Status 1, urticaria
Urticaria is divided into acute or chronic, and acute is defined as less than 6 weeks; Chronic is defined as more than 6 weeks. Most urticaria belongs to acute urticaria. Urticaria has three characteristics: (1) The rash will protrude to the middle with red patches around it; (2) the rash will itch; (3) The rash in the same position generally does not exist for more than 24 hours, and the position of the rash will move around. If the rash in the same place lasts for more than 24 hours, it is usually not urticaria. Urticaria can occur at any age, mostly due to allergies. There are many reasons for allergies, including food allergies, hot and cold weather or hot and cold bath water. We should try to stay away from the inducing factors.
The way to relieve it is to take antihistamines prescribed by doctors. Oral drugs are usually more effective than topical drugs and can even be taken after birth. If you are known to be allergic to milk protein, ask your doctor if you want to switch to highly hydrolyzed formula. It should be noted that a small number of urticaria can cause vascular edema. If a small number of babies have swollen throats due to urticaria, it may affect their breathing. They should see a doctor as soon as possible, but parents should not worry too much. After all, this situation is rare.
Condition 2: Atopic dermatitis
Because the skin barrier is not good, it is easy to be inflamed and stimulated by the outside world (there are many possible stimulating factors, such as cold and heat, food, sweating and so on). ), it itches when you have an attack, and even itches to sleep. Most will happen after 2 months, and most will happen before 2 years old. Symptoms are dry skin (it may be all over the body, but there may be no rash where diapers are wrapped); It belongs to chronic dermatitis and often recurs. The way to prevent atopic dermatitis is to avoid stimulating factors as much as possible. After taking a bath, it is best to pat the water dry and try not to rub it, so as not to irritate the skin. Apply moisturizing lotion to moisturize as soon as possible after patting; If it is serious, you need to use steroid drugs. But because the affected area itches, the more it tickles, the more the skin barrier is destroyed, which becomes a vicious circle. This is the itch cycle. Parents should try not to let the baby scratch the affected area.
Situation 3, chickenpox
The reason why the baby will get chicken pox is because the chicken pox virus is transmitted through direct contact with skin, droplets or air, and it is highly contagious. Symptoms are erythema → blisters → pustules → scabs on the trunk or face. /kloc-Most babies before 0/year old have antibodies from their mothers, and the probability of infection is small, but babies with poor immunity may still be infected, so contact with infected people should be avoided. The prevention method is to wear a mask (but airborne diseases may be infected even in the same carriage, so wearing a N95 mask will be more effective; Droplet infection can spread about 1 m). However, it is difficult for the baby to wear a mask, so the more effective way is to get a varicella vaccine at 1 year old. Even if 20% babies are vaccinated with varicella vaccine, they may still be infected with varicella, but the condition and symptoms will be mild. In addition, wash your hands frequently.
Once the baby suffers from chickenpox, it may scratch the affected area, and once the skin is scratched, it may lead to cellulitis. Most chickenpox can heal itself. Try not to let the baby scratch the affected area. Ask a doctor to prescribe antipruritic drugs or take antiviral drugs, regardless of age, symptoms improve quickly. In addition, a few pregnant women developed chickenpox from 2 days before delivery to 5 days after delivery. If the baby born with chickenpox is usually serious, it must be treated as soon as possible.
Situation 4, seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis usually begins at 2 ~ 10 weeks after birth. Some babies with seborrheic dermatitis will heal themselves after 3 ~ 4 weeks, and some will heal themselves after 8 months ~ 1 year. The etiology of seborrheic dermatitis is not clear at present, which may be related to sebum hyperplasia and fungi.
If the baby's scalp only has excessive sebum and desquamation, but the inflammation (redness) is not serious, it can be cleaned normally, and the affected area should not be dug. If the sebum in the affected area is quite thick, you can gently massage it with baby oil and then clean it. If there is inflammation (redness), the doctor may treat it with weak steroid drugs.
Situation 5: Neonatal acne
The cause of neonatal acne is still uncertain, and it is generally believed to be related to the stimulation of sebaceous glands by the mother's androgen, or to the temporary increase of adrenal gland or gonad androgen in infants. The incidence of male infants is higher than that of female infants. Most of them are quite mild and short-lived, and will disappear on their own in about 1 to 2 months. Only a few babies can survive to 9 to 12 months old. Most babies don't need treatment, they just need to be washed with water and mild baby cleaning products. If the doctor feels serious and needs treatment, the drugs used are similar to those used by adults, including local antibiotics.
As for children aged 2 to 7, acne is quite rare. If the baby has severe acne for a long time, or if the child aged 2-7 has acne, it may be necessary to confirm whether there are endocrine abnormalities, such as adrenal hyperplasia, gonadal adrenal tumor, precocious puberty or Cushing's disease.