原文 生于忧患，死安乐(1)孟子曰："shun 发于畎亩中(2)，傅说举于版筑之间(3)，胶鬲举于鱼盐中(4)，管夷吾举于士(5)，孙叔敖举于海(6)，百里奚举于市(7)。
Therefore, the sky will come down to the big task (8) in the S (9) people also (10), must first bitter its will (11), labor its bones (12), hungry body (13), empty (14) its body, line whisking its behavior (15), so (16) move the heart and patience, has benefited from its can not (18). People are always over (19), and then can change.
Sleepy in the heart (20), weighing in the consideration (21), and then made (22); signs in the color (23), hair in the voice (24), and then metaphor (25). If you enter a country without a lawgiver (26), and if you leave a country without an enemy (27), the country will always die.
Then know born in trouble, but die in peace and happiness (28)." Notes (1) From "Meng Zi - Su Zi 下"(《十三经注疏》,中华书局1980年版).
The title is added by the editor. Meng Zi (372 BC-289 BC) was named Ke, with the character Zi Bi (to be examined, one says the character Zi Che or Zi Ju).
During the Warring States period, he was a native of the state of Zou, and a descendant of Qingfu of the state of Lu. He was a famous thinker, politician and educator in ancient China, and a representative figure of Confucianism in the Warring States period.
Author of the book "Mencius". Mencius inherited and developed the thinking of Confucius, and became the second only to Confucius, a generation of Confucian masters, with the name of "Sage", and Confucius and Confucius together known as "Confucius and Mencius".
(2) Shun (shùn) was born in the field of drains (quǎn): Shun originally cultivated the fields in Alexandria, and at the age of 30, he was recruited by Yao, and later became Yao's successor. Shun, the legendary ancient emperor.
发, 起, means to be appointed. Field drains, fields, fields.
(3) Fu Shuo (yuè) lifted between the plates and the buildings: Fu Shuo originally built a wall for people at Fu Yan, and because he took Fu as his surname, King Wuding of Yin used him as a minister. Here is the meaning of being selected.
The building of a wall is done with a mortar and pestle in the middle of two plywood plates. The mortar and pestle used for pounding the earth.
(4) Jiao Li (gé) lifted in fish and salt: Jiao Li sold fish and salt at first, and Xibo (King Wen of Zhou) recommended him to Zhou. Later, he assisted King Wu of Zhou.
(5) Guan Yiwu lifted in the Shi: Guan Zhong, the word Yiwu, was originally a courtier of the Duke of Qi, Duke Xiaobai (Duke Huan of Qi) and the Duke of Qi, the Duke of Qi, for the throne, and the Duke of Qi, the Duke of Qi failed, Guan Zhong as a sinner was escorted back to his country, the Duke of Qi Huan knew that he had the ability to, that is, he was used as a phase. Shi, prison officer.
Lifted in Shi, released from the hands of prison officials and appointed. (6) Sun Shou Ao Lifted in the Sea: Sun Shou Ao, a native of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period, lived in seashore, and King Zhuang of Chu knew that he was talented and used him as a magistrate.
(7) Thyme: Thyme was a doctor of Yu during the Spring and Autumn period. He was captured after the fall of Yu, entered Qin from Jin, and fled to Chu.
Later, Duke Mu of Qin ransomed him with five sheepskin and used him as a doctor. So it is said to be lifted in the city (bazaar).
(8) Ren: responsibility, mission. (9) Yes: such.
(10) also: auxiliary, used at the end of the first half of the sentence, indicating a pause, and the second half of the sentence will be affirmed. (11) Bitter his heart and mind: to make his mind suffer.
Mind, thought. (12) To labor his sinews and bones: to make his sinews and bones (body) labor.
(13) Starve his body: meaning to make him undergo hunger (of suffering). (14) Emptiness: lack of resources.
Here it is a verb to make him suffer from poverty. (15) To act in a disorderly manner: to make him do things in a disorderly manner.
Act, every act, every thing done. (15) To whisk, to go against.
Chaotic, disturbed. What he does, means what he does.
(16) so: with these to ...... (17) move his heart: to startle his heart and strengthen his character. Move, startle, shock.
Endure, tough. (18) Had benefited what he could not: to increase what he did not possess.
Zeng, through "increase", increase. The term "Zeng" is used to refer to the ability that one does not possess.
Zeng Yi: increase. (19) Heng over: often make mistakes.
Constant, often. (19) Heng, often: often making mistakes.
(20) Trapped in the heart: trapped in the heart. To be trapped, to be hard-pressed.
In, by. (21) Weighing on the mind: the thoughts are blocked.
Heng, through the "horizontal", obstruction, means not smooth. (22) and then made: and then to rise.
The first is to make an effort to do something about it.
It means emaciated and withered, which is manifested in the color of one's face.
Color, face. (24) Hair in the voice: It means that the breath of chanting and sighing comes out in the voice.
(25) and then metaphor: (see his face, hear his voice) and then people understand him. The first is to understand, to understand.
(26) Inside, there are no ministers who adhere to the law and those who are wise enough to assist the king. In: inside, this refers to in the country.
Legalists: ministers who abide by the law. The word "bì" is used to refer to "bil" (弼), to assist the king.
(27) If you go out, you will have no enemies abroad: if there are no rivals abroad and no foreign countries to worry about. Out: outside, referring to abroad.
Enemy countries, countries of equal power and status. (28) Then one knows that one is born in sorrow and dies in contentment: after this one realizes that one survives because of sorrow and perishes because of indulgence in contentment.
Born in sorrows: sorrows make one seek survival. Death by ease and pleasure: ease and pleasure cause one to die.
教参版 Shun was appointed from the fields, Fu Shuo was chosen from the masons who built the walls, Jiao Li was promoted from the fish and salt vendors, Guan Zhong was released from the prison officials and was hired as a minister, Sun Shu Ao entered the court from the secluded sea, and Thyme Xi ascended to the ministerial post from the marketplace. Therefore, when the heavens are about to send a great mission to such a man, they must first cause him pain in his heart, tire his muscles and bones, make him suffer from hunger, make him lack of wealth, and make him do things badly, and (by these) they must stir up his heart, strengthen his character, and add to him abilities which he does not possess.
A man often errs, so that he may be corrected later; his heart is troubled and his thoughts blocked, and then he can do something; (a man's thoughts are only) revealed in his face, and manifested in chanting and sighing, and then he can be known. Nations often perish when there are no wise men at home who uphold the law and assist the king, and when there are no rivals and foreign scourges abroad.
It is only after this that people will understand that sorrow and trouble make people live and develop, and ease and pleasure make people wither and die. Language Edition (suitable for students) Shun was started by Yao from the fields, Fu Shuo was chosen from the work of building walls, Jiao Li was raised from the fish and salt traffickers, Guan Yiwu was raised from the jailer's hands after his release, and Sun Shou Ao was in the hermitage of.
2. 2015 Edition The Crafty Mouse Fugue in Literary OhCrafty (1) Mouse Fugue Su Zi was sitting at night, and there was a mouse squarely engaged (2).
Pat (3) bed and stop (4), both stop and make again. Make the child candle, there is a gem (5) in the empty.
The boy was bombastic and difficult to pronounce (6), and the sound was in the gems. He said: "Yelp! The rat's eyes were closed (7) and he was not allowed to go."
发(8)而视之，寂无所有，举烛而索(9)，有死鼠。 The child said in shock, "It is a square rodent, and suddenly died? Why is the sound, is it a ghost?"
Su Zi sighed and said: "It is different, is the mouse of the crafty also! Closed in the jewels, jewels firm and can not cave (10). Therefore, do not rodent and rodent, to sound to (11) people; do not die and death, in the form of seeking to get rid of it.
I heard that there are living, no wisdom in people. Disturbing the dragon to cut down the auger (12), ascent of the tortoise hunting Lin (13), serves all things and the king (14), but see make (15) in a mouse, fall (16) in the scheme of this insect, startled off the rabbit in the virgin (17), U (18) in the its for the wisdom of the same?" Sit and sleep, private thoughts of its reason.
If you tell the Yu, said: "You are more learning and knowledge, looking at the road and did not see it, not one in your and two in the thing, so a mouse rodent and for the change. People can break a thousand gold and can not be no sound in the broken kettle, can wrestle a tiger can not be no color change in an insect (19), this is not a problem.
The words came out of you and you forgot them." The exhortation was a laugh and a realization. The exhortation was a great success, and the boy wrote down the words.
Su Zi was sitting at night, and a mouse was biting. Su Zi tapped on the bedpan, and the sound stopped, and when it stopped it sounded once more.
(Su Zi) ordered the boy to take a candle and shine it under the bed, and there was an empty bag from which the sound of a mouse biting something came out. The boy said "Ah, this rat cannot leave when it is confined."
(The boy) opened the bag and looked inside, but there was no sound inside. (The boy) lifted the candle to search and found a dead mouse in the bag. The boy was surprised and said, "The mouse was screaming just now, how could it suddenly die? Then what was that sound just now, was it a ghost?" (The child) turned the bag over and poured out the mouse, which fled as soon as it hit the ground, and it was the quickest man who was caught off guard.
The Suzi sighed and said, "How strange, it is the cunning of the mouse! (The rat) was confined in a bag which was so strong that the rat could not bite through it. So (the rat) bites through the bag when it is not able to bite, and invites people by pretending to bite the sound of the bag; and pretends to be dead when it is not dead, and seeks to escape by pretending to be dead.
I have heard that there is no creature more intelligent than man. (Man) who can tame the divine dragon, assassinate the scaly dragon, capture the divine tortoise, hunt the unicorn, enslave all the things of the world and then dominate them, and yet in the end he is used by a mouse, and is caught in this mouse's schemes, and is astonished at the change of the mouse from the very stillness of its being to the very motion of its movement, where is the wisdom of man?" (I) sat down, closed my eyes and dozed off, wondering in my own mind the reason for this.
It was as if someone had said to me, "You have only memorized a little knowledge by learning more, but you are still far from the Way. You are not concentrating in your own mind, and you are disturbed and influenced by external things, so a mouse making a noise can attract you to be dominated by it and help it to change its predicament.
It is the result of lack of concentration that a man can break a jasper worth a thousand pieces of gold without moving, but lose his voice and scream when he breaks a pot; that a man can wrestle a tiger, but cannot help but change his color when he sees a bee or a scorpion. This is what you said long ago, have you forgotten it?" I leaned down and laughed, leaned back and awoke again.
(I) then ordered the boy to take a pen and write down my essay.
3. Spring Beyond the Plateau Shanghai Modern Texts Tasting Literature Poetry Click to Read AnswersSpring Beyond the Plateau Reading Answers Spring Beyond the Plateau ① When it comes to the outside of the Great Wall, poets of ancient times, they often think of it as a permanent desolation.
"The spring wind does not go through the Jade Gate Pass", "the spring wind is suspected to be less than the end of the world", "three spring that get peach and apricot flowers", as if the outside of the Seychelles is always cold, in addition to the flying sand and drifting snow, nothing. There is nothing. In fact, there is a moving spring outside the Seychelles, but also beautiful, but also warm, hot, soft, see and hear full of life's happy and joyful.
② The first to report the news of spring is the white crows, and the long-necked geese. They are back, which means it is really "springtime".
To the "hibernation", hibernating insects can not be alarmed, but the beach can be seen in a shock, the trees are new to the turtledove, accompanied by the old larks, sand chickens ...... on the ground, the sound and color of the new changes. Simple complexity, plain splendor.
③ "Spring Equinox River from rotten", cold and quiet Yellow River, long sleep for four months, suddenly collapsed cracked, and then flowed up to the Ling, large pieces like mountains, small pieces like beds, there are long bars, there are squares, you bumped into me, I squeezed you, built into the ice dams, blocking the spring water, large and small canals, yellow water soup soup, there are golden carp in the jump. When the family tasted the fresh flavor of the open river fish, the macro-clattering roaring yellow river river Ling finished, smooth as a mirror, rafts, flat-bottomed boats are waiting to go down the river.
④ clear clear is the day, but walk through the wilderness, can not see a little green apple buds. Spring rain is as expensive as oil, that is the words of the North China, if in the Seychelles, the Qingming Festival rain, is simply a hundred years.
Encountering cloudy days, it may still be a few flakes of snow. The weather is too dry, thin petals, small flowers, like a gaunt and sickly pod people.
From the rainy season to the beginning of summer, the world is going to change dramatically. The delicate is elm, fragrant is lilac, elegant is real pearl spike, spicy is Malan apples, begonias early peach, everything, grape vine, everywhere into the frame.
If you stand on the head of the city of Guisui to see, it is really smoke and mist trees, home embroidery, hundreds of flowers, thousands of red. The flickering willow flakes, the refined flowers, the indiscriminate elm money, with the wind, floating around, free into piles and stacks.
Step on it, some soft, some rustle, can be considered very spring color, covered the earth. ⑤ If you want to see the playful spring pictures outside the Seychelles, then it is certainly interesting to see the flat sand falling geese at dusk and the milk doves scrambling for nests in the early morning.
But the most interesting is the sunny day in the grass to see the pasture. The time is best when the sun is just west when the hundreds of thousands of cattle, sheep, camels and horses, are full of happy, fat oil, each with its own beauty, each with its own spirit.
You see, some than shoulder sunbathing, some lying down to talk about the family, some double in the walk, some pairs of Bitterhorn; some chasing, some running, some hugging, some jumping; there is a triangle of interesting drama, there is a four-cornered joke, there is a courageous Zhengsheng, there is a comical clown. The victorious ones pulled out their voices and sang, the defeated ones fled with their tails between their legs.
Shape *** , can not be painted or written. The love square here, there is no money, status, rank, each with the innate color of the fur, the current health, the usual popularity, a moment of wit, to determine the success and failure, generally speaking, is "heaven and earth are spring, the rate of the beasts dance.
⑥ I have seen the spring color of the upper forest of the Yanyan, I have seen the grass in the south of the Yangtze River, these can not make me forget the ditch mouth of the spring rise, around the Guo Liu smoke. I have participated in the Shaanba "hand-planted willow three thousand trees", I stroked the Guisui "spring wind 100,000 scattered elm money".
Six or seven years, but the farther away, the more south, where is the sky, where is the earth? Where is the Central Plains, where is the nine sides? I'm afraid to listen to the sound of the geese, because it is still the sea reading the sky, there are going to have to return. I would like to send a message through the spring breeze, I would like to ask the sea water rumor, see enough flowers, listen to enough soft words like sheep; it is best to be accompanied by youth, the fastest is the person in the spring first, I hope to set foot on the grassland again, I hope to fly over the Yinshan Mountain, to see the sky green and sunshine white, ten thousand families win the joy, buried bones in the Yellow River Bay, the Dazhongshan before.
1. 2-5 paragraphs of this paper depicts the four pictures of the spring outside the Seychelles, which are: Hundred Birds Reporting Spring Yellow River Frozen Flowers in Spring Hundreds of Flowers in Spring Hundreds of Beasts Frolic in Spring, which are depicted in the order of time. 2. Taste and appreciate the following sentences.
(5 points) (1) Flimsy willow flakes, refined flowers, and indiscriminately made elm money float around with the wind, freely forming piles and stacks. From the point of view of the use of words (say the role of the expression of the punctuation words): "floating" to write a light and airy willow floss; "indiscriminate" to highlight the number of elm money.
(2) some than shoulder sun, some lying down to talk about family life, some double in the walk, some pairs than horns. From the point of view of the use of rhetoric: the use of anthropomorphism, the rhetorical device of prose, the activities of the animals depicted colorful and interesting.
3. Paragraph 6, "I'm afraid to listen to the sound of the gaga geese, because it's still the sea and the sky, there are going to be back." Combined with the whole text to say "I" why I am afraid to listen to the sound of the geese quacking.
Because "I" heard the geese squawking, will be by the geese "have to go have to return", think of "I" but far from home, have to go no return. 4. carefully read the article in the last paragraph of the underlined part, combined with the whole text to say that the sentence expresses how the author's thoughts and feelings.
The author misses his hometown, loves his hometown, and hopes to return to his hometown as soon as possible and return to his roots.
4. 2013 Shanghai Intermediate Chinese Literature Exam Answers to Click on the New Chapter of Yugong Yishan1. "Yugong" got people's support when he moved the mountain, and when he first set up the plan, "he agreed to it"; when he made a deep study, "his wife offered doubts"; when he made a deep study, "his wife offered doubts"; and when he made a deep study, "his wife offered doubts". His wife to offer doubt"; move the mountain process "neighboring Kyoto's widowed wife has a surviving son, began to replace, jump to help."
2. "Yugong" firmly believe that the success of the mountain is based on "children and grandchildren, endless scarcity, but the mountain does not increase". 3. The third paragraph can be seen as a refutation of the part of the article.
"Wise old man" in order to prove their own point of view, in the text of the arguments cited is "to the remaining years of strength, increase can not destroy one of the hair of the mountain, it is like the soil and stone,"; "fool" in the text of the most powerful way to refute the wise old man. The most powerful sentence used to refute Zhicao in the text is "children and grandchildren, endless scarcity, and the mountain does not increase, why is it bitter and uneven"; he refuted the way to refute the argument; the result is "Hequ Zhicao died to respond". 4. "Hequ The "laugh" in "the wise old man laughed and stopped said" shows that the wise old man is not wise or smart; "the north mountain fools long rest said" in "long rest" shows the "Yugong" is not stupid or a good idea; "laugh" and "long breath" belong to the character's demeanor.
5. "Miscellanea" and "his wife to offer doubt" does not contradict each other. The "mixed approval" suggests that Yugong's proposal to move the mountain was embraced by the crowd; "his wife's skepticism" is out of concern for Yugong, not against him to move the mountain.
6. The spirit of Yugong Yishan: defying difficulties, perseverance, clear goals, and firm will. 7.
8. The difficulties encountered by Yugong: 1. the mountain is big and high 2. the labor force is small and weak 3. the tools are simple 4. the road is long because I don't know the title, so I typed down what the teacher has organized, I hope it will help you.
5. 2013 Shanghai Intermediate Chinese Language Click on the new title Yugong Yishan's answers1. "Yugong" moved the mountain with the support of the people, when the initial plan "miscellaneous"; in-depth study of "" his wife to offer doubts ";" his wife to offer doubts ";" his wife to offer doubts ";" his wife to offer doubts ";" his wife to offer doubts ";" his wife to offer doubts ";" his wife to offer doubts ". His wife to offer doubt"; move the mountain process "neighboring Kyoto's widowed wife has a surviving son, began to replace, jump to help."
2. "Yugong" firmly believed that the success of mountaintop removal is based on "children and grandchildren, endless scarcity, but the mountain does not increase".
3. The third paragraph can be regarded as the refutation part of the article. In order to prove his point, the "wise old man" in the text of the arguments cited is "to the remaining years of strength, increase can not destroy one of the hair of the mountain, it is like the soil and stone"; "fool" in the text to refute the The most powerful sentence used by "Yugong" to refute Zhisuo in the text is "children and grandchildren, endless scarcity, and the mountain does not increase, why bitter and uneven"; his way of refutation is to refute the arguments; the result is that "Hetu Zhisuo died to respond".
4. "Hequ Zhicao laughed and stopped said" in the "laugh" shows that Zhicao is not wise or smart
; "North Mountain fools long rest said" in the "long rest". "long breath" shows the "fool" is not stupid or a good idea; "laugh" and "long breath" belongs to the character's demeanor The first is a description of the character's demeanor.
5. "Miscellanea" does not contradict the meaning of "his wife's skepticism". The "mixed approval" suggests that Yugong's proposal to move the mountain was supported by the crowd; "his wife's skepticism" is out of concern for Yugong, not against him to move the mountain.
6. The spirit of Yugong Yishan: defying difficulties, perseverance, clear goals, and firm will.
7. Writing style: contrast, set off.
8. The difficulties encountered by Yugong: 1. the mountain is big and high 2. the labor force is small and weak 3. the tools are simple 4. the road is long
Because I don't know the title, I typed the teacher's organization, I hope it will help you.