Development of green building materials abroad.
To develop green building materials, 1978 issued the first environmental protection mark "Der Blaue Engel", and more than 7,500 products were certified. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the University of California set up an indoor air research program, studied and formulated the theoretical basis for evaluating VOC emissions of building materials, determined the system and method for testing VOC emissions of building materials, and put forward a mathematical model for predicting the impact of building materials on indoor air quality. Canada launched the environmental labeling program in 1988, and so far more than 800 products in 14 have obtained environmental labeling. Denmark and Norway introduced the "HMB" standard. According to the national laws and regulations, in addition to the product quality standards, the sanitary indicators must be marked in the instruction manual for the sales of building materials products such as paints. Sweden is also actively promoting and developing green building materials, and has formally implemented new building regulations, stipulating that building materials used indoors must implement a safety labeling system, and has formulated the indoor air concentration index limit of organic compounds. In addition, Finland, Iceland and other countries have implemented a unified Nordic environmental label in 1989. From 65438 to 0988, Japan began to mark the environment. Up to now, there are more than 2500 kinds of environmental protection products, and it attaches great importance to the development of green building materials. At present, there are three mainstream views on the development trend of green building materials in the world:
1) Simplification: This is mainly aimed at the extravagant style prevailing in some places. In foreign countries, saving funds has been regarded as an indicator of sustainable development of buildings. Creating a natural and simple living and working environment conforms to sustainable development and is also an inevitable requirement for building a conservation-oriented society.
2) Close to nature: choose natural materials and advocate highlighting the natural characteristics of materials, such as wooden buildings. Straw board building materials, which became popular during the First World War, have its ecological advantages, and its main raw material, rice and wheat straw, is a renewable resource. It will not pollute the ecological environment in the process of production and manufacturing, which is the trend of material use in developed countries.
3) Pay attention to environmental protection: mainly include the following aspects.
A, beneficial to human health, such as the Ecologo logo scheme in Canada and the certification logo scheme in Denmark. , mainly from the perspective of human health.
B, it is beneficial to the environment. For eco-friendly materials, it is not only required not to pollute the environment, but also to purify the environment. For example, the concrete paving blocks added with TiO2 _ 2 photocatalyst have begun to go out of the laboratory and be laid on the sidewalks of busy roads to carry out application tests of eliminating nitrogen oxides and purifying the air.
C, reduce the environmental load. First, reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution; Second, make full use of waste and reduce environmental load. Using solid waste to develop building materials is the most important way to develop green building materials.
2. The development of green building materials in China.
Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of China's economy and society and the increasing improvement of living standards, people have higher and higher requirements for the quality and environmental protection of housing, which makes the research, development and use of green building materials more and more in-depth and extensive. The greening of building decoration materials is a new requirement for the ancient building materials field and the only way for the sustainable development of building materials. China Environmental Label was released on June 1993. 1994 May 17 China Environmental Label Product Certification Committee was established in Beijing. 1994, it was the first to carry out environmental labeling in 6 categories 18 products, and water-based coatings were the first products to carry out environmental labeling in building materials. From May, 65438 to May, 1998, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Expert Group on New Materials of the 863 Program jointly held the "Seminar on Eco-environmental Materials", and determined that "Eco-environmental Materials" should be materials with satisfactory performance, excellent environmental coordination and environmental improvement. Although some achievements have been made in the development of "green building materials" in China, it is still in the primary stage. In the future, we will continue to develop in the direction of resource saving, energy saving, health, safety and environmental protection, and develop more and more inexpensive green building materials products to improve the quality of human living environment and ensure the sustainable development of our society. To realize the sustainable development of green building materials, we must do the following work well.
1) We must establish the concept of sustainable ecological building materials.
Starting from the long-term interests of human society and aiming at the sustainable development of human society, natural resources and ecological problems closely related to the production, use and abandonment of building materials are considered, namely, the recycling of building materials, the shortage of resources, the deterioration of ecological environment and the coordination with the earth.
2) Raise the environmental awareness of the whole people and advocate green building materials.
The level of social environmental awareness is an important measure of national quality and civilization. It is necessary to use various media to publicize and educate environmental awareness and green building materials knowledge, so that the whole people can establish a strong ecological awareness and environmental awareness, consciously participate in the work of protecting the ecological environment and developing green building materials, and promote the healthy development of green building materials.
3) Establish and improve the technical standards of building materials industry and accelerate the implementation of environmental label certification system.
Through the formulation and implementation of corresponding laws and standards, strengthen the quality supervision of building materials industry, cultivate and standardize the market, promote the technological progress of building materials enterprises, and guide the healthy development of green building materials. Support low-energy and low-consumption building materials enterprises that rationally utilize resources and comprehensively utilize industrial wastes; Take intervention measures such as high taxes or rectification within a time limit for production enterprises that make unreasonable use of resources, destroy cultivated land and consume high energy; Eliminate small enterprises with backward equipment and serious pollution. The implementation of environmental label certification system can promote the technological transformation and scientific and technological progress of building materials enterprises and improve the competitiveness of their products in domestic and foreign markets. Many countries declare that they will impose heavy taxes or refuse to import goods that have not obtained their own environmental labels. Therefore, for building materials enterprises, obtaining product environmental protection marks is equivalent to having a "green pass" to the market. Only by speeding up the implementation of the environmental label certification system can China occupy a place in the international market.
4) Strengthen the research and development of green building materials.
To ensure the sustainable development of building materials, the key is to develop and popularize green building materials products. There are two main technical ways to develop green building materials: first, research and develop multifunctional building materials beneficial to human health, such as sanitary ceramics and glass with antibacterial, bactericidal and deodorizing functions, water-based coatings, radiation-proof coatings and deodorizing coatings that do not emit organic volatiles; The second is to use industrial or urban solid waste or recycled materials to replace part or all of natural resources, and use traditional processes or new technologies to manufacture green building materials.
5) Do a good job in technology introduction, digestion and absorption.
The imported technology should be fully investigated and strictly controlled to avoid blindness, duplication and low level. We should try our best to buy technology patents or software and introduce key technologies for design and production. It is necessary to organize absorption, digestion and innovation in time, and effectively solve the bad tendency of attaching importance to technology introduction and neglecting digestion and absorption in the past.
Related information: China Green Industry Network.