It can be seen from bathing that the Song Dynasty opened what many historians consider to be "the precedent of modern life customs". The quotation of Ji Dian, a quasi-Song edition, once wrote: Before dawn, the city was still asleep, and the baths had been opened to welcome guests to take a bath. This custom has continued to modern times, and there are couplets on the powder walls at the entrance of many bathhouses, which is a reflection of this custom. Jane Yizhi by Hong Mai: Most houses built by people have rooms with bathrooms. In the analysis of the golden branch in the Yuan Dynasty, there was a scholar's home. "If a woman is hired tomorrow, the family will send her daughter to the hall to take a bath." In the man's house, "all the soup money is scattered." It can be seen that bathing has been integrated into marriage customs and etiquette. Shower devices also appeared in the Song Dynasty. "Dream of China in Tokyo" records that Manjusri and Pu Xian are riding lions and white elephants on Lantern Hill tied to Imperial Street in Tokyo. They "put their fingers out of the water five times, shook their hands, screwed up the top of Shuideng Mountain with a hoist, stored it in a wooden cabinet, and put it down again and again, like a waterfall". Based on this, it is speculated that according to the mechanical production level at that time, similar wringing, water storage and drainage appliances can be installed in the bath. In Liangshui Temple painted by Song Li in the Southern Song Dynasty, there is an artificial waterfall device controlled by a sluice. According to this principle, it can be transformed into shower equipment. Copper leakage timing in Yuan Dynasty is a device that clearly reflects the appearance of shower. What is worth mentioning is the palace bath recorded in Tao's Ye Ting in Yuanshi County. The bathroom in the palace is carved with stone, with exotic flowers and plants and many leaves. Covered with Ziyun Kowloon canopy, surrounded by Shu brocade, it spans the pool. On the bridge, the brocade is a pavilion, the middle plaque is a phoenix, the left plaque is a sunset, the right plaque is a cloud, and the three plaques are opposite. There is also a cross bridge over the three pavilions leading to the future. When the imperial concubine takes a bath, she rides on animal toys such as Wen Yusao, Bai Jinglu and Hongshima. Put it in the pool and play the game of "water welcomes good luck". Wang Renyu's "Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy" reveals another scene: Wen Yao is the dense stone in the soup, and Yu Lian is on the tip. Tangquan becomes a pool, and splendid geese sew in the water. The emperor and the imperial concubine carved boats while playing. In the Tang Dynasty, emperors and concubines bathed so richly. When concubines take a bath, they put spices in the water. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, there was a "Xiangquantan" next to the "Yangbichi" where concubines bathed, and the perfume accumulated in the "Xiangquantan" was injected into the "Yangbichi". There was a little maid-in-waiting, whose face became whiter and redder because of this fragrant bath, like a peach blossom with dew, which won the favor of the emperor and called her "Mrs. Tao" and "Mrs. Saito". Taking a bath with spices is not from the Yuan Dynasty. Spices should be understood as medicinal materials to a great extent. There is a bathing prescription in Volume 5 of Sun Simiao's Thousand Female Wings in Tang Dynasty: clove, agarwood, agarwood, pearl, jade slice, peach blossom clock milk powder, papaya flower, pear flower, lotus flower, plum blossom and cherry blossom. The way to make flowers is to "mash flowers and incense separately, then grind real pearls and jade pieces into powder, mix them with bean powder, grind them for thousands of times and keep them in secret." I often use my hands to wash my face as makeup for 100 days. Its surface is like jade, bright and moist, and deodorizes powder. " The throat and arms are washed with this medicine, and so is it. Medicinal bath not only makes the skin fair, but also can prevent epidemic and strengthen the body, so it lasts for a long time. From the article "Tai Ping Guang Ji Dong Feng", it is known that there was personal pain and skin peeling in the Han Dynasty. Because this person "took a bath and the pain stopped", on the 20th, his skin healed and his body was like frozen fat. This shows that the efficacy of medicated bath is obvious. In the Song Dynasty, pharmacies in Tokyo sold special "face-washing drugs". The Yuan song "Xie Tianxiang" described in detail the scene of women taking a bath with "boiled bran paste and fragrant beans", indicating that "medicated bath prescription" was very popular. "Lycium barbarum soup" bath formula was directly recommended to people as a necessary fitness method in the "Three Ji Nong" in Qing Dynasty. Hot spring baths in the Tang and Song Dynasties were also very popular. Hot Springs is the previous episode of Liu Fu's Qing Suo Gao Yi, which tells the story of Zhang Yu, a Sichuan scholar, soaking in hot springs with a fairy in a big room with colorful windows when crossing Lishan Mountain. There are also traces of "shared hot springs" in the anonymous Biography of Mei Fei in the Tang Dynasty. Although it is mainly for nobles, it is a real scene of soaking in hot springs in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, hot spring bath was gradually popularized and developed outdoors. The scene of the hot spring bath in The Journey to the West's seventy-second episode is quite impressive: the bath is about fifty feet wide, ten feet long and four feet deep, but the water is clear and thorough. The water below is like a jade ball, and bones will come up. There are six or seven holes on all sides that can flow through. It flows two or three miles away, drops into the ground, or warm water. There are three pavilions on the pool. There is an eight-legged bench near the back wall in the pavilion, and there are two gold-painted hangers on two hills. ..... This spring is a natural hot pool. Amin poet Tang Guifang chanted similar southeast hot springs: "I came here to celebrate the fate of dust and customs, and I chose to recover from a dirty bath." It shows the mentality of seeking enjoyment and strengthening the body from the hot springs. Hot spring baths in Ming and Qing dynasties were much higher than before. The Ming Dynasty's Herbal Medicine for Dietotherapy and Herbal Medicine for Gathering Food all made a scientific summary of the hot springs in Ming Dynasty, and put forward that the hot spring water is hot and poisonous and must not be drunk. However, people who treat various diseases such as muscle contracture, muscular dystrophy, hand and foot paralysis, no eyebrows, skin and joint scabies must take a bath. After bathing, you should be exhausted, which can be supplemented by illness, medicine and diet. You must have patients, so don't enter easily.
In the Qing Dynasty, out of consideration for physical fitness and preference for natural science, Kangxi groped out a whole set of experience of taking a hot spring bath. In the fifty years of Kangxi (17 1 1), Li Guangdi, a 70-year-old university student, suffered from a poisonous sore, and Kangxi instructed him to take a hot spring bath, that is, take a bath with soup. Li Guangdi took a hot spring bath as instructed, and the sore soon recovered. Kangxi also made textual research on his favorite Changping Tangquan, in order to publicize the effect of taking a hot spring bath. According to the statistics of scholars in this period, there are more than 220 hot springs in various places, which is related to Kangxi's advocacy of taking a hot spring bath. Tu Benjun, a famous person in Ming Dynasty, also juxtaposed "bathing" with "appreciating antiques", "famous incense" and "reciting famous sayings", indicating that bathing in Ming Dynasty was more exquisite than before. "A Record of Work" describes that the capital of the Ming Dynasty practiced "bathing". In the Qing Dynasty, there was a passage in Yangzhou's commentary "Qingfeng Za" (also known as "Piwu Pepper") which described in detail the bathing procedures such as haircut and shaving, especially the "back rubbing" in bathing, which was a "kung fu". Not only to play the rhythm, but also to play tricks. What is "myna bathing"? Fight to the end, clap three hands again, and call it "Feng San nods". This description makes people more fascinated by this kind of bath, which can increase body heat, promote capillary expansion, speed up blood circulation, devour bacteria in the body, improve immunity, and have special effects on eliminating stomach cold and diarrhea gastritis. Qing Linqing's "Legend of Red Snow Tangshan Sitting in the Spring" bathed in the Qing Dynasty, and also paid attention to absorbing foreign advanced winds for their own use. For example, there is a vault bathroom behind Yude Hall in Xiduo Hall of Wuying Hall in the Forbidden City. The ceiling and walls of the room are covered with white glazed glass bricks, followed by a well covered with a small pavilion. There is an iron fireplace for boiling water on the back wall of the room, which is introduced into the room with copper pipes. This is a typical Arabian bath. You can take a "steam bath" in this bathroom. It is said that after Gengzi, Beijing began to dig wells for water and take a bath in the western way, such as the Forbidden City and Sanjizi Garden. This is a unique flavor in the history of bathing in China. But to say that the highest level of bathing in ancient China is the Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty. There is a woman who bathes Cixi in Xiaotangshan, Changping County, Beijing. According to the measurement, it is 4.55 meters long, 2.90 meters wide and 1.40 meters deep. The wall of the pond is made of 10 processed boulder and paved with 10 square slate. Adjacent to it is a reservoir. When taking a bath, hot spring water flows into the reservoir from the crevice. When it is full, a gate on the south wall will open and water will flow into the bath through the dark trough. The design of this bath can be described as unique and exquisite, and it is worthy of the title of hot spring pool. Although the bathing of ordinary people is not as good as that of Cixi, the bathing facilities have reached a fairly high level. For example, the Xinfeng Spring in Yangzhou in the Qing Dynasty is a pool made of white jade, with an area of more than ten feet and several compartments in the middle. The water near the iron pot is the big pool, followed by the middle pool, and the small pool that is not too hot is the doll pool. Clothes storage cabinets are arranged in the hall, with standing boxes on both sides. There is a greenhouse in the back room, and the waiter can massage the bathers ... This kind of bathing is very common in Jiangnan. The Japanese book "The Story of Customs Clearance" describes the appearance of this bath very vividly: the yellow bamboo cage outside the bath is behind the table, and the entrance door is engraved with "Bath". On the two pillars, there is a couplet: "Yangmei was poisoned to take a bath, but she was drunk." There are two kinds of people who take a bath, one is sitting in a big basin fastened with rattan, and the other is soaking in a stone pool. Those who take a bath in the basin can use a wooden bucket to fill the basin with water from the bucket on the ground, and the other one takes a hot bath in the pool, which is heated outside, and one person cooks water full-time. The bamboo tube in the hand of the boiler is specially used to adjust the temperature in the pool and blow the fire ... This kind of bathing is very consistent with the section "Make a scene in the bathhouse" in Fengmen Guan. Such as couplets posted at the door, a head pool with hot water for bathing, and a second pool without hot water. Slightly different is that there is a bright red word "forbearance" on the white powder wall inside the gate of "Baiyuchi" written by "Qingfeng Gate". This is a notice to all bathers, and you should take a photo with forbearance when you enter the door. "Something can't lose his temper; If you want to get angry and fight, please go out and fight; Everyone in the bathhouse is naked, naked and slippery. Naughty fights will cause accidents. " This can't help but remind people of a painting named "No Clothes, No Brown" in Dianshizhai Pictorial in the Qing Dynasty, which depicts a bath in the south of the Yangtze River. The clothes of two teenagers who were taking a bath were taken away by the sudden increase of people. This is obviously a prank intended for revenge, but it makes contemporary people more clearly see the interior of Jiangnan cleansing bath at that time. Another more touching bathing scene is outdoors. According to the ancient records such as Supplement to Wan Yeli, since the Ming Dynasty, June 6th has obviously appeared, and men, women, children, the elderly and even domestic animals such as cats and dogs have "bathed in the river". This is because people think that the incidence rate is the highest in midsummer all year round, so they should take a bath to prevent diseases. This is also a concentrated expression of people's bathing customs for a long time. So far, people in many areas still keep the healthy habit of taking a bath on June 6th.