In the First World War, Italy paid a huge price, but at the Paris Peace Conference, Britain and France refused to strengthen their strength in the Mediterranean and the Balkans and refused to fulfill their commitments. At the meeting of "President Wilson's Arbitration" (in Orlando), most of the spoils were seized by Britain and France. Italy got 654.38+million square miles of land, Britain got 2.5 million, and France got 1 10,000. Italy's claim to Mu Fu's sovereignty was also frustrated. The results of the Peace Conference reached China, and people from all walks of life were filled with grief and indignation. There is a "patriotic craze" all over the country, and ghosts who miss the feelings of ancient Rome are wandering around. They feel that "Italy won the war, but lost peace. Although Italy has made some achievements, it was still a dissatisfied country when it appeared at the peace conference. " Italy accuses the government of incompetence and hopes to have a strong government to realize its territorial claims. Mussolini and other reactionary "nationalists" catered to and took advantage of this national sentiment, took the opportunity to play the banner of revisionism, advocated Italy's right to expand, praised the vast territory and martial spirit of ancient Rome, and promised revenge for Versailles' humiliation in order to seize power. Extreme nationalism is the core of fascist theory. The rise of fascism in Italy first laid the foundation. "... and only 20 years after the end of World War I, on the road of German, Italian and Japanese fascists going to the world war, an ultra-nationalist main line characterized by expansionism and aggression runs through from beginning to end."
19 14, when Mussolini was expelled from the party by the "Progress" and the Italian Socialist Party, he used the Italian People's Daily to make a lot of noise and support the slogan of "saving the country from the poor and weak living conditions through war" put forward by the "nationalists. After the Paris Peace Conference, Mussolini blamed the failure of the peace conference on the Socialist Party, which advocated neutrality when signing the contract, accused the Socialist Party of being a national rebellion and dressed itself as the so-called patron saint of national interests. 192 1 autumn, Mussolini announced at the fascist party conference that the main point of the party program is "to carry out social reform and improve the prestige of the country abroad" and its core idea is "nationalism". The platform of the fascist party catered to the needs of Italy at that time, and its reactionary and charming propaganda achieved initial results. In the same year, Mussolini campaigned with the Liberal Party and the Nationalist Party. Mexico claims that only Italy, a proud Aryan, has the right to rule the high seas (referring to the Mediterranean), and reiterates that fascist foreign policy can be summarized as "imperialism" and "national expansionism". As a result, the fascist party won 35 seats, accounting for 7%. 1922 parliamentary elections, Mexico boasted and increased its appeal. Fascism makes use of unhealthy national sentiment, national chauvinism and national expansionism, and gradually overlaps with them. It adapted to the specific political, economic and social situation in Italy after the First World War. Not only the big landlords, the big bourgeoisie, the church and the king expressed satisfaction with it, but also the petty bourgeoisie, workers, farmers, businessmen, artists and even the unemployed were full of "love" for it. After World War I, fascism first rose in Italy.
1July, 923, Mussolini, who mastered the state power, began to take risks. He ordered his troops to Corfu, Greece. Although some people have doubts about his "great ambition", most people still firmly support him. As a result, he saw that his adventure policy was warmly welcomed by many illegal Sis party member and anti-fascists. 1924 The election in the spring once again showed that fascism was widely supported. The fascist party has continuously strengthened its political power and expanded its aggression. 1935 65438+ 10, Italy invaded Ethiopia without a declaration of war, and occupied the country completely the following year. There is a new upsurge in the worship of the great "leader" in Italy, and Mussolini is blown to the gods. Farmers knelt down to him in the field, and women held up their children and asked him to bless them; Cabinet ministers stand at attention before him for hours at a time. "At that time, slogans were everywhere in Italy:' Leader, you are everything to us.' [7] Mussolini established a personal dictatorship and gained "trust" and "response". It was he who dragged Italy into the abyss of war that made it possible.