowledge, compliance behavior and environmental factors of community residents. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the main diseases of community residents (such as hypertension and diabetes) and the problems that residents are most concerned about (such as how to solve the problems of difficult, expensive and inconvenient medical treatment, and effectively control hypertension and diabetes. ), and carry out health education from different levels and angles, and formulate relevant measures.
3. Effect and benefit evaluation. To put it simply, we only need to observe whether the number of people attending the "Health Education Lecture Hall" held regularly every month has increased (residents think it is beneficial to take the initiative to participate), whether the participants are ready to respond by phone (residents trust you to respond positively), whether blood pressure and blood sugar are measured actively (residents improve their health awareness and take the initiative to pay attention to their own health), and whether the control rate of chronic diseases has really improved (reflecting the effectiveness of health education), etc., and the economic and social benefits are clear at a glance.
Fourthly, the strategy of community health education.
1, do a good job in propaganda and mobilization.
Theoretically speaking, community residents should fully realize that health is the most precious wealth in life. Everyone should master the knowledge and methods of self-care, be responsible for their own health, make reasonable investments for their own health, and receive health education as the most basic way to maintain and promote health. Our practical approach is to mobilize community residents by "face-to-face", telephone and on-site appointment as the main means; Take service stations, streets and neighborhood committees as helpers, grasping hands and platforms, because they know and are familiar with all aspects of residents best; Carry out free clinics in service stations or communities in advance, supplemented by publicity banners, posters and promotional materials; Carrying out many activities such as free physical examination and blood sugar check all the year round plays a great role in increasing the number of chronic disease managers and collecting inspection data; What we do is to let residents know, recognize and participate.
2. Seriously study the contents of health education.
First, it should be combined with the actual situation of this community, which is indeed the urgent need or focus of attention or disease of residents; Second, it is necessary to popularize science, use language that residents can understand, use metaphors as much as possible, and visualize as much as possible. For example, let residents understand the dangers of hypertension, long-term blood pressure can not be effectively controlled, which is easy to lead to cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral hemorrhage and other rupture, which is well understood. The third is to teach more formulas, summarize the essence, catchy, remember to use, and the more you think about it, the more reasonable it is, such as the four cornerstones of health: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance; Fifth, use more data, evidence and basis, use more intuitive pictures and graphics, impress people with facts, and attract people with effects and benefits; Sixth, distribute more health education prescriptions and prize-winning questionnaires; Seventh, carry out special health education in combination with various festivals, such as the Double Ninth Festival, No Tobacco Day and Women's Day on March 8th.
3. Adopt lively methods.
Say what? Talk about what the masses are willing to listen to (beneficial eating, drinking and having fun) and what they are most concerned about (how to effectively control hypertension and diabetes); How can I put it? Speak the language they understand (metaphor, hands-on, activities). First, the speech is full of emotion. A good speech can directly impress people. General practitioners should undergo special speech training, or they can hire experienced old experts and professors to lay a solid foundation for the management of chronic diseases in the community. Second, establish a lively publicity column, carefully design the content of the publicity column, mainly cartoons, schematic diagrams and photos, supplemented by short text descriptions; The third is to make the publicity materials into fine products, so that residents can't put them down, and the content is applicable, concise and easy to remember. For example, the last "suggestion" part of our health education prescription is briefly summarized in about 20 words; Fourth, there is a deep understanding of the presentation, organizing typical cases in the community, in addition to letting the parties talk about their own experiences and feelings, they can also discuss and exchange experiences with each other, and finally the health education teacher will comment; Fifth, colorful health education and health promotion activities. For example, activities such as the selection of health education activists, the exchange of experience in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and diabetes, the application of acupoint to quit smoking, and the award-winning health questionnaire were carried out in the community.
4. Combination of group health education and individual health consultation.
Although community health education is mainly aimed at special people, everyone has their own special circumstances. Therefore, when carrying out community health education, we must understand the specific situation of each object separately, and it is best to conduct a comprehensive health assessment for everyone, and establish a personal health file for individual counseling.
In a word, health education is a long-term and meticulous work, and it is also the basis of many other public health services. Therefore, in order to ensure that this work is done well, as a member of the film doctor team, we must become community practical talents who are "the heart of a loving mother, the brain of an old expert, the mouth of a neighborhood committee director and the leg of an old lady", serve the community and grow up in the community. It is also important to establish part-time teams and permanent teams. Therefore, long-term and annual planning of health education must be done well, so that health education can really play its role and improve residents' health awareness and ability to prevent and treat diseases.