"Ka Niu Dang", translated as "Bench Dance" in Miao language, is a traditional dance of Black Miao (one of the Miao people) spread in Anlong, Xingren and Zhenfeng counties of Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture.
according to the investigation and research, in the second year of Jiaqing in Qing dynasty (1797), due to Wang nangxian's uprising, many Buyi villages in Anlong, Xingren, Zhenfeng and other counties were empty, and it was at this time that the ancestors of Black Miao moved in from Ping Huang and Taijiang in southeastern Guizhou. Because of ancestor worship and strong sense of national identity, the black Miao in this area still maintains the life style, folk song and dance customs and traditional clothing styles in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
There is a legend about the origin of "Ka Niu Dang" in Heimiao area: It is said that a long time ago, all the men in the village went out to fight, leaving only the old people, women and children. Living in high mountains and densely forested areas, wild animals often haunt them. In order to be courageous, women like to get together and knock each other with small benches at night and drive away wild animals? Gradually, it evolved into the custom of jumping "card cow stalls" to bless children when holding children's full moon wine.
"Ka Niu Dang" is very popular among people of all ages, regardless of gender, in Miao village in the circulation area. Usually, when someone gives birth to a child and holds a full moon wine, grandma's family will come to congratulate them. When grandma's family leaves, they have to have a wonderful "card cow stall" with their host family. The Miao people are passionate and advocate manners and customs. When guests go out, they should drink wine to the song. After going out, I sang in Miao language, "Let's dance, don't make a mistake, make a fine for jumping, and happily take the bench and go home after jumping?" Then the grandfather of the child carries a pillow on his shoulder strap (referring to the child) to lead everyone to sing and dance in a circle in front of the house. Change the lyrics impromptu when singing duets, such as "Today is a good day (that is, a good day), and wish the doll a pillar". When jumping, the two sides look for opportunities from time to time to bump their hips, step on each other's feet, make jokes, etc. If they jump wrong, they will be fined, regardless of the number of games. If they are tired, they can change people until they have fun. The whole scene is humorous and lively.
In Heimiaozhaizi, there are some established rules when holding the "Ka Niu Dang" for full moon wine dancing. For example, all the dancers must be married men and women, the opposing dancers must be of the opposite sex, the dancers must be of the same generation, and the number must be more than two pairs.
in p>1952, the state implemented the land reform and distributed the land to the poor Miao families, and the Miao village was full of joy. Pan Shicheng (deceased), a 19-year-old black Miao young man who was a private teacher in Banyan Village, Sayu Town, Anlong County, wanted to do something to thank the * * * production party, so he asked his 18-year-old companion Pan Xianmao (deceased) to discuss it. In 1953, Pan Shicheng wrote a beautiful song "Miao Family Out of the Head" as an accompaniment, and together with Pan Xianmao, he made an adaptation of "Ka Niu Dang". Because the dance is deeply rooted in the soil of Miao folk customs, it has a rich flavor of life and a cheerful rhythm, and everyone likes the adapted bench dance more. Due to marriage and other reasons, bench dance gradually spread to Haizi, Getang and Heimiao villages in Xingren and Zhenfeng in Anlong County. In 1956, the "Kaniudang" in Anlong County participated in the cultural performance of ethnic minorities in duyun city Province, participated in the celebration of the establishment of the state in Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture in 1981, and participated in large-scale cultural performances in counties of Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture many times, which were highly praised by leaders at all levels and loved by the audience.
"Ka Niu Dang" has a long history in Heimiao Village, and people like it. Through dancing, people's joy at the birth of a new life and their wishes for the growth of a new life are expressed, and the cheerful and harmonious dance reveals the Miao people's yearning and pursuit for a better life. The primitive and simple "Ka Niu dang" has important historical and artistic value for the study of Miao history and dance.
Now, due to the rapid development of economy and culture, many young people in Miao Village have gone out to work. In addition, due to the influence of strong external culture, few people in Miao Village jump the "card cow stall" now. Even if people in the village hold a full moon wine, they can't do it because of insufficient personnel. At present, "Ka Niu Dang" is facing the danger of lack of successors and extinction, so it is urgent to protect and inherit this excellent Miao cultural heritage.
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