The Bai folk dance (including folk activities), usually in three specific circumstances: Bai folk festivals are many, in addition to the same traditional festivals with the Han Chinese, there are unique to the nation's main festival, the March Street, Torch Festival, worship February, Shibaoshan song will be more than twenty. Almost every month there will be "White Crane Dance", "Deer and Crane with Spring", "Phoenix catching the unicorn", "play the cow", "play horse", "play knife" and other folk dances and folk activities are carried out in these national festivals.
The first month of spring, the white language called "take Zhewa Zhigao". Circulated in eryuan phoenix feather township.
The origin of the first month of spring, according to the village of BaoDaYi old artist LiShaoGu and other people's introduction, is the Ming WanLi years, by the Lake GuangYiZhang county governor of BaoDaYiZhang people ZhangDaGuan, will be there to see "welcome the god will" bring back, blended into the local folk customs and the formation of the. There is also a saying that the parents of babies born in the first month of the year are punished: the babies born in the first month of the year should be projected to be the first year of the rice planting season, and the rural areas require that during the mango season, the young and strong laborers should be fully committed to planting rice seedlings, and do not go against the agricultural time, so we have to punish those who do not abide by the rules of the countryside and folk customs.
Haunted spring king of the first month is generally held in the first month of the lunar calendar from 14 to 18 days. The location is often chosen in the village square. Before the event, by the village people report themselves to play the role of roles, the role of the hall officer, deputy officer, carrying a bow and arrow, there are pass cards, yamen, a long, fishermen, woodcutters, plowing, reading, workers, merchants, mute, mute women, playing Lotus Flower Drops, teachers, fortune-tellers, God, Jaeger, Jaeger, and the first month of the road - "offending the Spring King", counting about 300 people. Among them, the female role, mostly by men dressed as women, each role has some simple dance movements. Before the show starts, a person dressed as a wacky and comical card-carrying person, striking a gong in his hand, walks or rides a horse to the nearby countryside and calls out, "Haunted Spring King on the first day of the month!" to attract audiences. The order of the performance, in addition to the "meet the official", "interrogation of the prisoner", "read the imperial decree" and so on a few scenes, centralized in a venue for the performance, the rest of the content and form according to the different, each occupies The whole village is divided into several venues for performances. The whole village is divided into several venues for performances or alternating performances in the same venue. The performances were interspersed with dances such as the "King's Whip" and the "Jumping God". Most of the sayings and lyrics are said in the opposite direction, or the white language harmonized words are used to make fun of the situation. When the passer will be the "prisoner" from the punished person's home to the front of the hall for interrogation, the "prisoner" confessed to the punishment, the show will enter a climax.
Haosunwang is now rare in the first month of the lunar calendar and is gradually being replaced by Tianjiale.
Lanping County, the White Na Ma people held on the eighth to fifteenth day of the second month of the lunar calendar, "Cup Day to", also known as "jump February", the Chinese said February will be". Is a large collective song and dance ritual activities. Jump cups to the past, the performers should have six priests, on behalf of the six families, there are warriors (called "production of capital告")，male disguised as a woman of the Golden Palace, there are "jumping heavenly palace, break the heavenly prison" of the sky dry, there are wearing a red mask of Wu Sangui, black masks of the Ma Sanbao and fairies, fairy, fairy, and so on. The content of the program is very complicated. The content of the program is very complicated, showing the local Bai people's worship of their masters, heroes and ancestors. For example, Tianjiale, also known as "Yangsaihui", is called "Saizhi" in Bai language. Circulating in Dali, Eryuan, Jianchuan, Yunlong, Binchuan and other counties in the rural areas of rice cultivation.
Tianjiale performances are generally held in the fifth month of the lunar calendar every year, after planting rice seedlings, held in the village square. Sometimes also invited to neighboring villages to perform. Its organizers, generally by the production of skilled workers, called "rice-planting officer" and "deputy rice-planting officer". The rice-planting official is responsible for arranging all kinds of work in the rice-planting competition, and the deputy rice-planting official is responsible for the life of the rice-planting competition, keeping track of the work, and accounting for the income and expenditure.
The performance of Tianjiale is used to assigning roles within the team that organizes the event. Each county's Tianjiale has its own characteristics, but the performance program is more or less the same. The whole activity, the scene is large, many roles, up to eighty, ninety people. In addition to the rice-planting officials and deputy rice-planting officials, there are those who dress up as fishermen, woodcutters, old couples plowing the fields, mutes, mute girls, those who dress up as buffaloes, yellow cows, lazy people, farmers digging fields, teachers, people engaged in small handicrafts, as well as picking up loads of goods and so on; and there are also the girls who play the whip of the king. Before the show began, the rice-planting official wore a cap made of rice seedlings, wearing a long coat and a long shirt, riding a high horse, wearing a straw shoe on the left foot and a cloth shoe on the right foot, and was led by a horseman. A large group of people walking through the townships and villages, singing while walking, has been marching to the central square to concentrate on the performance.
Tianjiale's performance adopts the language, music, costumes and props of the Bai people. During the performance, the drums and music play [the big swinging procession], [planting rice seedlings], [the dragon swinging its tail], [the dragon going up to the sky], [bees crossing the river] and other Zona songs. Folk dances such as the whip of the king, the crane dance, the running horse, the dry boat, the clam dance and other folk dances are interspersed and performed around the square. Playing a variety of agricultural activities and performers from all walks of life, singing with the Bai "Blow Blow cavity", sung in a humorous and vivid words, the performance is exquisite, the atmosphere seems warm and cheerful. "Plowing" is one of the main content, plowing the old man's wife (male disguised as a woman), it is hilarious to see. The whole Tianjiale activities include the whole process of rice planting and insertion of labor, showing the rich connotation of the Bai farming culture, but also fully reflects the bright and optimistic character of the Bai people and the hope for a bumper crop, six animals prosper.
There is another kind of field music, which runs directly through the production of labor, such as the "open rice-planting door" activities in the Dali countryside. The opening of the rice planting door is also called "planting rice planting race", the race before the rice planting flag inserted in the field, suona drums and music played. After the race starts, the laggards are easily trapped in the rice field by the rice planting experts who insert seedlings in front and behind. At this time there are people who play suona, down to the field, with suona blowing at his back, to show urging.
Dali Tianjiale integrates labor and production with recreational activities, and as a kind of folklore activity, it is increasingly loved by the Bai people. The Bai people believe in sorcerers, Lord Ben, Taoism and Buddhism, so there are a lot of sacrificial ceremonies and religious pujas. The largest scale is the worship of the Lord. The worship of the Lord is the traditional ideology of the Bai people, and to this day, Bai villages and cottages still have the Lord's sacrificial activities. In the welcome or worship of the Lord, some of the Temple of the Lord with praying for good weather "stamping horse" and crop harvest "play cattle" combined with dancing and singing, accompanied by oboe crude gongs, quite lively.
The witch dance of Dali is linked to the rituals of the Lord and the customary activities of "receiving the golden nuns", and is usually performed by more than two witches singing together and more than ten people dancing together. In the dance process, the onlookers can join the same singing and dancing, and there are certain procedures, in the past, there is a teacher relationship between the sorcerer, the dance is also by the sorcerer with a disciple, holding a single flat drum (locally known as the sheepskin drum), the male sorcerer action is simple, rugged, a single; witches are swinging their hips, GuanYan, or bent or tilted. The witch dance of Jianchuan is usually performed in the temple of the Lord, and is performed by the witch goddess. The dance has a lot of programmed actions, such as "chest fork incense", "double fling incense", "inside and outside around the flower", "double fling flower "and so on. The witch dance of Eryuan is roughly divided into two kinds of situations: one is a sacrificial occasion organized by the village and township; the other is a family festival. The home rituals have steps such as receiving the soul, touching the bottom, asking the soul, answering the questions, and sending the soul. Nowadays, witches still have individual activities only in remote villages.
Buddhism in Dali is divided into Mahayana and Hinayana, and Mahayana differs from Tantric Buddhism and Zen Buddhism. Tantric Buddhism became popular in Dali during the Tang Dynasty under the Nanzhao Kingdom, while Zen Buddhism was introduced to Dali at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. The Buddhist music and dance performed during Buddhist ceremonies is now only spread in a small number of townships such as Fengyu and Liantie in Eryuan, and Diannan, Shaxi and Jinhua in Jianchuan. There are "around the altar", "bottle flower dance", "flower flower dance", "lotus lamp dance", "Sword Dance" and so on several kinds, most of them are performed in the temple's main hall or the practice of the religious family.
There is also a totem worship and primitive nature worship rituals in the mountains. For example, in Dada Township, Changxin District, Yunlong, the Chinese translation is "Funeral Dance" or "Coffin Dance". The dancers, all male youths, hold hands and form a circle in which the coffin is parked, with candles burning on the front and top. Under the light of the candles, the dancers rotate counterclockwise at a medium-speed tempo, creating a sad and melancholic atmosphere. This kind of dance contains "soul immortality" religious color.
The Bai folk dance has been passed down from generation to generation, and its roots are strong and worthy of being the treasure of Bai traditional culture.