First, psychological counseling "hardware" facilities and requirements
1. Consultation reception room and consultation room
(1) location selection
The location of consulting reception room and consulting room is based on the principle of quietness and convenience. Generally located in quiet and sparsely populated places, such as libraries, reading rooms and places with windows, but not too remote. A room with windows will meet the psychological requirements of visitors for windows, improve the openness of the space, lead visitors to the ideal world, and at the same time, talk freely with consultants. The standard psychological counseling center has three parts: counseling reception room, counseling room and psychological activity room. The consultation reception room is used to receive people who come to consult, and it has two main purposes: one is to register visitors and make an appointment for consultation time; The second is to provide waiting space for people who come to consult. The conference consultation room is used for consultation and is a place for formal psychological consultation. The activity room is generally used for psychological measurement, relaxation training and storage of psychological files of individual cases or small groups. Can also be appropriately compressed according to the specific situation, at least there should be a consultation room, and it would be better if there could be another consultation reception room.
(2) Interior design of consulting room
Warm colors (such as beige) (including the colors of tables and chairs, sofas, data cabinets and coffee tables) are generally used in the northern consultation room, which makes the consultation room look warm and friendly and makes the visiting or waiting staff feel relaxed. The light in the clinic should be softer and the color feeling should be integrated with the light environment. In line with the principle of being conducive to consulting work, I personally suggest that the wall of the consulting room should be warm, with light green curtains and prominent lamps, which are designed as the visual focus of the space. Both the design of light environment and the selection and arrangement of lamps must be based on the questioner's behavior and psychological needs. Make the light subtle and soft, create a warm atmosphere and a good consulting atmosphere, so that visitors can feel calm, relaxed, concentrate and not be distracted.
Whether it is consulting reception room, consulting room or psychological activity room, we should put some potted plants, vases, handicrafts, antiques, calligraphy and painting works in eye-catching places as much as possible, because these beautiful interior designs have elegant, cordial and pleasant characters, which will enhance the spatial environment, improve the environmental atmosphere, increase the factors of beauty, endow people with rich cultural connotations and daydreaming space, produce a benign stimulus to people's nerves, and make people's skin cool and breathe evenly.
(3) Indoor facilities
The seats in the consulting room should be soft and comfortable, so that the consultants can relax easily. Because of the constancy of cognition, try to avoid taking the seats in the general classroom as the seats in the consulting room. In that case, visitors will feel cold and nervous, have defensive psychology, and affect their desire to receive counseling. In addition, there should be a certain angle between the visitor and the consultant's seat to avoid the visitor directly facing the consultant, because when everyone communicates with others (or when the consultant communicates with the visitor), there is an invisible personal space around the communicator's body that is not infringed by others, and some unwanted information, such as facial, body, smell and other sensory and perceptual knowledge, will surge forward through vision, hearing and perception. Consultants should have their own desks and chairs, and the consulting room should be equipped with two single person sofa and a coffee table. According to the size of the room, determine the size of the sofa and place it at an angle of about 60 degrees. A bookshelf is used to put some books, newspapers and magazines with healthy contents and suitable for the age characteristics of consultants, including professional books and periodicals introducing the laws of physical and mental development and mental health knowledge of different ages. On the one hand, counselors can learn and enrich their knowledge about psychological development and mental health through reading; On the other hand, reading can reduce the anxiety of counselors, because they have nothing to do while waiting. A clock, used to control the consultation time, can also play a decorative role. Clocks and watches are placed behind the visitors, where the consultant can easily see them, because if the consultant looks at the watch many times, it will easily make the visitors unable to talk calmly and so on. In addition, in the consulting room, there should be a place next to the consultant to put notes, and you can write down the visitor's residence, telephone number and family members at any time to prevent forgetting; Prepare necessary paper towels and boiled water for the inquirer to use. The selection (color and texture) of indoor facilities such as office desks and chairs, sofas, coffee tables, bookshelves, data cabinets, clocks and watches should be unified and coordinated with the overall environmental layout of the consulting room, so as to create a warm psychological consulting environment in which people and the environment are optimized and unified.
In addition, the following equipment is needed in normal psychological consultation: computer, which can not only be used as a tool to store psychological consultation materials of consultants, but also play an increasingly important role in psychological testing and online consultation. E-mail, hang a consultation e-mail box on the wall outside the consultation room, which can leave some space for consultants who are embarrassed to consult face to face. Telephone, if possible, you can consider setting up telephone consultation. The recorder can be used not only as a necessary tool for music therapy, but also as a necessary consultation record.
In a word, a concise, warm, rich and ideal psychological counseling environment, which is optimized and unified between people and the environment, can make consultants feel warm, relaxed and at ease, without worrying about "revealing" secrets, so as to talk about related things easily and safely about the details of personal life. Psychological counselors can listen carefully to their conversations, help them understand problems and explore ways to solve them, thus promoting the development of counseling work.
2. Common psychological measurement tools
The important task of psychological counseling is to help counselors understand their own psychological development, eliminate psychological barriers, and restore and maintain a healthy psychology. In order to "prescribe the right medicine", counselors need to accurately understand their psychological development and analyze the reasons for their psychological or behavioral problems. Therefore, the consulting room must be equipped with corresponding psychological measurement tools to help consultants accurately diagnose their psychological and behavioral problems. To carry out psychological counseling, at least the following psychological development and mental health testing tools should be prepared.
(1) intelligence scale.
Intelligence test can help consultants understand their own intelligence development level, judge the potential and limitations of consultants in perception, attention, memory, thinking, speech, problem solving and hands-on operation, and make better education and teaching plans. The commonly used intelligence test scales are: Binet.Alfred. Alfred Intelligence Test Scale, wexler Intelligence Test Scale and Raven Reasoning Test Scale.
(2) Personality and Personality Scale.
Personality and personality survey can help counselors understand their personality characteristics and personality types, judge the advantages and disadvantages of their personality development, and help them "foster strengths and avoid weaknesses" in their study and life. Commonly used personality and personality scales are: Cattell 16 Personality Factor Test (16PF), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Edward Personal Hobbies Scale (EPPS).
(3) aptitude test.
Aptitude test can help consultants understand their potential ability trends and predict their possible achievements in future study and work. Commonly used aptitude tests include academic aptitude test (SAT) and discriminating aptitude test (DAT).
(4) Mental Health Scale.
Mental health scale can help consultants understand the specific manifestations and severity of their psychological and behavioral problems, so as to formulate targeted counseling strategies. Commonly used mental health scales include Aschenbach Child Behavior Scale, Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Root Child Behavior Questionnaire, etc.
In addition, there are some comprehensive tests, such as Uchida Kleppelin Psychological Test (British Test). Through a test, we can get all kinds of information, not only to understand the counselor's ability level, personality and personality characteristics, but also to understand the counselor's mental health and possible psychological and behavioral problems.
3. Unified and standardized consultation appointment list and consultation record list.
Unified and standardized consultation appointment list and consultation record list are very helpful to establish consultation files. The contents of the consultation appointment form mainly include the name, gender, age, grade, questions and time of consultation. You can arrange corresponding consultants according to the contents of the appointment form. The contents of the consultation record mainly include the name, gender, age, grade, consultation times, questions consulted by the consultant, diagnosis results of the consultant, consultation suggestions, etc. Conditional consultation rooms can establish consultation files with computers, which is convenient for management and search.
4. Relevant books, newspapers and magazines
The consulting reception room should prepare a large number of books, newspapers and magazines related to psychological development, mental health, psychological problems, psychological consultation and counselor treatment. These books and materials should have the characteristics of integrating theory with practice, strong practicability and strong operability. Its function is reflected in many aspects. First, counselors who come to consult can enrich their relevant knowledge through reading, enhance their understanding of their mental health, and get guidance in life and study. Second, consultants can browse other consulting cases at any time and learn from the useful experience of other consultants, so as to better carry out the consulting work in our school; Thirdly, counselors can expand their mental health knowledge through these materials, and better understand the physical and mental development law of the educational object-consultants, so as to improve the teaching methods and make them more suitable for the characteristics of consultants.
Second, psychological counseling "software" requirements
1. Consultant
Personally, I think a qualified psychological counselor should have the following three qualities:
(1) Professional ethics: I love mental health education and have a strong sense of responsibility; Treat consultants sincerely, strictly keep secrets and privacy for consultants, and give consultants a kind of affinity and trust; Regardless of personal remuneration, you can sacrifice your personal time to provide services for consultants;
(2) professionalism: having comprehensive professional knowledge, especially psychology, pedagogy and medical knowledge. Systematically studied the theoretical knowledge of counselor's psychological development, familiar with the methods of studying counselor's psychology, and have a clear understanding of the law of counselor's psychological development;
(3) Professional experience: with keen observation, good memory, rich imagination, creative thinking and adaptability. I have received special and systematic psychological measurement training, am familiar with psychological measurement theory, can skillfully use common psychological measurement tools, and can properly explain the measurement results.
In 2002, China promulgated the National Professional Standards for Psychological Counselors. The Vocational Skills Appraisal Institute of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and the China Mental Health Association organized some experts to compile the National Vocational Qualification Training Course for Psychological Counselors. In April, 2003, the first batch of national qualified psychological counselors in China were born in Hangzhou. There are three professional levels of psychological counselors: psychological counselors (national vocational qualification level 3), psychological counselors (national vocational qualification level 2) and senior psychological counselors (national vocational qualification level 1). One of the application conditions for psychological counselors is: college graduation in psychology, education and medicine; Or other professional undergraduate graduates, after the formal training of psychological counselors to reach the required standard hours (not less than 520 standard hours), and obtained the graduation (completion) certificate. In order to better carry out psychological counseling and improve my professional quality, I am going to participate in the formal training of psychological counselors and strive to get the national psychological counselor certificate as soon as possible.
2. Consulting work system
A perfect consulting system is a necessary guarantee for the smooth development of consulting work. The consultation work system mainly includes two aspects: first, the management charter of counselor's psychological consultation work, and second, the daily management charter of psychological consultation room. The regulations on psychological counseling management focus on standardizing psychological counseling work from a macro perspective, such as stipulating the tasks of psychological counselors and establishing evaluation methods for counseling work. The daily management regulations of psychological consultation room focus on planning specific psychological consultation work from a micro perspective, such as stipulating the opening hours of the consultation room, arranging the staff on duty in the consultation room, and formulating the work regulations of consultants.
3. Counselor's psychological development and consulting files
The establishment of psychological development and consultation files of counselors will help counselors to understand their own psychological development and make corresponding education and teaching plans according to their specific conditions, or nip in the bud, or foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, so as to promote the psychological healthy development of counselors. Consulting files are also helpful for consultants to evaluate and manage consulting work, and can provide data for consultants to carry out relevant educational research.
The psychological development and consulting files of counselors generally include the following contents.
(1) Basic information of the consultant, such as name, gender, age, grade, physiological development characteristics, social work, etc.
(2) The family background of the consultant, such as parents' occupation, education level, family structure, economic situation, living environment, etc. ;
(3) Important life experiences of the consultant, such as death of family members, divorce of parents, unexpected changes, etc.
(4) Consultants' learning situation, such as academic performance, learning attitude, methods, habits, interests, learning pressure, etc.
(5) the consultant's intelligence development level;
(6) the personality and personality characteristics of the consultant;
(7) the mental health status of the consultant, such as whether there have been psychological development problems, degree and specific performance; Whether you have received psychological counseling, how many times you have received psychological counseling, and the time, content and results of each counseling.
The psychological testing tools used should be marked in the psychological development and consulting files of the counselors. Because the consultant is in the process of development and change, the psychological development of the consultant and the relevant contents of the consulting file should be updated regularly.