Friedrich Auguste Buttlerdi
Zion Benigni
Rossella Cosentino
Huang Tu-shui
Ju Ming
Antoine Canova
Jean Baptiste Carpou
Max Klinger
Auguste Rodin
Fran?ois Ruud
Aristide Maillol
Michelangelo Bonarotti
Henri Moore
George Minne
Timothy Pou
Bartle Thorvaldsen
Jean-Antoine Udun
Wu Hyun-san
Wang Chuan-jun
Yang Ying-feng
Some biographical notes
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (April 2, 1834 - October 4, 1904) , French sculptor and author of the famous Statue of Liberty in New York, USA.
Born in Alsace, France, Bartholdi studied architecture and painting in Paris, the Statue of Liberty was given to the United States by France, Britain's arch-enemy, because of America's independence from Britain. Butlerdi is said to have modeled the Statue of Liberty after his own mother's face. The French architect Eiffel, who designed the Eiffel Tower, designed the internal supporting ironwork and the entire support structure. Butlerian personally traveled to the United States to select a site to house the Statue. The Americans financed the construction of the base of the tower. The entire bronze statue was divided into 350 pieces and shipped to the United States in 214 packing crates. The prototype was erected on the banks of the Seine in Paris, directly opposite the Eiffel Tower.
His other works include the huge "Lion of Belfort" sculpted on Mount Belfort on the Alsace-Swiss border to commemorate the victory in the Franco-Prussian War; the statue "Swiss Aid to Strasbourg", given to Basel, Switzerland, by Strasbourg to thank the Swiss for their assistance during the Franco-Prussian War. "Strasbourg to Basel, Switzerland, in appreciation of Swiss aid in the Franco-Prussian War; the Butlerian Fountain in Butlerian Park in Washington, D.C.; the statue of Lafayette in New York's Union Square; the "Four Trumpet-Blowing Angels" in a Boston church; and the Butlerian Fountain in Lyon, France.
Battledy died of tuberculosis in Paris and is buried in Montmartre Cemetery.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini; also known as Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (December 7, 1598 - November 28, 1680) Italian sculptor, architect, and painter. Early outstanding Baroque artists. Bernini's main achievements were in sculpture and architectural design, in addition, he was also a painter, draughtsman, stage designer, fireworks maker and funeral designer.
Born in Naples to a Florentine family, Bernini followed his father, Pietro Bernini, the famous Ornate sculptor, to Rome. His early works were inspired by sculptures of Greek mythology that had been transported to Rome during the Roman Empire. Among these works are the nymph Amalthea, who nursed Zeus with goat's milk (completed in 1609, now in the Galleria Borghese, Rome), and busts of allegorical myths such as the "Damned Soul" and the "Blessed Soul". "Blessed Soul (completed in 1619, now in Piazza di Spagna, Rome). In the 1620s, Bernini's sculpture matured, represented by "Pope Paul V" (1620), "The Abducted Proserpina" (1621-1622), "David" (1623) and "The Blessed Soul" (1619), now in the Piazza di Spagna in Rome. "(1623), "Apollo and Daphne" (1622-1625), and the well known sculpture in the Church of Notre Dame after the Victory, "The Ecstasy of the Virgin de la Grande Terre" (1645- 1652). 1652).
Benigni imbued the statue of David with emotion, unlike Michelangelo's work of the same name, which is kinetic, the latter seems to be poised for action. Its twisted torso and furrowed brow fully characterize the baroque art accumulated during the Renaissance era. Michelangelo showed David's heroic nature, while Benigni captured the moment of David's heroism. The work was commissioned by Cardinal Borghese, Benigni's main patron, when he was 25 years old.
Benini's other sculptures include Cardinal Borghese[1] (1632, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Borghese) and a statue of Louis XIV (1665, now in the Chateau de Versailles).
Benigni's first architectural work was the bronze wainscot above the altar of St. Peter's in the Vatican (built 1624-1633)[2], and he also built the fa?ade of the Church of St. Bibiana in Rome (1624-1626).In 1629, before the altar wainscot was completed, Pope Urban VIII hired Bernini to be responsible for the construction of the entire church of St. Peter. He was also responsible for the construction of the tombs of Popes Urban VIII[3] and later Alexander VII[4] located in the church. St. Peter's Host (1657-1666)[5] in the semicircular nave of St. Peter's is also a major masterpiece of Bernini's.
In addition to his most famous work, the piazza and colonnade in front of St. Peter's, Bernini designed many other famous buildings in Rome, such as the Palazzo Barberini (begun in 1630), the Monte Carlo Palace (Palazzo Ludovisi, 1650), the Chigi Palace (Palazzo Chigi In 1665, at the height of his fame, Bernini traveled to Paris in the hope of designing the eastern front of the Louvre for the French Emperor Louis XIV, but was refused. In the end this part of the building was completed by Claude Perrault, with more classical overtones.
Also, Bernini designed a number of famous churches, although St. Peter's was not his (see Carlo Maderno). A small Baroque church in Rome exemplifies Bernini's architectural style. He was not only responsible for the design of the building of the church of St. Andrew in Quirinal Heights (Sant'Andrea al Quirinal), but also sculpted the huge statue of the saint Andrew on the altar. In the countryside near Rome, Bernini also designed the church for the Pope's summer residence, Castel Gondolfo.
The first fountain designed by Bernini was the Prince of the Sea Fountain (1640), while the most famous work was the Fountain of the Four Rivers (1648-1651) in Piazza Navona,[6] which presents the four major rivers of the world: the Nile, the Ganges, the Danube, and the Labrador, with anthropomorphic and powerful carvings of their features, and utilizes coconut palms and animals to represent localities in the Landscapes. The fountain also has an anecdote: the church of St. Agnes, designed by Benigni's rival Borromini, faces the fountain. Benigni is said to have mocked the church's precariousness, so the statue of the Labrador River facing it has its hand raised.
In 1644, the death of Benigni's patron, Pope Urban VIII, centralized Benigni's opponents and dealt a blow to Benigni's career. But Pope Innocent X continued to invite Bernini to complete his work on St. Peter's and commissioned him to design the Four Rivers Fountain. By the time of Innocent X's death, Bernini had become a leading figure in Roman art. Benigni died in Rome in 1680.
Benini's work was hailed as a scientific iconoclast and shrine in Dan Brown's novel Angels and Demons.
Born in Monga, Taipei City, Huang Tushui defected to Dadaocheng Sango in 1907 due to the death of his father. After graduating from the Normal School in 1917, he was recommended by his teacher to study at the Sculpture Section of the Tokyo Fine Arts School, where he was the first Taiwanese student, and then in 1920, he was admitted to the Research Section of the same school. In 1920, he was admitted to the research department of the school. In addition, he also studied with the famous Japanese sculptors Kouun Takamura and Fumio Asakura.
In 1920, his sculpture "Child" was selected for the Japanese Imperial Exhibition, the first of its kind in Taiwan. In 1930, he died of peritonitis at his apartment in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, at the age of 35.
Huang Tushui's works became very popular after they were localized in Taiwan in the late 1980s. His works are often regarded as escapes from Taiwan's sculpture scene.
Well-known works
Mountain Boy Playing Flute (1918)
Plaster cast, selected for the Second Imperial Academy of Fine Arts Exhibition of 1920, the first time a Taiwanese artist was selected for the most prestigious art exhibition in Japan. The whereabouts of the original is unknown.
Manna Water (1919)
Marble statue, selected for the Third Imperial Academy of Fine Arts Exhibition in 1921. Originally housed in the Taiwan Provincial Council, its subsequent whereabouts are unknown.
Bust of a Girl (1920)
Marble statue, donated by Huang Tushui to the collection of his alma mater, Dadaocheng Public School (now Taiping National Elementary School in Taipei).
Woman in a Pose (1922)
Selected for the Fourth Imperial Academy of Fine Arts Exhibition in 1922. The whereabouts of the original work is unknown.
The Imperial Pheasant and the Chinese Deer (1922)
Dedicated to the collection of the Japanese Ministry of the Interior (now the Miyauchi Agency).
Outside (1924)
Selected for the Fifth Imperial Academy of Fine Arts Exhibition in 1924. The whereabouts of the original work is unknown.
Southern Flavors (1927)
Selected for the First Tokyo Shotoku Prince Art Bunsen Exhibition. The whereabouts of the original work is unknown.
Shakyamuni (1927)
Commissioned by Longshan Temple, Taipei. The original wooden statue was destroyed in the air raid on Taipei in 1945, and was later recast from the surviving plaster molds, which are in the collections of the Taiwan Provincial Museum of Fine Arts (now the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts), Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts, the National Museum of History, the Lungshan Temple of Taipei, the Kaiyuan Temple of Tainan, and the family members of the Huangtusui. five more were recast in the North American Pavilion in 1997, and it has been questioned by outsiders as to whether or not the Pavilion has recast too many of the statues.
Statue of Prince and Mrs. Kunihiko of Kurume Palace (1928)
Dedicated to the Kurume Palace Collection.
Figure of Buffaloes (1930)
The last great work of Huang Tushui's life, and also the most well-known classic work. The original is embedded in the wall of the back hall of Taipei's Zhongshan Hall, and there are three replicas of the original model, which are in the Taiwan Provincial Museum of Fine Arts (now the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, made of fiberglass), the Taipei Fine Arts Museum (made of bronze), and the Kaohsiung Municipal Museum of Fine Arts (made of bronze).
Ju Ming (1938- ) is a Taiwanese sculptor, a native of Tongxiao Township, Miaoli County, and an honorary doctorate from Fu Jen Catholic University. Early in his career, he was famous for his sculptures of local themes such as "cows" and "shepherd children", but more recently he has become known for his modern sculptures that incorporate Chinese philosophy such as "Tai Chi". His real name is Chu Chuan-tai, and his childhood nickname was "Jiuji". Born into a large family in Miaoli County, Chu Ming was the youngest child in the family with five brothers and five sisters.
In 1953, under the leadership of his father, he went to the Mazu Temple in Tongxiao Township to learn from the carving master, Li Jinchuan.
He left the school in 1955 and went north to work in a Keelung Buddhist store the following year. However, his financial situation remained poor until 1966. In 1968, he brought his own carvings of "Mother of Mercy" and "Girl Playing in the Sand" to the master sculptor Yang Yingfeng, and changed his name to Ju Ming, which made him feel better. In the same year, he moved to Taipei County, Panchiao Township (now Panchiao City), Jiangzicui area to settle.
In 1978, Chu Ming exhibited at the Central Museum of Fine Arts in Tokyo, Japan, and his work "Single Whip Down" was collected by the Sculpture Museum of Japan.
In 1980, he traveled alone to New York City, USA to study, which was a turning point for him to open up his international perspective. After this year, he created the "Earth" series of works, which became the most acclaimed and classic representative of his career. The following year, however, a theft occurred at the National Museum of History in Taiwan, in which Ju Ming's sculpture "Old Woman" was stolen.
In 1989, he collaborated with architect I.M. Pei to create the "Harmonious ****ing Place" Tai Chi series in bronze in front of the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong, which was unveiled the following year. It is located on the left side of the building's entrance gate.
In 1999, Ju Ming established the Ju Ming Museum of Art in Sisihu, Jinshan Township, Taipei County, which covers an area of 11 acres and collects many modern sculptures.
In 2000, the Juming Museum of Art, which took decades of planning to establish, was awarded the overseas prize of the Tokyo Creation Award in Japan.
Currently, he has settled in the area of Qingjing Farm, Renai Township, Nantou County.
Ju Ming's bronze sculpture "Gate" is also a landmark of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, located at the Beacon outside the main University Library. "The Gate was gifted to the University by Dr. Szeto Hui, and is part of Ju Ming's "Tai Chi Series".
His work "Theseus Slaying Minotaur" was a great success, and the simplicity and naturalism of this work shaped his future style.
Another of his works, the monument to Pope Clément XIV, which took four years to complete, placed him among the most famous artists of his time.
It took him another five years to complete the monument to Pope Clément XIII, and from then on his fame grew, and he accepted a series of orders for the creation of Cupid and Psyche, the goddess of love, to which he was invited by the Czar of Russia to go to St. Petersburg, and which he declined, saying, "Italy is my country, the native place of art, and I could not leave her, I was brought up here, and if my talents are to be used in other lands, they must be such as will do Italy good, and is it possible to abandon her to the service of other countries?" But there are still many of his works in Russian collections.
Canova, who produced a famous series of works from 1795 to 1797, returned home in 1798, owing to the invasion of the French army, and produced only a few paintings; he returned to Rome a year later, but his health was no longer as good as it had been before, and he traveled for a time to Germany, where he came back in improved health and immediately went back to work.
In 1815 the Pope ordered him to go to Paris to supervise the recovery of the works of art plundered by Napoleon, and in the fall he visited London, and early in 1816 he returned to Rome, where he was appointed director of the Accademia di San Luigi, the principal art academy of Rome, and the Pope himself appointed to have his name engraved on a plaque in capital gold letters and to be invested with the title of Marquis of Ischia, with a salary of 3,000 crowns a year.
Collection of monuments to the heart of CanovaHe completed a series of religious works, including the statue of Pope Pius VI, Mars and Venus, Our Lady of Lamentations, St. John, and Mary Magdalene.
In May 1822 he visited Naples to inspect the statue of Ferdinand VII, which was in the process of being waxed, and his health deteriorated further, easing somewhat on his return to Rome. At the end of 1822, on his way back home, he died in Venice at the age of 65. His body was buried in a temple in his hometown, and his heart was hidden in the marble pyramid-shaped tomb he had designed for Titian.
Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (May 11, 1827 - October 12, 1875) was a French sculptor and painter of the Romantic period.
He was born in Courbevoie, a southern suburb of Paris, and spent his early years studying sculpture under the French sculptor Ruud.In 1854, he was awarded a scholarship to Rome, where he studied until 1861, when he became more mature in learning the Baroque style.In 1861, he produced a bust for Princess Madeleine, which was recognized by Napoleon III, who accepted several commissions to decorate the Paris Opera House. In 1869 he created a group portrait, "The Dance," which was placed to the right of the door of the Opera House, and was criticized by many of the defenders of the cause.
His last work was the fountain of the Four Poles of the Earth, placed in the Place de Jurien, with four figures symbolizing Asia, Europe, North America and Africa holding up the earth. He died after completing the main subject, and was later succeeded in completing it by other sculptors, with the addition of eight galloping horses and turtles and dolphins.
Max Klinger (German: Max Klinger, February 18, 1857 - July 5, 1920) was a German Symbolist painter and sculptor.
Born in Leipzig, Klinger studied in Karlsruhe, where he most admired the etchings of Goya and Mentzel, and so taught himself to become an accomplished etcher.
His most famous work is a series of etchings, "Interpretation of the Search for a Glove," from his dream of finding a glove at a skating rink, which illustrates Freud's findings on fetishism, where the "glove" becomes a symbol of his pursuit of romantic ideals.
Klingel traveled throughout the art centers of Europe until his return to Leipzig in 1893, and from 1897 onward he devoted himself mainly to sculpture, with his statue of Beethoven being the major work in the 1902 exhibition of Vienna's Secessionists. He was a great influence on Chirico and a number of other artists, and he was an important representative figure in the ride between 19th-century Symbolism and 20th-century Surrealist movements. Asteroid 22369 is named in his honor.
Auguste Rodin (November 12, 1840 - November 17, 1917), known as Fran?ois-Auguste-René Rodin, was born in Paris. é Rodin), born into a poor family in Paris, was a world-renowned sculptor of the 20th century.
His early works were in the style of realism, and in 1876 his work "Age of Bronze" was exhibited, causing a fierce reaction, and some people even asserted that it was a reproduction of the real human body. Later on, his works developed his own style, emphasizing the role of light and shadow, especially his works in pajamas, cloaked "Balzac statue" caused a great commotion until his death in 1939 after many years in the city of Paris to stand up. His giant bas-relief "Gates of Hell" was begun in 1880 and remained unfinished until his death. The Gates of Hell is based on the theme of Dante's Divine Comedy, and Rodin's pessimism may be due to the fact that Rodin's pessimism coincides with the depiction of human suffering in the region in this chapter, which is mirrored by each other and results in this great work of sculpture. 1884, commissioned by the city of Calais, he made the statue of "The Righteous Citizens of Calais," commemorating the deaths of the British and French during the Hundred Years' War. The statue was commissioned by the City of Calais in 1884 to commemorate the six citizens of Calais who gave themselves as hostages to King Edward III to prevent the massacre of the British army during the Hundred Years' War, and the same statue was reproduced in Parliament Park in 1913.
At the 1900 Paris World's Fair, Rodin exhibited 150 works, and in 1916, Rodin donated all of his works to the French government in exchange for housing and a studio, for which the government built the "Rodin Museum". The French government had the exclusive right to reproduce Rodin's works. Rodin died in 1917.
In addition to sculpture, Rodin produced many illustrations, copperplate paintings, and drawings, and he wrote several books, including "On Art," and sculptures such as "The Contemplative" and "Victor Hugo. The main sculptures include "The Contemplative", "Victor Hugo", "President Sarmiento of Argentina", etc.
Rodin lived with Camille Claudel, his student and fellow sculptor, who bore him two children, but Rodin refused to take responsibility for their upbringing. Some historians believe that Claudel provided Rodin with a great many of his ideas, and that some of Rodin's works even came from Claudel's hand.
Fran?ois Rude (January 4, 1784 - November 3, 1855) was a French sculptor. Born in Dijon, east-central France, Rude worked with his father as a young man building stoves for people, graduating from the art school in Dijon in 1809 to further his studies in Paris, and winning a scholarship to Rome in 1812. After the Bourbon Restoration, he went to Brussels to accept a job, where he married Sophie Flenai, a friend of Napoleon's daughter, and returned to Paris to work.
The Marseillaise In 1833 he was awarded the Cross of the Legion of Honor for his work The Neapolitan Fisherman's Boy Playing with a Turtle and received a commission to decorate the Arc de Triomphe, which was being designed, and which became immortalized by Ruud (also known as "The Exodus of the Volunteers of 1792").
In addition, his important works include "Napoleon", "Joan of Arc", "Herb and Jupiter's Eagle" and "The Triumph of Eros".
Ruud's most important pupil was Carbo, who created another "Neapolitan Fisherman's Boy" according to his own interpretation.
Born in the town of Banyule, on the coast of the Eastern Pyrenees, in southwestern France, Maillol traveled to Paris in 1881 to study art, and entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1885, where he studied under Carbonell and Jerome, and where the influence of Chavannes and Gauguin is evident in his early drawings and paintings.
Gauguin encouraged him to work in the decorative arts, and he became involved in designing tapestries, opening a tapestry factory in the town of Banyule in 1893, which had a great impact in France. from 1895 he created small clay figures, began to work in sculpture, and gave up designing tapestries.
He died at the age of 83 in his hometown of Banyule in a car accident during a thunderstorm. There is a museum of his work in Paris, and his former home has been opened as a museum.
Works
His important works include a monument designed for Cézanne in 1912 and a series of monuments commemorating the First World War. His sculptures, mostly of women's nudes, are poised, mature, and have traces of Classical art, making him the most important sculptor of the transitional period between Classical and modern Moorean abstract sculpture.
Michelangelo (Michelangelo, March 6, 1475 - February 18, 1564), full name Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, also translated "Michelangelo Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, also known as "Michelangelo" and "Michaelangelo", born in 1475 in the town of Gabalis, Florence, was a sculptor, architect, painter and poet. He was one of the "Three Masters of the Renaissance", together with Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael, and was famous for his "fit" figures, which depicted even the female body as muscular. His sculpture "Statue of David" is world-famous, and "Day", "Night", "Morning" in front of Medici's tomb, The four statues of "Day", "Night", "Morning" and "Evening" in front of Medici's tomb are novel in their conception, in addition to the famous sculptures such as the "Statue of Moses" and the "Great Slave". His most famous paintings are the "Genesis" zenith and the "Last Judgment" frescoes in the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican. He also designed and initially built the Basilica of St. Peter in Rome and designed and built the tomb of Pope Julius II. Michelangelo was short-tempered and disagreeable, did not get along with Da Vinci and Raphael, and often contradicted his benefactor, but he pursued artistic perfection throughout his life and insisted on his own artistic ideas. He died in Rome in 1564, and his style influenced almost three centuries of artists.
Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, in Cabris, near Aire, Tuscany. For several generations the family was a small bank in Florence, but his father, Lodovico di Leonardo Buonarroti di Simoni, did not succeed in running it, and then served in temporary political office. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, he was the judicial administrator of the town of Caprice and the administrator of the city of Quichy. Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena, and his father was said to be descended from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa, a rumor that is probably false, but which Michelangelo believed. A few months after Michelangelo's birth, the family moved back to Florence, where he was raised. Some years later, after a long illness and the death of his mother, he moved in with a stonemason and his entire family in a town called Settignano. There his father owned an open pit mine for marble as well as a small farm.
Michelangelo once told artist biographer Giorgio Vasari, "If I have some merits, it is because I was born in the marvelous atmosphere of your country, Arezzo, with my nurse, and learned to use the mallet and chisel skillfully to carve out the figure that I have depicted." When Michelangelo was still a young man, his father sent him to study grammar with the humanitarian Francesco da Urbino in Florence. The young artist, apparently showing no interest in school, preferred to go to church to copy drawings and find fellow painters. Michelangelo later studied under the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio and the sculptor Bertoldo di Giovanni, whose father tried to persuade Ghirlandaio to pay Michelangelo, who was still 14 years old, a rarity at the time. In 1489, the ruler of Florence asked Ghirlandaio to recommend two of his best pupils, and Ghirlandaio introduced Michelangelo and Francesco Granacci; between 1490 and 1492 Michelangelo went to his father's school and was influenced by many of those who had gone before him, shaping and expanding his artistic vision. Following his platonic views at that age, he also began to feel the differences between the sexes. During this period Michelangelo met several literary giants, such as Mirandola, Angelo Poliziano and Marsilio Ficino, and he completed the Statue of David and the Struggle of the Knights, the latter of which was played on a theme suggested by Poliziano and commissioned by the mayor of Florence, Lorenzo de Medici.
Henry Spencer Moore OM CH, (Henry Spencer Moore, July 30, 1898-August 31, 1986), English sculptor. Moore was known for his large cast bronze and marble sculptures. Revered by British art circles, his creations secured a place for Britain in modernist art.
The hollow, reclining figure is the most typical of Moore's sculptural style. It is thought to have been inspired by a Toltec-Mayan sculpture called "Chac Mool" that he saw in Paris in 1925. The hollows in Moore's early works often took on more traditional forms, such as curved arms attached to the body. Later, it evolved into a hollow in the torso of the subject, thus creating a concave or curved shape of the subject. A similar style developed in the work of Barbara Hepworth of the same period, who was also initially influenced by Moore's work.
Moore was quite wealthy in his later years, thanks to the many large-scale commissions he undertook. However, Moore maintained a simple life. Much of his wealth was inherited by the Henry Moore Foundation, which supports art education and promotion.
Moore is famous for his large-scale abstract sculptures, which are found all over the world. The human figure, particularly the "mother and child" or "reclining figure," is the most common theme in Moore's work. Except for a brief period in the mid-1950s, when he used family groups, the majority of his subjects are female. Moore's works are often characterized by the inclusion of holes or the penetration of the subject. The undulating, curvilinear shapes are thought by many to be Moore's inspiration from the undulating, hilly terrain of his birthplace, Yorkshire.
Moore's niece once asked him why he kept the names of his works simple, and Moore replied:
All art should have mystery and require audience participation. If a sculpture or painting is given an obvious name, the mystery is lost, and the viewer's attention is easily diverted from the work, rather than trying to grasp what it is about. One has the impression that he/she is watching, when in fact one is not really watching.
Moore's early works were often created with a direct sculptural approach[1].In the 1930s, Moore gradually shifted to a modernist style. He interacted frequently with several other sculptors who lived in Hampstead and influenced each other stylistically. During the creative process, Moore usually made a large number of sketches. Most of these sketches have survived and provide direct information for the study of the evolution of Moore's work. in the 1940s, Moore was more likely to use the modeling method of sculpture, whereby his sculptures were first modeled in clay or plaster, and then cast in bronze using the dewaxing process.
After World War II, Moore's bronze sculptures were large-scale works commissioned as public **** art. As a result, he essentially abandoned direct carving in favor of modeling and employed several assistants.
At his home in Much Hadham, Moore collected a vast array of natural objects in all shapes and sizes: skulls, driftwood, pebbles, shells, and so on. Moore finds inspiration for his natural forms in these objects. For larger works, he usually makes half-size test models before the final molds are cast. Occasionally, full-size plaster casts were made to allow for final refinement of the form and the addition of surface marks.
In March 1946, Moore and Eirene's daughter was born. They named her Mary after Moore's mother, who had died two years earlier. The death of his mother and the birth of his daughter led Moore to focus more on the concept of family, which was reflected in his work on the theme of "mother and child". In the same year, Moore had a retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and in 1948 he was awarded the International Sculpture Prize at the Venice Biennale, and was the featured artist at the Festival of Britain in 1951 and Documenta 1 in 1955.
Family Portrait (1950) bronze, Barclay School, Stevenage, England, was Moore's first large-scale commission after World War II. Towards the end of the war, Moore was asked by Henry Morris to create a sculpture for his village college, 'Family Group', which was never realized due to funding problems. In 1950, however, the work was completed at Barclay School in Stevenage and became Moore's first large-scale public **** sculpture.
In the mid-1950s, Moore received an increasing number of commissions, including a 1957 work for the UNESCO office building in Paris. As the number of public **** artworks increased, so did the size of Moore's sculptures. He began to hire assistants to help him with his work, including Anthony Caro, Richard Wentworth.
Fixed Exhibition Sites
Numerous art museums around the world have Moore's sculptures and paintings in their collections. Museums with large collections include the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the largest collection of large bronze sculptures in the United States.
Henry Moore Foundation, [2], Perry Green, Much Hadham, Hertfordshire, UK
Henry Moore Institute, Leeds, UK
The Tate Gallery, London, UK
Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
Yorkshire Sculpture Park, near Leeds, UK
Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY, USA
Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, and University of East Anglia campus, Norwich, Norfolk, England
Wakefield City Art Gallery, London, UK
Tate Gallery, London, UK
Ontario Art Museum, Toronto, Canada
Yorkshire Wakefield City Art Gallery, United Kingdom
Pa?o imperial, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil