Patients with hypertension should pay attention to the following points in their daily diet:
In order to limit the intake of salt, it should be gradually reduced to less than 6 grams per day. After the rubber pad is removed from the ordinary beer lid, the salt of a flat lid is about 6 grams. The amount of salt mentioned here includes the total amount of sodium converted into salt in edible salt and other foods.
Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits and increase the intake of calcium-rich foods. Common foods with high calcium content include fresh milk, beans and their products, so it is advisable to eat more fresh dark green vegetables, kelp and fungus. Eat no less than 8 Liang of fresh vegetables and 2 to 4 Liang of fruits every day.
Control and reduce the intake of fat and total calories, and appropriately increase the intake of high-quality protein. Choose animal foods such as fish, poultry and lean meat, eat more soy products, and control and reduce fat intake.
Patients with hyperlipidemia should pay attention to "one balance" and "five principles" in their diet.
Balanced diet: With hyperlipidemia, many people are completely vegetarian and partial to food, which is a misunderstanding and very harmful to their health. We should get all kinds of nutrients from our diet in a proper proportion. If you don't eat more than 20 kinds of food in two weeks, there is something wrong with your diet.
Five principles: low calorie, low cholesterol, low fat, low sugar and high fiber diet.
Low calorie: control the amount of food to achieve and maintain the ideal weight. The so-called ideal weight is usually expressed by "body mass index". Its calculation formula is: body mass index weight (kg)/ height (m) 2, and its ideal value is 22. Weight over 65438+ 00% of ideal weight means overweight, and weight over 20% of ideal weight means obesity. For obese patients with hyperlipidemia, it is usually appropriate to lose 0.5- 1 kg per week.
Low cholesterol: the total daily intake should be less than 300 mg. Cholesterol exists only in animal foods, and there is no cholesterol in plant foods. Cholesterol content of various meats (including chicken, duck, fish, pig, cow, sheep, etc.). ): The average cholesterol content is about 20-30mg per pair.
Low-fat: Foods with as little satiety and fatty acids as possible, including animal foods (fat, whole milk, cream, lard, butter, fat sausage, breast and skin) and some plant foods (roasted ghee, coconut oil, coconut oil and palm oil). Edible oil should be oil with more unsaturated fatty acids, such as soybean, rice oil, corn oil, safflower seed oil, sunflower seed oil, vegetable oil, olive oil, peanut oil, mustard oil and bitter tea oil. In addition, fish and beans have less saturated fatty acids, so we can consider replacing other meats as the source of protein. Do not eat or eat as little as possible high-oil snacks (cashews, peanuts, melon seeds, cakes, cakes, Chinese cakes, chocolates, ice cream).
High-fiber foods: such as fruits, beans, oats, watercress, fungus, kelp, laver, mushrooms, melons, beans and vegetable stalks.
Restrict drinking and smoking. Patients with hypertension had better not drink alcohol. If they want to drink, the daily consumption of liquor should not exceed 1 2. Smoking is also a bad habit of patients with hypertension. Quitting smoking is beneficial to stabilize blood pressure and relieve symptoms.
Improving the diet structure should be adjusted according to everyone's actual situation, and it can't be the same. Improving the diet structure is not achieved overnight. Patients with hypertension should overcome difficulties and gradually make their diet more reasonable.
Attention should be paid to the daily diet of cerebral thrombosis:
(1) Limit fat intake. Reduce the total amount of fat and animal fat in the daily diet. When cooking, use vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, peanut oil and corn oil, and limit the cholesterol in the diet to below 300 mg per day, which is equivalent to eating 3 egg yolks per week.
(2) Controlling Total Calories If you control the intake of total fat in your diet, your blood lipids will drop.
(3) Increase protein appropriately. Due to the decrease of fat in diet, protein should be increased appropriately. It can be provided by lean meat and skinless poultry. You can eat more fish, especially marine fish, and eat a certain amount of bean products every day, such as tofu and dried beans, which is conducive to lowering blood cholesterol and blood viscosity.
(4) Limit the intake of refined sugar and sugary sweets, including snacks, sweets and drinks.
(5) Patients with cerebral thrombosis need less salt, so they should adopt a low-salt diet, 3 grams of salt every day, add salt after cooking and mix well.
(6) Pay attention to cooking materials In order to increase appetite, you can add some vinegar, tomato sauce and sesame sauce when cooking. Vinegar can not only flavor, but also accelerate the dissolution of fat and promote digestion and absorption. Sesame paste contains high calcium content, which can be supplemented by regular consumption and is beneficial to prevent cerebral hemorrhage.
(7) Patients with cerebral thrombosis should always drink water, especially in the morning and evening, which can dilute blood and prevent thrombosis.