With the improvement of living standards and the change of life rhythm, the elderly with hypertension are cautious and principled when using antihypertensive drugs, which are called "diseases of wealth" (namely hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia). With the increase of age, the prevalence of hypertension is also increasing. 40% ~ 45% of the elderly over 60 suffer from hypertension and hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health in 2007, according to foreign data, about 50% of diabetic patients are complicated with senile diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Harm of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are common diseases that seriously threaten human health, especially middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old. Even with the most advanced and perfect treatment, more than 50% of the survivors of cerebrovascular accidents can't take care of themselves completely! The number of people who die of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the world is as high as150 thousand every year, ranking first among all causes of death. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become the number one killer with the highest cause of human death, and also the "silent killer" of people's health!
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have the characteristics of "high incidence, high disability rate, high mortality rate, high recurrence rate and many complications"-"four highs and one more". At present, there are more than 270 million patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China!
Nearly 3 million people die of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases every year in China, accounting for 5 1% of the total annual deaths in China. Moreover, 75% of the patients who survived lost their ability to work to varying degrees, and 40% were severely disabled!
The recurrence rate of stroke patients in China is 30% in the first year and 59% in the fifth year after discharge. In the United States, only 10% has done better in secondary prevention. Because there are few people covered by medical insurance in China, the recurrence rate of stroke patients is higher than the international average 1 times! [Edit this paragraph] Prevention methods of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases The secret of preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases lies in "reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, eating less salt, and psychological balance". The birth of fish oil ensures the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. To prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, we should develop the following good living habits.
1, prevent embolism. Blood vessels, especially coronary arteries, tend to contract and spasm in cold winter, leading to insufficient blood supply and possible embolism, so we should pay great attention to keep warm.
Patients should not do morning exercises. Because during sleep, the nervous system of the human body is in a state of inhibition, lacking vitality, suddenly exercising when getting up in the morning, and the nerve excitability suddenly increases, which is easy to induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Pay attention to this problem in winter.
3, tonic should be moderate. Our people have the habit of tonic in winter, and exercise less in winter. In addition, a large number of tonic hot foods and medicinal liquor can easily lead to elevated blood lipids and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, winter tonic must be carried out according to personal physique.
4. Mental balance. Emotional excitement is a taboo for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia should especially relax their mentality and not let their emotions fluctuate too much.
5. Exercise properly. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients are not unable to exercise, but should exercise properly. The reduction of exercise will also cause slow blood flow and high blood lipid. It is necessary to arrange exercise time reasonably and control the amount of exercise. In winter, you should wait until the sun rises before exercising. At this time, the temperature rises, which can prevent the body from suddenly getting sick due to cold stimulation. [Edit this paragraph] Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are caused by long-term eating habits, too much lipid and too much alcohol in the diet. At the same time, there is no reasonable exercise to promote the metabolism of lipids and alcohols, which leads to the gradual increase of lipids and alcohols in the body, doping in the blood and blocking capillaries. With the passage of time, lipids and alcohols are easy to combine with free mineral ions in the body to form thrombus. . Thrombosis tends to accumulate and calcify in the corners or bottlenecks of blood vessels. At the same time, there are more and more thrombi, which reduces the diameter of blood vessels. In order to maintain adequate blood supply, the heart increases blood pressure, which leads to hypertension. If the blood pressure is too high, it may lead to rupture of blood vessels, resulting in hemorrhagic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. If the blood supply is insufficient due to blockage, it is ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. [Edit this paragraph] Prevention strategy (1) Reasonable diet
With the improvement of people's living standards in China, the quality of life of residents is constantly improving. But many people's diet is not scientific, thinking that big fish and big meat is the improvement of quality of life, but it is not. People's health is different, so is their diet. It is suggested that patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases develop the following eating habits.
1, increase fiber diet
Dietary fiber can reduce serum cholesterol concentration. Foods rich in dietary fiber mainly include miscellaneous grains, rice bran, wheat bran, dried beans, kelp, vegetables and fruits. 35-45 grams of fiber per day. Common foods with lipid-lowering function are onion, garlic, mushrooms, fungus, celery and so on.
2. Eat more fish and fish oil (however, in the process of fish oil refining, the technology is not perfect and pure. Compared with Kuaiqing soft capsule (refined from seal oil), Kuaiqing soft capsule is made of international high-tech high-purity ultrafiltration and biomolecular refining, both of which won the Nobel Prize. )
Fish oil has obvious effects of regulating blood lipid and preventing arteriosclerosis. A large intake of fish oil rich in omega-3 has a positive preventive effect on cardiovascular diseases. International nutrition organizations suggest that people should consume 2,500 kilocalories per day, and correspondingly 0.6- 1 g of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA. Take the fish oil of red ginseng for example, you should take at least 3-5 fish oil capsules with 700mg and 30% content every day to ensure the basic needs of the human body. Nutrilite deep-sea salmon oil capsules each contain EPA 180mg and DHA 120mg, and two capsules a day can ensure the preventive effect. The therapeutic dose of omega-3 fatty acids is 3~4g/d, and Nutrilite Deep Sea Salmon Oil Capsule 10~ 13 capsules per day is enough.
Step 3 eat more soy products
Soybean is rich in many kinds of phospholipids necessary for human body. Eating more bean products such as bean curd, bean sprouts, dried bean curd and soybean oil is beneficial to human health and can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
In addition, the intake of fat and cholesterol should be reduced appropriately.
Fat intake should be strictly limited to no more than 30 grams per day or less than 15% of total calories. Cholesterol intake should be controlled below 200 mg -300 mg per day. Try to avoid eating foods with high cholesterol, such as brain, spinal cord, viscera, egg yolk, shellfish (such as mussels) and mollusks (such as squid, cuttlefish and roe).
5. In the study of Ginkgo biloba leaves, pharmacologists are very surprised to find that a small piece of Ginkgo biloba leaves contains many components, and its pharmacological activities are unexpected, including more than 20 kinds of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols and various trace elements, vitamins, amino acids and so on. It is no exaggeration to describe it as a miniature treasure house. A large number of pharmacological experiments show that there are two kinds of components with important pharmacological activities in Ginkgo biloba leaves: ginkgetin glycosides and ginkgolides. Their unique mechanism of action is different from some commonly used drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinic.
First, ginkgolides can selectively inhibit platelet activating factor. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a strong endogenous active substance in human body, which can cause platelet aggregation and thrombosis. It is an invisible killer of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, especially stroke and myocardial infarction.
The risk is great, and ginkgolides are the bane of platelet activating factor.
Secondly, ginkgo flavone glycosides have high anti-albinism ability. Ginkgo flavone glycosides have been proved to be effective in resisting and scavenging free radicals and playing a good role in delaying aging. Especially the recent information from abroad. It is believed that Ginkgo biloba leaves can be used to prevent and treat patients with early Alzheimer's disease, especially to help restore and improve memory.
Thirdly, there is a synergistic effect between ginkgolides and flavonoid glycosides, which can dilate blood vessels, increase blood flow, improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular circulation, and protect brain and myocardial cells under hypoxia. In addition, it can reduce triglyceride in blood, increase the content of high density lipoprotein and improve the activity of superoxide dismutase in red blood cells. Therefore, Ginkgo biloba extract preparation has good curative effect on patients with coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, concussion, sequelae of brain injury and so on. And there are few adverse reactions in general, so it is easy to be accepted as a health care drug.
(2) Scientific life
1. Strengthen physical exercise. Exercise every day 1 hour. During the exercise, the heart rate should not exceed the difference between 170 and age, or the body is slightly sweaty, so you don't feel tired, and you feel relaxed after exercise. Keep exercising for not less than 5 days a week and persevere.
2, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction Long-term smoking and alcoholism can interfere with blood lipid metabolism and increase blood lipids.
3. Avoid mental stress, emotional excitement, insomnia, overwork, irregular life, anxiety and depression, etc. to make lipid metabolism disorder. Middle-aged and elderly people should not play mahjong or chess for a long time, keep calm and try to be less angry.
(3) Take drugs that interfere with lipid metabolism as little as possible.
Such as beta blockers, propranolol, diuretics, hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide and steroid hormones. , can raise blood lipids.
(4) Actively treat diseases that affect blood lipid metabolism.
Such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, alcoholism, pancreatitis and lupus erythematosus. , will interfere with lipid metabolism.
(5) Regular physical examination
Middle-aged people over 45 years old, obese people, people with a family history of hyperlipidemia, people who often participate in eating, drinking and entertainment, and workers with high mental stress are all high-risk targets. Blood lipids and blood pressure should be checked regularly (at least once a year). [Edit this paragraph] Winter dietotherapy prescription "food tonic": For patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with symptoms such as chills, shortness of breath and fatigue, you can choose some mutton, chicken, rabbit meat, longan and bean products with warming and tonic effects; For patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with symptoms such as impatience, fever in hands and feet, anorexia, dry stool, edema, etc., some duck, goose, lily, yam, glutinous rice and mung bean products with the functions of tonifying deficiency, clearing heat and regulating viscera can be appropriately selected.
Longan contains essential protein and glucose, which is easily absorbed and utilized by human body. Glutinous rice can strengthen the spleen and nourish the stomach, thus achieving the purpose of invigorating qi and nourishing blood. It is very beneficial to drink a bowl of longan porridge cooked with glutinous rice in cold season. Ginger and onion are rare winter supplements. Eating ginger regularly has always been considered as one of the keys to health care, especially to strengthen the cardiovascular system. Ginger is rich in gingerol, which can stimulate the heart and blood vessels, dilate blood vessels, and make the collaterals smooth and normal.
"Medicine supplement": Patients can find a doctor to prescribe the right prescription according to their own situation. Ginseng, Radix Astragali, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Radix Angelicae Sinensis, which have the functions of invigorating qi, warming and promoting blood circulation, are more suitable for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as physical weakness, anorexia and mental fatigue. Cardiovascular patients with obvious deficiency of qi and blood can take Ejiao in winter; If you have symptoms of yang deficiency such as chills and backache, you can add black sesame and walnut kernel; People with weak spleen and stomach can add Chenpi Shanyao Decoction (Chenpi 10g, Shanyao Decoction 15g) to prevent stomach injury. The above items can be stewed chicken, duck or soup. However, some elderly people accumulate heat, showing impatience, red tongue and yellow greasy tongue coating, which is not suitable for drug supplementation.