A preliminary study on the influencing factors of college students' mental health
Factors Affecting College Students' Mental Health and Countermeasures
This paper analyzes the factors influencing college students' mental health from the aspects of social factors, family factors, school factors and personality factors, and starting from the school reality, puts forward some suggestions on college students' mental health education.
Keywords: mental health; Influencing factors; Countermeasures
China Library's Classification Number: G64 1 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1003-2851(201) 09-0-01.
The university stage is a period of rapid psychological maturity for young people, and it is also the most dramatic period of psychological changes in one's life. At this stage, college students are faced with various psychological development tasks, such as physical and mental development, future, getting along with others and falling in love. It is these tasks that promote their psychological development and maturity. Many colleges and universities have investigated the mental health status of college students, and the results show that more than 20% of college students have different degrees of mental health problems. In particular, some college students drop out of school because of psychological problems, and some abnormal or vicious incidents such as suicide and murder are reported in newspapers from time to time. All these show that the mental health problems of college students must arouse our high vigilance and attention. How to carry out college students' mental health education scientifically and effectively is a very urgent task before us.
First, the factors affecting college students' mental health
(1) Social factors. 1. Cognitive problems caused by culture and media. Contemporary college students are in an era of rapid development of mass media, a society with multi-cultural background and multi-value choices. College students' psychology of seeking novelty and difference makes them face the incompatibility between pursuit and reality. Faced with complicated information, the lack of discriminating ability and the guidance of dialectical thinking has brought negative effects on college students' thoughts and behaviors. Long-term psychological barriers will inevitably bring adverse effects on psychological quality; 2. The pressure of social competition. With the deepening of social reform and the introduction of competition in the talent training and employment system, college students are facing various competitive pressures. For example, the pressure of employment, the pressure of public examination and postgraduate entrance examination, the monetization of the housing system and the pressure brought by the unhealthy trend of social employment, etc. A series of competitions is undoubtedly a challenge for college students. When some weak-willed students encounter various setbacks, they may have a negative psychological state. At the same time, the market concept has also brought some negative effects on the psychological development of college students. The utilitarian and practical value orientation is that some students with weak will and low moral level have political belief crisis and moral decline.
(2) Family factors. Modern psychological research has proved that family environment will have a great influence on people's life development, especially the personality structure formed in the early years will be deeply imprinted in the later psychological development. Family disharmony, parents' divorce, parent-child tension and other factors are easy to make children have negative psychological reactions such as inferiority, pain, jealousy and rebellion. Many parents are eager for their children's success and put their children's learning at the center, but they often ignore the understanding of their daughters' abilities, interests and needs. Such college students often lack the ability to adapt to society and life in their daily communication. Although he may show honesty, courtesy and carefulness in personality, he often shows shyness, inferiority, sensitivity and easy submission to others in interpersonal relationships. Some parents satisfy their children's needs with excessive emotions, lest their children be frustrated. This kind of college students will form a dependent personality, shrink from things, lack sympathy, be emotionally unstable, have poor self-control and self-confidence, and be easily influenced by others. Some parents let themselves go and have little restraint on their children's behavior. This kind of college students are likely to be self-centered in interpersonal communication, do not know how to respect others, and it is difficult to adapt to collective life. Those college students from poor families are more likely to feel inferior, lack self-confidence, and even think that society is unfair and their fate is bad.
(3) School factors. First, the change of environment and role causes psychological maladjustment. After entering the university, students began to live an independent but collective life. In life, from the arrangement of parents to their own care, there is a sense of discomfort. Most students are away from their relatives in their hometown for the first time, which lasts for one semester at a time, without the care of their parents, plus "learning difficulties", "poor living conditions" and "illness" Their emotions are out of the sense of loss and they have a deep sense of frustration. Second, the influence of teaching contents, methods and processes. After entering the university, "autonomous" learning replaced the "cramming" of middle school. In the past, the "top students" in learning had to face the stylistic expertise, social skills, organizational skills and knowledge, and it was easy to have a huge psychological gap. Third, the influence of interpersonal atmosphere. Students in a university come from different regions, with different cultural backgrounds and values, and the differences in personality and habits are more prominent. Due to the lack of communication skills and ability, some college students will be in a state of "alienation", resulting in a sense of tension, unhappiness, annoyance and even hostility and hatred. Fourth, the influence of bad campus culture. Behind the high theme, there will also be bad culture radiating to the campus. Idolatry fanaticism, fashion-chasing, money worship, hedonism, card table restaurants, flowers before the moon, and so on, these negative phenomena on campus seriously affect the healthy growth of college students, making some college students decadent and lifeless.
(4) Personality factors. Youth is the most intense period of development and change of human life center, and psychological conflicts occur from time to time. The direct influence of psychological conflict on personality is psychological pressure. If it is not handled well, people will fall into endless confusion and depression, which will affect their mental health. In the process of psychological development, college students' self-knowledge is not comprehensive, their self-control ability is still weak and their self-evaluation is not objective. Some only see their own strengths and are self-righteous; Some only see their own shortcomings and lack self-confidence; Some expect too much of themselves and are numb and arrogant; Some people have no hope for themselves and muddle along; Some people even know nothing about themselves. Many factors, such as low psychological endurance, poor self-control, the contradiction between physical precocity and psychological lag, and the physical defects of a few students, will seriously affect their mental health once the relationship is unbalanced.
Second, college students' mental health countermeasures
College students' mental health education is a social systematic project, and schools, families and society should cooperate closely to make mental health education and psychological counseling play a greater role in college students' growth. Colleges and universities are gathering places for college students, so we should give full play to the advantages of organization and talents and take active actions.
(1) It is suggested to establish a full-time and part-time team as soon as possible. Schools should train counselors and "two courses" teachers in batches, and strive to establish a professional teacher team as soon as possible; It is necessary to train cadres engaged in student management and student cadres in psychological knowledge and establish an auxiliary team that cooperates with full-time teams. At the same time, it is suggested that colleges and universities should add the contents of mental health and psychological counseling to the evaluation system of "two courses", implement the construction of relevant institutions, staffing and funding, and check and evaluate the work of mental health and counseling institutions.
(two) do a good job in publicity and education and the establishment of mental health files. Do a good job in the general survey of freshmen's mental health and establish and improve students' mental health files. Analyze and predict students' psychological development, and make the work targeted. It is necessary to publicize mental health knowledge through multiple channels and in all directions, so that students can establish a correct concept of mental health. Special lectures should be held regularly, and mental health education should be popularized in a focused and hierarchical manner.
(3) Build a treatment platform for mental health problems. Psychological consultation clinics, consultation hotlines, mailboxes and online platforms should be set up in schools to prevent the occurrence of psychological diseases and malignant events, especially for students with psychological diseases to receive timely guidance and even correction. Schools should attach great importance to psychological counseling, not become a mere formality, and constantly improve the professional ability and professionalism of psychological counseling teachers.
(4) Strengthen the construction of campus culture. Schools should increase the development of mental health courses, increase the construction of school associations, create and optimize a healthy and upward campus cultural environment, promote the formation of good school spirit, study style and United and friendly interpersonal atmosphere, and form a group mental health environment.
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