Bo Jichang (King Wen of Zhou) of the Western Zhou Dynasty built Fengjing on the west bank of the upper reaches of Fengshui River in Chang'an County, southwest of present-day Xi'an City, and moved his subjects here from Qishan Zhouyuan. Another year, Jifa (King Wu of Zhou), the son of Ming Dynasty, built Haojing on the east bank of Feng River. The latter is the political center, and the former is the religious and cultural center, collectively called "Zongzhou". It was the beginning of the construction of Xi'an. After King Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty, he made Fenghao the capital, which was the beginning of Xi'an as the capital. About 300 years ago in the 12th Dynasty of the Western Zhou Dynasty, he died at the hands of Quanrong in 771 BC. ?
Chinese riots (government and administration)
Chinese riots (government and administration) King Li of the Western Zhou Dynasty was very cruel and destroyed the mountains and forests that the people (civilians) could freely use Sichuan Ze was nationalized and was prohibited from being used by Chinese people. The Chinese people were strongly dissatisfied with this, angrily condemned it, and made an uproar. King Zhou Li then ordered the witches of the Wei Kingdom to monitor the people of the country. In 841 BC, a Chinese uprising finally broke out. The people of the country rushed into the palace, and King Li fled in panic and fled to Zhi (now Huozhou City, Shanxi). After King Li fled for pig breeding, the government was managed by Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong, which was called "government and administration" in history. The first year of the Communist Party of China, 841 BC, is the beginning of China's exact uninterrupted chronology. ?
Qin moved its capital to Yueyang
Qin moved its capital to Yueyang In the second year of Qin Xiangong (383 BC), the capital was moved from Yongcheng (today's Fengxiang, Baoji City) to Yueyang (today's Xi'an) Wutun Township, Yanliang District, City). In 356 BC, Shang Yang presided over the reform here. In 349 BC, Duke Xiao of Qin moved the capital from here to Xianyang. ?
Qin Jian Afang Palace
Qin Jian Afang Palace After Qin Shihuang unified the country, he built a large-scale annex to the palace. In the thirty-fifth year of the First Emperor (212 BC), the construction of the imperial palace in Shanglin Garden south of the Wei River began. Due to the large scale of the project, only the front hall and other buildings were built during the reign of the First Emperor. The front hall of Epang Palace is five hundred paces from east to west and fifty feet from north to south. It can accommodate ten thousand people. There is a "Pavilion Road" built around it, reaching Zhongnan Mountain in the south and crossing the Wei River in the north to connect with Xianyang. Qin Shihuang also collected weapons from all over the world and cast them into twelve golden figures (bronze figures) to stand in front of the palace. There are walls built on the east, west and north sides of the front hall, which are called "A City". After the death of the First Emperor, Hu Hai, the second generation, continued this huge project that wasted money and people, and it was not completed until the death of Qin. After Xiang Yu entered Guanzhong, he burned it. ?
Hongmen Banquet
Hongmen Banquet In 206 BC, Xiang Yu defeated the Qin army at Hanguguan (now northeast of Lingbao City, Henan) and stationed in Hongmen (now northeast of Lintong District). Previously, Liu Bang had entered Guanzhong from Wuguan (in today's Lantian County), accepted the surrender of Prince Qin Ying, and garrisoned Bashang (in today's Baqiao District, east of Xi'an City). According to the original agreement between King Huai of Chu and the two of them, Liu Bang should regard the first entrant as the king of Guanzhong. However, considering Xiang Yu's arrogance and power, Liu Bang had no choice but to be invited to visit Xiang Yu. During the banquet, Xiang Yu's adviser Fan Zeng asked Xiang Yu several times to kill Liu Bang, but Xiang Yu refused to listen. Fan Zeng also ordered his general Xiang Zhuang to dance with his sword in front of the banquet, in the name of adding to the fun, and took the opportunity to assassinate Liu Bang, but failed. Liu Bang escaped with the help of Zhang Liang and Fan Kuai and fled back to Bashang. This was the turning point in the Chu-Han War. After that, Liu Bang worked hard and finally defeated Xiang Yu; Xiang Yu also suffered the consequences for "letting the tiger return to the mountain". ?
Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty established his capital in Chang'an
In May of the sixth year of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty (201 BC), Liu Bang settled in Luoyang after defeating Xiang Yu. Lou Jing, Zhang Liang and others believed that Guanzhong was a beautiful place with a large population and rich products, so they suggested building Guanzhong as the capital. Liu Bang immediately adopted this suggestion and moved the capital to Yueyang (now Wutun Township, Yanliang District). The following year, the capital was moved from Liyang to Chang'an. In the 208th year of the 12th generation of the Western Han Dynasty, he died in Xinmang in 8 AD. ?
The Western Han Dynasty built Chang'an City
The Western Han Dynasty built Chang'an City. In the fifth year of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), the Western Han Dynasty began to build Chang'an City. Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty ordered Prime Minister Xiao He to take charge of the construction project. Changle Palace (Imperial Palace) was built on the basis of Qin Xingle Palace, and Weiyang Palace was built on the basis of Qin Zhangtai. During the reign of Emperor Hui, more than 300,000 people from Jingzhao, Fengyi and Fufeng counties were mobilized twice to build the city wall, which took 4 years to complete. Seoul is an irregular square shape. The south looks like the South Dipper and the north looks like the Big Dipper, so it is called "Doucheng". Among the palace offices and residential areas in the city, there are nine main streets that connect each other in longitude and latitude. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Guigong, Beigong, Mingguang Palace and Jianzhang Palace were built, Shanglin Garden was opened in the west of the city, and Kunming Pool was excavated. At that time, Chang'an covered an area of ??36 square kilometers and was the largest city in the world.
After the Han Dynasty, Chang'an City was repeatedly destroyed and repaired. It served as the capital of Xinmang, Eastern Han (Emperor Xian), Former Zhao, Former Qin, Western Jin (Emperor Min), Later Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou and Sui Dynasties. The Sui Dynasty built Daxing City The back circle was within the palace garden and was abandoned after the Song Dynasty. ?
Zhang Qian opened the Silk Road to the Western Regions
Zhang Qian opened the Silk Road to the Western Regions In the third year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (138 BC), Zhang Qian was recruited to set out from Chang'an as an envoy to the Western Regions. Looking for the Dayue clan who were expelled by the Xiongnu and moved westward to contain the Xiongnu. In the third year of Yuanshuo (126 BC), Zhang Qian returned to Chang'an from Dayuezhi (now northern Afghanistan). In 119 BC, Zhang Qian made his second mission to the Western Regions. In 115 BC, he accompanied dozens of envoys from Wusun (an ancient tribe in the Ili River in Xinjiang and Lake Issyk-Kul in Central Asia) back to Chang'an and worshiped him as Daxing. The 7,000-kilometer "Silk Road" from Chang'an to the east coast of the Mediterranean was opened and became a channel for economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. It had a profound impact on cultural exchanges between China and the West. ?
The establishment of Chang'an Imperial College
In the fifth year of Yuanshuo (124 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Gongsun Hong and others approved the establishment of Imperial College. He was a doctor of the Five Classics (i.e. teacher). ) set up 50 disciples and built the Imperial College building outside Nan'anmen of Chang'an City (today's north of Datumen in Lianhu District). This was the earliest national highest institution of higher learning in China. ?
Xin Mang made his capital Chang'an
Xin Mang made his capital Chang'an. new. In the first month of the following year, Chang'an was renamed Chang'an. ?
Liu Xuan proclaimed himself emperor
In the fourth year of the Xindi Emperor (23rd), when Liu Xuan proclaimed himself emperor, the generals of the Green Forest Army supported Liu Xuan, a descendant of the Western Han Dynasty clan and a large landowner in Nanyang, Henan, as emperor. The country was named "Han" and the year was named "Gengshi". In 24 AD, the reform government agencies moved from Luoyang to Chang'an. In the third year of Gengshi (25 AD), Liu Xuan was strangled by the Red Eyebrow Army. ?
Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty moved the capital to Chang'an
Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty moved the capital to Chang'an. In the first month of the first year of Chuping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (190), Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu raised troops from the Bohai Sea, mobilized the prefectures and counties in the Kanto region, organized a coalition, and launched a campaign. Dong Zhuo. Under the threat of being attacked from both sides by the allied forces of the Kwantung states and the Yellow Turban Army, Dong Zhuo killed King Hongnong (young emperor Liu Bian) and forced Emperor Xian to move the capital to Chang'an. Before leaving, he burned down Luoyang palaces, government offices, and civilian residences, and drove the people on foot and horse to move westward to Chang'an. ?
Emperor Min of the Western Jin Dynasty ascended the throne in Chang'an
Emperor Min of the Western Jin Dynasty ascended the throne of Chang'an In April of the first year of Jianxing of the Jin Dynasty (313), Crown Prince Sima Ye ascended the throne in Chang'an and became Emperor Min of the Jin Dynasty. In the fourth year of Jianxing (316), Emperor Min was killed by Liu Yao, and the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed. ?
Liu Yao moved the capital to Chang'an
In April of the second year of Zhao Guangchu (319) before Liu Yao moved the capital to Chang'an, the Huns Liu Yao moved his capital to Chang'an from Puzi (now Xi County, Shanxi). In June, the country's name was changed to Zhao, and it was called Qian Zhao in history. In the second year of Taihe of Hou Zhao (329), he was destroyed by Shi Le from Jie. ?
The former Qin established its capital in Chang'an
The former Qin established its capital in Chang'an. In the first year of the first year of the former Qin emperor's reign (351), Fu Jian, a member of the Di tribe, proclaimed himself the king of heaven in Chang'an, and his country was named Da Qin. It is called the former Qin in history. In the first year of Jianchu of the Later Qin Dynasty (386), it was destroyed by Yao Chang, which lasted 35 years. ?
Later Qin established its capital in Chang'an
Later Qin established its capital in Chang'an. In February of the first year of the founding of Later Qin (386), Qiang Yao Chang ascended the throne as emperor in Chang'an, and his country was named Daqin. It is called the Later Qin. Chang'an was renamed Chang'an. It perished in the second year of Yonghe (417), which lasted 31 years. ?
Helian Bobo proclaimed himself emperor in Chang'an
Helian Bobo proclaimed himself emperor in Chang'an. In November of the fourteenth year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (418), Helian Bobo, a Xiongnu tribesman, entered Chang'an. In December, he became emperor in Bashang. The next year, he returned to Tongwan City and took Chang'an as the south platform, guarded by his son Helian Wanggui. ?
The capital of the Western Wei Dynasty was Chang'an
The capital of the Western Wei Dynasty was Chang'an. In the leap twelfth month of the third year of Yongxi in the Northern Wei Dynasty (534), the prime minister Yuwentai poisoned Emperor Xiaowu. The following year, Yuan Baoju, a member of the Xianbei tribe and king of Nanyang, was made emperor. He was Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty and his capital was Chang'an. It fell in 557 AD and lasted 23 years. ?
The Northern Zhou Dynasty established its capital in Chang'an.
The Northern Zhou Dynasty established its capital in Chang'an. In the first month of the first year of Emperor Min of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (557), Yuwen Jue, the son of Yu Wentai, proclaimed himself the King of Heaven in Chang'an on behalf of the Western Wei Dynasty, and changed the name of the country to Zhou. He was Emperor Xiaomin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the second year of Xiangxiang (580), Yang Jian was called Sui Dynasty by Zen, which lasted 23 years.
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The Sui Dynasty established its capital in Chang'an
In the second year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (580), the Sui Dynasty established its capital in Chang'an. In the Sui Dynasty, Chang'an was the capital. ?
The Sui Dynasty built the Daxing City
The Sui Dynasty built the Daxing City. Moreover, the palace was small and could not meet the needs of the newly unified national capital. In addition, urban sewage has accumulated over hundreds of years, making it difficult to discharge, and the supply of drinking water has also become a problem. Therefore, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty abandoned the old Chang'an City north of Longshouyuan and chose a new site southeast of Han Chang'an City south of Longshouyuan. In the first month of the second year of Kaihuang (582), Yu Wenkai was ordered to be responsible for the design and construction of the new city - Daxing City, which was completed in March of the following year. Referring to the city of Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the southern city of Yedu in the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties, Yu Wenkai regarded the six high slopes south of Longshouyuan as the six lines of Qian, and used this as the core as the geographical basis for the overall planning of Chang'an City. The "Six Slopes" are the skeleton of Daxing City. The royal palace, government agencies and temples are all high above, in sharp contrast to the general residential areas. In the lowlands between Ganghara, except for residential areas, canals were dug to divert water, and lakes were dug to increase the city's water area. Daxing City makes full use of the advantages of the terrain to increase the three-dimensional space and appear more majestic. The layout of Daxing City is uniform and rectangular in shape. The whole city consists of three parts: the palace city, the imperial city, and the outer city. It adopts an east-west symmetrical layout. The outer city area accounts for about 88.8% of the total area of ??the city. The substantial expansion of residential areas is a major feature of the overall architectural design of Daxing City. ?
Establishment of the imperial examination system
Instituting the imperial examination system In the 18th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (598), Emperor Wen ordered officials of the fifth rank or above in the capital to be in charge of the governor, to be honest and honest, and to be honest and honest. Ji Er imperial examination candidate. In the third year of Daye (607), Emperor Yang issued an edict to examine scholars in ten imperial examinations, marking the establishment of the imperial examination system. The Tang Dynasty further improved the imperial examination system, which was divided into two types: regular examination and institutional examination. The regular exams are held every year and include eight subjects: scholar, Mingjing, Jinshi, Mingfa, Mingshu, Mingsuan, and Tongzi. The system exams are selected by the emperor according to his own needs, including clear diction, erudition, and martial arts. The subjects of border security, military planning and superiority, and talents that are not high enough. ?
Li Yuan rebelled against the Sui Dynasty and proclaimed himself the emperor and made his capital Chang'an
Li Yuan rebelled against the Sui Dynasty and proclaimed himself the emperor and made his capital Chang'an. Sui. His son Li Shimin occupied Guanzhong and Weibei, and his younger brother Li Shentong and his daughter Princess Pingyang raised troops in Jinhu County and occupied Zhouzhi and other counties. His son-in-law Duan Lun raised troops in Lantian to respond. In November, he conquered Daxing City and established Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Sun Yang You, as Emperor Gong of the Sui Dynasty. He became the prime minister and became the king of Tang Dynasty. The following year, he proclaimed himself emperor in the Taiji Hall of Daxing City and established the Tang Dynasty. ?
The Tang Dynasty built Chang'an City
The Tang Dynasty built Chang'an City. After the Tang Dynasty established Chang'an as its capital, Daxing City was changed to Chang'an City in the Sui Dynasty, and additional repairs and expansions were carried out. In the eighth year of Emperor Taizong's reign (634), the Daming Palace was built on the Longshou Plain in the northeast of the original Waiguo City. In the fifth year of Emperor Yonghui's reign (654), Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty renovated the outer wall twice and built tall towers on the nine city gates on the east, west and south sides. In the second year of Longshuo (662), Emperor Gaozong ordered a large-scale expansion of the Daming Palace. In the second year of Kaiyuan (714) by Li Longji, Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Xingqing Palace was built in Longqingfang inside Chunming Gate to the east of Waiguo City. In addition, Tang Xuanzong and Xianzong built three parallel sections outside the east and north walls of Waiguo City in the fourteenth year of Kaiyuan (726), the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan (736) and the twelfth year of Yuanhe (817) respectively. The city wall is called "Jiacheng". ?
Wang Xiaotong wrote "Ji Gu Suan Jing"
Wang Xiaotong wrote "Ji Gu Suan Jing" In May of the eighth year of Tang Wude (625), Wang Xiaotong wrote "Ji Gu Suan Jing" in Chang'an This is the earliest existing work on solving cubic equations in China. ?
The first batch of Japanese envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty arrived in Chang'an
The first batch of Japanese envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty arrived in Chang'an. In November of the fifth year of Tang Zhenguan (631), Emperor Shumei of Japan sent dogs to The first batch of envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty arrived in Chang'an City, with Yutian Pai as the ambassador and pharmacist Hui Ri as the deputy envoy. After that, in the 264 years until the first year of Qianning (894) of Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty, the Japanese Empire sent 13 missions to the Tang Dynasty. ?
Princess Wencheng entered Tibet
In the 14th year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (640), Princess Wencheng entered Tibet. Tubo Zanpu Songtsen Gampo sent Prime Minister Ludongzan to Chang'an with 5,000 gold. 2. Hundreds of treasures were given as betrothal gifts to request marriage. Taizong took the clan daughter as Princess Wencheng and betrothed Songtsen Gampo. Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet enabled the highly developed culture and production technology of the Han people to be imported into Tibet.
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Xuan Zang's "The Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" written by Xuanzang from Tianzhu
Xuan Zang's common name is Chen? At the age of 13, he was admitted as a monk by the Sui Dynasty. At the age of 15, he followed his brother to Chang'an. Later, I visited famous teachers again and again. At the age of 25, he returned to Chang'an and became a rising star in Buddhism. He is proficient in the Sutra Collection, the Vinaya Collection and the Commentary Collection, and is known as the "Master Tripitaka". He found that the theories of various teachers had their own origins, but they were implicitly and explicitly different, and he did not know where to follow them. So he decided to go to India to learn Buddhist scriptures and requested to travel westward, but was rejected by the court. Xuanzang was unyielding and resolutely left Chang'an privately in the third year of Zhenguan (629) at the age of 28. Xuanzang left Yumen Pass from Liangzhou and risked his life to go abroad along the Silk Road. He went through many hardships and narrow escapes on the way, but he was indomitable. It took him 4 years and traveled through dozens of countries before finally arriving at the Nalanda Temple in Tianzhu (now India). Xuanzang studied hard here for 5 years and became a first-class scholar. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), he returned to Chang'an with 657 scriptures and was welcomed by hundreds of thousands of people in Chang'an. After that, Xuanzang successively translated scriptures and preached in the Hongfu, Ci'en, and Ximing temples in Chang'an, and founded the Consciousness-Wei Sect. With the help of Prime Minister Fang Xuanling, he selected 20 eminent monks from all over the country to participate in the translation of scriptures. This lasted 19 years and translated 74 scriptures, 1,335 volumes, and 13 million words. He was unprecedented in the history of Chinese scripture translation and became the three major translators of ancient Buddhism. one. Xuanzang also gave an oral account of his experiences during his journey to the West, which was recorded by his disciple Bianji and compiled into the 12-volume "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty", which records the situations of 110 countries he personally experienced and the conditions of 28 countries he heard about. It is an important part of the study of India, Nepal, Pakistan, Central Asia and ancient northwest China. This important historical document has been translated into many languages ??and has become a widely circulated and immortal masterpiece in the world. Xuanzang's deeds were widely circulated among the people. Wu Cheng'en of the Ming Dynasty wrote the famous chapter novel "Journey to the West" according to legend, and Xuanzang (Tang Monk) became a household name in China. ?
The "New Materia Medica" was promulgated.
The "New Materia Medica" was promulgated. In the fourth year of Emperor Xianqing of the Tang Dynasty (659), the Tang court promulgated the "New Materia Medica" compiled by Su Jing and others. Contains 850 kinds of medicines. This is the world's earliest national pharmacopoeia. ?
Liu Zhiji wrote "Shi Tong"
Liu Zhiji wrote "Shi Tong" In the fourth year of Emperor Jinglong of the Tang Dynasty (710), the historian Liu Zhiji wrote "Shi Tong" "20 volumes were completed in Chang'an. This is China's first historical commentary monograph. ?
The monks actually measured the meridian and formulated the "Dayan Calendar"
The monks measured the meridian and formulated the "Dayan Calendar" Starting from the 13th year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty (725), the monks (Zhang Sui) led a scientific expedition team to measure the latitude of Huazhou Baima (Hua County), Bianzhou Taiyuetai (Kaifeng City), Xuzhou Fugou (Fugou County), and Yuzhou Shangcai Wujinguan (Shangcai County). It is concluded that the meridian is 351?27 Tangli. In the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan (727), Monk Yixing compiled the "Dayan Calendar", which corrected many errors in the previous calendars and became the master of the calendars of this period. ?
The Anshi rebels captured Chang'an
The Anshi rebels captured Chang'an In the first year of Tang Suzong's reign (756), the Anlushan rebels invaded Chang'an, looting property and killing people. The city of Chang'an was destroyed. The following year, Tang generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi led their troops to regain Chang'an with the help of Uighurs. ?
Du You wrote "Tongdian"
Du You wrote "Tongdian" In the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (801), Emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty, Prime Minister Du You wrote 200 volumes of "Tongdian" and it was completed in Chang'an. It is the first specialized history of China that records the evolution of the laws and regulations of the past dynasties. ?
Jia Pei painted the "Picture of Chinese and Barbarians in the Sea"
Jia Pei painted the "Picture of the Chinese and Barbarians in the Sea". In the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (801), Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, Prime Minister Jia Pei painted it in Chang'an. "Pictures of Chinese and Barbarians in China". Using 100 miles and 1 inch to create a square, red and ink are used to mark ancient and modern place names, setting a precedent for the evolution of map making in China. ?
The Incident of Two Kings and Eight Sima
The Incident of Two Kings and Eight Sima In the first year of Yongzhen reign of Emperor Shunzong of Tang Dynasty (805), Wang Shuwen and Wang Qianpi came to power, reformed the government, appointed Wei Zhiyi, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Ling Zhun, Cheng Yi, Han Ye, Han Tai, Chen Jian, etc. This innovation lasted for 146 days and ended in failure. Wang Qianpi and Wang Shuwen were killed. Liu Zongyuan and other eight people were demoted to Sima from distant states, and were called "Eight Sima" at that time. ?
Li Jifu wrote "Yuanhe County Map Chronicles"
Li Jifu wrote "Yuanhe County Map Chronicles" In the eighth year of Yuanhe (813), Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, Prime Minister Li Jifu wrote "Yuanhe County Chronicles" The Map of Counties and Counties was written in Chang'an and is the earliest extant and relatively complete national geographical general record in China.
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Huang Chao captured Chang'an
Huang Chao captured Chang'an In December of the first year of Guangming reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty (880), Huang Chao's rebel army captured Chang'an. Huang Chao became the emperor in the Hanyuan Hall of Daming Palace, and the country's name was Daqi, which was changed to Yuan Jintong. In the third year of Zhonghe (883), Huang Chao withdrew from Chang'an. ?
The city of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty was destroyed and Han Jian built a new city.
The city of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty was destroyed and Han Jian built a new city. Since the Anshi rebels captured Chang'an, Chang'an has been destroyed several times in succession. In the first month of the first year of Emperor Zhaozong's reign (904), Zhu Wen (Quanzhong), the Jiedu envoy of the four towns of Xuanwu, Xuanyi, Tianping, and Huguo, hijacked Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty and moved the capital to Luoyang, and destroyed palaces and residences in Chang'an. At this point, Chang'an City suffered devastating damage. Han Jian, the governor of the Youguo Army who stayed in Xijing, gave up the original outer city and palace city for defense reasons, and only rebuilt the sub-city (imperial city) into a "new city". It is 2820 meters long from east to west, 1843 meters wide from north to south, has a circumference of 9.2 kilometers and an area of ??5.2 square kilometers. ?
Song Minqiu wrote "Ch'ang'an Zhi"
Song Minqiu wrote "Chang'an Zhi" In the ninth year of Xining, Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1076), Song Minqiu wrote "Chang'an Zhi" in 20 volumes. This book examines the historical sites and records the Guocheng and Fangshi in Chang'an in great detail during the Tang Dynasty. It is an important local document. ?
Lü Dafang drew the "Chang'an Map"
Lü Dafang drew the "Chang'an Map" In May of the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Lü Dafang learned about Yongxing's military affairs. The "Chang'an Map" drawn by him was engraved into a stone tablet and is the earliest existing city plan in China. ?
The Creation of the Forest of Steles in Xi'an
The Creation of the Forest of Steles in Xi'an During the Kaicheng period of the Tang Dynasty, the imperial court revised and engraved 12 Confucian classics on stone as the standard version for scholars to take the imperial examination, which was called "Kaicheng Stone". through". It was abandoned after the death of Tang Dynasty. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1087) of Emperor Zhezong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Lu Dazhong, the water transport ambassador, moved the "Kaicheng Stone Classic" from the southwest corner of Shangshu Province of the Tang Dynasty (today's Bell and Drum Tower Square) to the north of Chang'an Mansion School for the purpose of preservation. That is where the Forest of Steles in Xi'an is today. ?
Luo Tianxiang compiled "Leibian Chang'an Chronicles"
Luo Tianxiang compiled "Leibian Chang'an Chronicles" In the second year of Yuanzhen (1296), Yuan Chengzong, Luo Tianxiang used Song Minqiu's "Chang'an Chronicles" " as the base, supplemented with Jin and Yuan materials, and compiled into 10 volumes of "Chang'an Chronicles" divided into 30 categories. ?
The Anxi Palace of the Yuan Dynasty
In the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1272), Kublai Khan made his third son Ma Gelu the King of Anxi and guarded Guanzhong. Control Sichuan and Shaanxi. In the 16th year (1279), Jingzhao Mansion was renamed Anxi Road. The Prince's Palace of Anxi was built in Urduo, northeast of today's Xi'an city. It was destroyed at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and its remains are still there. ?
Li Haowen compiled "Chang'an Chronicles"
Li Haowen compiled "Chang'an Chronicles" in the Yuan Dynasty, and Li Haowen compiled 3 volumes of "Chang'an Chronicles". The first volume contains pictures of city palaces and squares in the Han and Tang Dynasties, based on the "Chang'an City Map" written by Lu Dafang of the Song Dynasty as a blueprint, and corrected its errors; the middle volume contains pictures of ancient sites and mausoleums, based on the "Magnificent Map of the Traveling Masters of the Song Dynasty"; the second volume is "Illustrated Commentary on Jingqu Canal" and 18 articles on illustrated journals. Later generations combined "Chang'an Illustrations" with Song Minqiu's "Chang'an Chronicles" and renamed it "Chang'an Chronicles". ?
The City of Xi'an was built in the Ming Dynasty
The City of Xi'an was built in the Ming Dynasty. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, in the second year of Hongwu (1369), Fengyuan Road was renamed Xi'an Prefecture, and "Xi'an" got its name from this; Zhu Yuanzhang also named his second son Zhu Mushuang the King of Qin, stationed in Xi'an, and built the Qin Palace in the northeast of the city (today's provincial government area). Since the original city wall was relatively small and dilapidated, in order to protect the Qin Prince's Mansion in the city and occupy a favorable terrain for defense, the Ming court began to build Xi'an City in the third year of Hongwu (1370), extending the east wall to the east by nearly Kilometers, extending the north city wall five to six hundred meters to the north. The city wall is three feet high and four feet seven feet thick. It is entirely made of loess rammed in layers, with each layer being 8 to 12 centimeters thick. The city wall has a circumference of about 14 kilometers and an area of ??11.5 square kilometers. The city has four gates: Changle Gate in the east, Ding Gate in the west, Yongning Gate in the south, and Anyuan Gate in the north. Each city gate has three towers, namely the main tower, the arrow tower and the Qiao tower. There are turrets at the four corners and 98 battlements on the surrounding wall. The city is equipped with climbing facilities. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, the Xi'an city wall underwent several repairs. In the second year of Longqing (1568), Zhang Zhi, governor of Shaanxi Province, built a layer of blue bricks on the outer wall and top of the city wall. In the ninth year of Chongzhen (1363), Sun Chuanting, the governor of Shaanxi, built additional Siguo City at the four gates outside the city gate.
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Jiajing Earthquake
Jiajing Earthquake On December 12, the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing (January 23, 1556), there was a huge earthquake in the middle of the night. Almost all the houses in Xi'an collapsed. Half, about 1/3 of the dead. The top of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda fell. There are 40 broken pieces in the "Kaicheng Stone Sutra" in the Forest of Steles. ?
Guanzhong Academy was founded
Guanzhong Academy was founded in the thirty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1609). Partition), the Xiaoxi Garden in the east of Baoqing Temple was rebuilt into Guanzhong Academy (on the east side of the Academy Gate Street inside the south gate of Xi'an City today). Feng Congwu, the minister of the Ministry of Industry and a famous scholar in Neo-Confucianism, who resigned from office and returned home, presided over the lectures. At that time, young people from Sichuan, Gansu, Henan, Shanxi and other places came to study as teachers. ?
Li Zicheng captured Xi'an City
Li Zicheng captured Xi'an City In the 16th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1643), Li Zicheng captured Xi'an City and changed Xi'an Prefecture to Chang'an Prefecture, called Xijing. Founding the Republic of Dashun, he called himself King Dashun, and his reign name was Yongchang. Withdrew from Xijing the following year. ?
Establishment of Xi'an Machinery Bureau
Establishment of Xi'an Machinery Bureau In 1869, Zuo Zongtang, the imperial minister supervising the military affairs of Shaanxi and Gansu, founded Xi'an Machinery Bureau in Xi'an to produce foreign guns, bullets and gunpowder. This is the earliest modern industry in Xi'an. ?
Founded a school
Founded a school In 1905, Li Shaofen, the governor of Shaanxi Province, changed the original Shaanxi University Hall, which was established on the basis of Xianning, Chang'an and Chonghua academies, into Shaanxi Higher Education. School. In 1906, the original Shaoxu Academy (Xiguan Feng Gong Temple, now the site of Xi'an No. 42 Middle School) was changed into Chang'an County Higher Elementary School. ?
The Founding of the Yi Su Society
The Founding of the Yi Su Society On August 13, 1912, Li Tongxuan, the editor-in-chief of the Shaanxi Provincial History Bureau, and Sun Renyu, the editor of the Shaanxi Provincial History Bureau, attended the Shizi Primary School in Tudi Temple (later Moved to Wumiao Street (now Xiyi 1st Road) and established the Yisu Ling Academy (later known as the Yisu Society), recruiting students to rehearse new Qin Opera plays, carrying out drama reforms, and advocating new social trends. While Lu Xun was lecturing at Northwest University in the summer of 1924, he watched the Yisu Society's performances five times, praised the performance, and personally inscribed a plaque with "Ancient Diao Duo Tan" as a gift. After the lecture, he donated part of his lecture fees to Yisu Society to support its reform of Qin Opera. In the 37 years of the Republic of China, Yisu Society recruited 13 students, and nearly 600 graduated or dropped out. Liu Zhensu, Liu Dimin, Wang Tianmin, Song Shanghua, Ma Pingmin, Su Fumin, Liu Yuzhong, Geng Shanmin, Shen Hezhong and Wang Bingzhong are the outstanding ones. During this period, professional screenwriters and outside writers wrote more than 600 scripts, large and small. Li Tongxuan, Sun Renyu, Fan Zidong, Li Yuozhi, Gao Peizhi, and Lu Nanzhong, who successively served as the main leaders of Yisu Society, wrote more than half of the scripts. . After 1949, Yisu Society has undergone new changes and development. It is still the most influential opera group in the northwest region, and its longevity is rare in the world. ?
Northwestern University was founded
Northwestern University was founded. In March 1912, Shaanxi Governor Zhang Fengsui invited Gansu (including Ningxia and Qinghai today) and Xinjiang to cooperate and merge Shaanxi. Higher School, Shaanxi Agricultural School, Shaanxi Law and Politics School, and Northwest University were founded in Xi'an, with Qian Hongjun as president. Northwest University is the earliest institution of higher learning in northwest China. It was converted into a national university in 1924 and is now a national key university. ?
Lu Xun came to Xi'an to give lectures
Lu Xun came to Xi'an to give lectures During the summer vacation of 1924, Lu Xun came to Xi'an to give lectures at the invitation of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education and Northwest University. From July 21st to 29th, Lu Xun lectured on "The Historical Changes of Chinese Novels" to the students of the summer school. The lectures were recorded and compiled by Northwest University and reviewed by Lu Xun himself, and then included in the "Summer School Jointly Organized by National Northwest University and Shaanxi Department of Education" Lecture Collection" Episode 2. In 1994, Northwest University erected a stone statue of Lu Xun in front of Shaw Building to commemorate this lecture. ?
Longhai Railway opened to Xi'an
Longhai Railway opened to Xi'an On December 27, 1934, China's largest east-west trunk railway line, Longhai Railway, laid track to Xi'an. Successfully opened to traffic. Xi'an has since developed into a railway transportation hub in the northwest region. ?
Xi'an Incident
Xi'an Incident In 1936, Japanese imperialism continued to expand its aggression against China. Chiang Kai-shek insisted on the policy of "reconciling foreign affairs before settling the country at home" and continued the civil war.
The Northeast Army headed by Zhang Xueliang and the Seventeenth Route Army headed by Yang Hucheng achieved a truce with the Red Army due to the influence of the Communist Party of China's anti-Japanese national united front policy and the popular anti-Japanese movement. In early December, Chiang Kai-shek went to Xi'an to supervise the war and forced Zhang and Yang to attack the Red Army. Zhang and Yang persuaded Chiang Kai-shek to stop the civil war and unite against Japan, but were reprimanded by Chiang. In the early morning of the 12th, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched the Xi'an Incident, detained Chiang Kai-shek in Huaqingchi, Lintong, and implemented "military remonstrance." Immediately, Zhang and Yang issued a briefing on the current situation and put forward eight proposals for resisting Japan and saving the country. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Zhou Enlai as plenipotentiary to Xi'an to mediate and win over Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan. After negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to agree to resist Japan. On the 25th, Chiang Kai-shek was released and flew back to Nanjing accompanied by Zhang Xueliang. The Xi'an Incident was peacefully resolved. The Xi'an Incident was an important turning point in China's modern history. ?
The Xi'an Municipal People's Government was established
The Xi'an Municipal People's Government was established. In May 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered Xi'an. On the 25th, the Xi'an People's Government was established and Jia Tuofu was appointed mayor. ?
Construction of Xi'an Industrial Base
Construction of Xi'an Industrial Base After 1949, Xi'an was identified as one of the key cities for construction in the country. During the first "Five-Year Plan" (1953-1957), Xi'an focused on developing industry, with investment in industrial infrastructure accounting for 62-91% of the total investment. Among the 156 national "First Five-Year Plan" key construction projects, there are 17 in Xi'an, such as Xi'an Cotton Textile Factory No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, Baqiao Thermal Power Plant, Huanghe Machinery Factory, Qinchuan Machinery Factory, Xi'an Instrument Factory, Xi'an Aircraft Manufacturing Company, Qing'an Company, etc. have promoted the development of Xi'an's economy. The construction of the industrial base will form the Electrical City in the west of the ancient city of Xi'an, Hansenzhai Machinery City and Baqiao Textile City in the east of the ancient city, and an aircraft city in Yanliang, Weibin. The rapid expansion of urban areas objectively exceeds Xi'an's carrying capacity, leaving hidden dangers for Xi'an's sustainable development. ?
Jiaotong University moved to Xi'an
Jiaotong University moved to Xi'an In 1955, the State Council decided to move Jiaotong University from Shanghai to Xi'an. Enrollment began in Xi'an in 1956, and the relocation stopped in 1957. Most of the departments, teachers, books, materials and experimental equipment that were moved to Xi'an belonged to the Xi'an part of Jiaotong University, while those that stayed in Shanghai were from the Shanghai part of Jiaotong University. In 1959, the Xi'an part and the Shanghai part of Jiaotong University were established independently, and the Xi'an part was named Xi'an Jiaotong University. ?
Banpo Museum was completed and opened
Banpo Museum was completed and opened on September 2, 1956. China’s first Neolithic museum is located in the north of Banpo Village on the east bank of the Xuchan River in the eastern suburbs. The Banpo Heritage Museum, a matrilineal clan commune ruins museum of the era, started construction and was completed and opened on April 1, 1958. Guo Moruo named the "Banpo Site". ?
Discovery of "Lantian ape-man"
Discovery of "Lantian ape-man" On May 23, 1964, archaeologists from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, visited Lantian County Park. A basically complete skull fossil of a middle-aged female ape-man was discovered in Wangling. It belongs to the early Paleolithic Age about 1 million years ago and is named "Lantian Chinese Ape Man". ?
The discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Emperor of Qin
The discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Emperor of Qin On March 29, 1974, Yang Zhifa, a farmer from the Xiyang Production Team of Yanzhai Commune, Lintong County, and others were digging 1.5 kilometers east of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin. While digging the well, the discovery of terracotta warriors and horses attracted the attention of the cultural relics and archeology circles. Later, after excavation and research, they were confirmed to be the terracotta warriors and horses of the Qin Dynasty. ?
The Xi'an-Lintong Expressway was completed
The Xi'an-Lintong Expressway was completed. On December 28, 1990, the first expressway in western China - Xi (an) Lintong ( Tong) Expressway was completed and opened to traffic. The total length is more than 30 kilometers. ?
The Fifth World Conference on Historical Cities
The Fifth World Conference on Historical Cities was held from September 10 to 12, 1996 at the Ancient Capital Hotel in Xi'an held. Vice Premier Qian Qichen delivered a speech at the opening ceremony on behalf of the Chinese government. The conference was themed "Revitalization of Historic Cities" and was attended by mayors or mayoral representatives from more than 70 cities, including Kyoto, Paris, Moscow, and Baghdad. At the end of the meeting, the "World Historical Cities Alliance" was established, and Xi'an was elected as the vice-president city of the Alliance. "Dictionary of Chinese Historical and Cultural Cities" is a funded project of this conference.