Two Han Dynasty: Unknown
Grass by the Green River, Willows in the Garden.
The woman on the upper floor of the house is bright when the window is open.
E'e red powder make-up, slender out of the vegetarian hand.
Once an advocate, now a slut.
The slut never returns, and the empty bed is hard to keep.
Translation
The grass is green by the river, and the willows are lush in the garden.
The woman who stood on the embroidered building had a graceful figure, and she was leaning against the window as if she were shining like the bright moon.
The woman was wearing beautiful makeup and had a beautiful face, and her fingers were holding the window and looking into the distance.
She used to be a singer, but now she has become the wife of a traveler.
Not wanting her son to travel far away and never come back, she left her alone in the house and could not bear the loneliness.
Notes
Yuyu: lush.
YingYing: describes a beautiful demeanor and appearance.
Bright: bright, white.
Yǒu: the window between the room and the hall in ancient architecture. The order of the ancient courtyard from outside to inside is door, court, hall and room. After entering the door is the court, after the court is the hall, and after the hall is the room. The door of the room was called "hou", the window between the room and the hall was called "lattice", and there was another window on the north side of the room called "xiang". In ancient times, the term "window" was used to refer to the skylight on the roof, and the window on the wall was called "lattice", which was later used to refer to windows in general.
E'e: describes a woman's beautiful appearance.
Champion family: the ancient refers to the music of music and dance musicians.
Dangzi: a man who quits his family and forgets to return to his home.
Appreciation
This poem is written in the third person, which shows the young woman's longing for love and the ordinary life of husband and wife who are close to each other, even to each other. The structure of the poem is straight but graceful, reflecting the real and the imaginary; the description is delicate, highlighting the details; the use of superlatives, rich in rhyme.
The poem narrates a slice of life, roughly described as follows: the heroine is independent of the head of the building, the body is full, such as the wind with the virtual; she leaned on the window when the Xuan, light, bright as the moon in the light clouds; she is dressed in red make-up, dressed very attentively; she is like a carving of the teeth of the slender hands, holding the window pane, in the long time to lead the neck to look far away: she looked at the garden riverside, the grass is green, and stretches to the far future. She looked at the riverbank of the garden, the grass was green, stretching out into the distance. "The grass by the river is green, and sheer thought of the distant road; the distant road wants to be where it is, and she has dreamed of seeing it in the past" ("Ancient Poetry"), so her eyes are following the color of the grass and tracing the footsteps of the long-distance traveler in the past; she looked at the lush willow in the garden, from which she had once folded a branch and given it to her, and she hoped that the willow threads would be able to "keep" the long-distance traveler in the future. I hope that the willow silk, can "stay" in the heart of the traveler. It turns out that the annual spring color, once again ignited her hope of reunion, but also provoked her youthful feelings. Hope, in the hope of once again returned to disappointment; love, in the waiting into a sadness. She could not help but recall the fiddling of life. She, an advocate of the girl, with great difficulty to break free from the happy field of tears and songs of the restraints, to find a pleasant gentleman, hoping to live a normal human life; however, the creation of such a man, she could not help but cry out in her heart: "far away swinger, why do not you come back, this cold empty bed, how to ask me to keep alone!"
This poem is written in such a mundane slice of life that has been reenacted countless times, and uses only mundane chapters of scene and lyricism, and mundane language in the style of "Xiu Cai Speaks Common Words" (Xie Hazel's words); however, it is not mundane in its flavor. To be able to see the extraordinary realm in the ordinary is the subtlety of this poem - and the Nineteen Ancient Poems - that later generations could not reach by carving and engraving.
The poem is in fact a song lyric, a verse that can be sung, and a form of third-person narration used in the Nineteen Ancient Poems.
The structure of the poem seems to be straight, but there is an elegance in the straightness, and it is extremely natural that the real and the imaginary reflect each other, and the positive and the negative reflect each other. The center of the poem is, of course, the beauty of the building, the grass and willow smoke, is what she sees in her lookout, but the poet - he may be an outsider who happens to see the beauty, or he may be the faraway swinger - envisioned on behalf of her, it is natural to go from far away to close to the grass outside the garden, to the willow smoke inside the garden, and even more to converge on the grass outside the garden. To the willow smoke in the garden, more convergence to a point, the center of the garden, the tall building head. Nature's youth, for the young woman's youth as a companion; green grass and blue willow for the colorful red makeup accompaniment, beautiful to the extreme. And only too beautiful, so the end of the sudden sadness is extraordinarily touching, but also just read the poem to this point, to further realize that the beginning of the full of vitality of the grass and trees, has long been smeared with the young woman's dream-like sadness. This is what is often referred to as the extra flavor of the Nineteen Songs. If analyzed by the poetic method of later poets, it forms a structure of contrasting before and after, with the first and the last corresponding to each other. However, the poem's simple rhythms, one can not help but feel that the poet does not necessarily make such a clever construction, he, just for her to envision the development of her feelings for the ups and downs as a clue, written one by one, the natural twists and turns of feelings, the formation of the structure of the poem's natural twists and turns.
The language of the poem is not strange, just use the folk song commonly used superlatives, and used six in a row, but relevant and vivid. Green and lush, the same is to describe the vitality of the plant luxuriant, but green focus on the color tone, lush and heavy mood, and the two are not easy to each other. Willow heaps of smoke, before the feeling of lush, riverside grass color, stretch and go, is difficult to become a lush state, and such as only the green willow, but also not enough to exhaust its mood. Ying Ying, bright, are written beauty style, and Ying Ying focus on posture, bright heavy in style, from Ying Ying and bright, as the moon from the clouds out of the step that is hidden to the feeling of freshness, try to successively change each other, will feel the weight is not appropriate. E'e and fiber is the same write its appearance, and E'e is the general praise, fiber is the details of the delineation, not easy to each other. Six superimposed words are not cut, from the periphery and the center, from the overall and local, from the hazy and clear, baked and portrayed the image of the upstairs female perfect, of course, there is a certain amount of refinement of the choice, but then all according to the poet's far-away or suspense of the process of reflecting one by one. Perhaps it is because of the natural unfolding of the hierarchy of the imagination, it is more helpful to the then still sketchy pentameter poet vocabulary used so aptly, do not see the traces of the carving, such as camping in the air to position the rhetoric, the effect may not be so good. This is the so-called "showman said home truths".
The tones of the six superimposed characters are also rich in natural beauty, the beauty of change. Green is flat, lush is oblique, surplus and flat, turbid tone, bright and oblique, clear tone; E'e, slender with flat, and a turbid a clear, flat and oblique and turbid reflection intricate, forming a piece of Gongshang, harmonic and melodious. At that time, the sound law has not yet discovered, the poet just according to the intuition of the sound of heaven, no wonder the Southern Zhong Rong "Poetry" to say "the bee waist and the crane knee, the village has been set". This is out of the natural tone of voice, so that the syllables of the poem in the fluent ups and downs still have a kind of rustic flavor, and detailed analysis, since the difference with the later rhythmic tone can be seen.
The combination of sound, shape and two aspects of the six superimposed words gives a rich variety in the monotony of the superimposed words. This change in the monotony conveys the lonely and dazzling image of the heroine, and the lonely and disturbed voice of her heart.
The poet could not have known the aesthetic principles of individualization and typicality, but his deep and distant look or suspenseful thoughts, and his love for the heroine, made him write precisely the individuality and typical significance of the heroine. This is an advocate of the female, long years of singing and laughing career, sensitive to music, so she is particularly easy to Yangchun beautiful scenery in the color and sound of the titillation, excitement. She is not the naive aristocratic girl who knows no sorrow in Wang Changling's poem "Girlfriend's Complaint" of the Tang Dynasty. She is made up to go up the stairs, at the beginning is because of the fear of late happiness again lost, and go to obsessively look forward to pedestrians, she E'e red make-up is not to compete with the beauty of the spring color, but only for the Izzy, obsessed with him once he came back to see her the most beautiful face. Therefore, the moment she appeared on the scene, she was shrouded in a bleak grass, weeping willow in a sad atmosphere. She suffered too much, too much hope, disappointment is also too heavy, the pressure of the heart, so that she burst out "empty bed is difficult to keep alone," this silent but naked passionate cry. This is not "regret to teach my son-in-law to look for marquis" type of exquisite euphemism, but only, can only be the advocate of the woman's disclosure. Only because of its nearly no complaint of the lonely cry, only with its bright beauty, forming a very strong contrast, with the power to shock people's hearts. Poet in the natural and frank description, shows the personality of the advocate of the girl, but also through her to show in the popularity of eunuchs and hope in the end of the Han Dynasty, a generation of middle and lower class women's tragic fate. This is the typicality of personalization.