The Dai Dance is an ancient folk dance of the Dai people, and it is also the favorite dance of the Dai people.
Popular throughout the Dai region, but to Ruili County and Gengma County Mengding peacock dance, and there are many to dance peacock dance for a living of professional artists, they imitate the peacock: fly running down the mountain, walking through the forest, drinking spring water, chasing playfulness, dragging the wings, shaking the wings, wings, spreading the wings, boarding the branch, resting on the branch, open the screen, flying ...... and so on. Jumping out of the rich and colorful dance action and rich in sculptural dance posture modeling.
Their dance has a strict program and requirements, a fixed step and status, and even each action has a fixed drum accompaniment. The Dai mainly live in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Gengma Dai Wa Autonomous Prefecture, Menglian Dai Lahu Wa Autonomous Prefecture, and scattered in more than 30 counties such as Lincang, Lancang, Xinping, Yuanjiang, Jinping, Huaping, Dayao, Luquan and so on.
The Dai region has beautiful mountains and rivers, rich resources, dense forests, known as the "Kingdom of Plants" and "Kingdom of Animals", fertile land in the river valleys, convenient irrigation, hot climate, abundant rainfall, which is suitable for crop planting and cultivation of cash crops. For a long time, Xishuangbanna enjoys the reputation of "the barn in south Yunnan"; Dehong area "Mangshi Valley, Chai put rice" reputation throughout the province; most of the Dai area is the province's grain production base and cash crop production areas.
The Dai are a people with a long history, as far as the first century BC, the Chinese historical records have been about the Dai. Since the Tang Dynasty, historical records have called the Dai "black teeth", "gold teeth", "silver teeth" or "embroidered feet", and also called the Dai "Mangban", "Mangban", "Mangban", "Mangban", "Mangban" and "Mangban". "Mangban" or "white"; Song along the Dai as "gold teeth", "white".
Since the Yuan to Ming, "gold teeth" continue to use, "white" is written "Baiyi" or "Baiyi". ". Since the Qing Dynasty is known as "pendulum clothes".
But the above are other names, the Dai people call themselves, has always been "Dai". After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, in accordance with the wishes of the Dai people in China, officially named "Dai".
The Dai people have a variety of self-proclaimed names such as Dinah and Daiya, and in Chinese, they are called Shui Dai, Dry Dai, and Flower Waist Dai, and there are some differences in their costumes. The Dai language belongs to the Zhuang-Dong branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
The Dai have their own script, in the past, there have been different forms of Na Wen, Dai Bun Wen, Jinping Dai Wen and Xinping Dai Wen five kinds of text, now more popular is the Dai Dancing and Dai Na Wen, these two kinds of text by the evolution of the Sanskrit alphabet. Due to the unbalanced development of the society, the religious beliefs of the Dai people in different parts of the world are also different.
In Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other places where the Dai people live, while believing in Hinayana Buddhism, they also believe in primitive religions. Diaspora Dai mostly believe in primitive religion, but also believe in Guan Di, Guanyin, and a few believe in Christianity.
The Dai ethnic festivals are not the same everywhere, but they are closely related to religious beliefs. In Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other Dai inhabited areas, the main festivals are the Dai New Year, the Door Closing Festival and the Open Door Festival, jumping pendulum.
The Dai New Year is commonly known as the "Water Festival", the Dai language for the "Sangkan Bimai", "Soga Sangkan", in the Dai calendar in June (April), the festival period ranging from three to five days. The festival lasts for three to five days. The activities include flower picking, sand piling, Buddha bathing, water splashing, dragon boat rowing, and putting on the high rise, etc. The songs and dances are even more important activities in the Dai New Year.
The festival of closing the door and opening the door, the Dai language for the "mwasa" and "owasa", is the evolution of the Buddhist term "sasana", meaning "fasting", "fasting", "fasting", "fasting", "fasting", "fasting", "fasting", "fasting", "fasting", "fasting". It means "fasting". In the Dai calendar from September to December (calendar seven to September), these three months in the rainy season, people should focus on the Buddhist temple to worship Buddha and listen to the scriptures, stop other activities; young men and women can not fall in love and get married, known as the shutdown.
The end of the rainy season, when the harvest is coming over the Open Door Festival, when young men and women put on new clothes, groups of young people, beat the drums and gongs, walking through villages and villages, and finally to the Buddhist temple to hold a fine Buddha. In the past on the eighth day of the second month of the summer calendar held jumping pendulum: the men in the village prepared sumptuous food to the Buddhist temple to offer Buddha, and then in the courtyard of the Buddhist temple, by four people were holding a small cymbal, gong, elephant foot drum dance, dance after the drink and scattered.
This kind of jumping pendulum activities are now rare. In the past, when jumping pendulum also held a grand fine Buddha activities, also known as "do big pendulum", chanting during the day, the night there are songs and dances, and now also not carried out.
In the multi-ethnic mixed area of the Dai more faith in primitive religion, some with other ethnic groups *** over the Spring Festival, catching the flower street and other activities; some places have sacrificed the Dragon Tree and ancestor worship activities, only a few places have sacrificed to put the existence of sexual dance. The Dai is a nation with the culture of ancient people, and also a nation that can sing and dance well.
Dance of the Dai ethnic group has many varieties and forms, and the popularity of the surface is also very wide, and each has its own characteristics. The representative programs can be divided into three major categories: self-indulgence, performance and ritual.
1. Self-entertainment programs include "Gaguang", "Elephant Foot Drum Dance", "Yelahui" and "Shouting Half Light". "and so on, of which the most representative is the" Ga light "and" elephant foot drum dance ".
"Gaguang" can be translated as "dancing around the drum", can also be translated as "jumping drum dance". In Xishuangbanna, it is called "Fanguang", and in many places, it is also called "Jumping Pendulum", "Ning Pendulum", etc.
This dance is the first of its kind in China.
This dance is the oldest dance of the Dai people, popular in more than 20 counties and cities, is in the New Year's festivals and celebrations, regardless of men and women, young and old, regardless of the venue, can be jumped on the self-indulgent dance. Gaguang to elephant foot drums, cymbals and other ethnic percussion as accompaniment; but in some places, drums, cymbals people also participate in the dance, and lead the crowd around the circle and dance.
In the past, when dancing, the dancers could play as they wished, only to be enthusiastic and cheerful. Now a lot of unified movements and routines have been developed, and the names of the movements and routines vary from place to place, and have given rise to a number of dance programs.
Such as young people dancing "new point of light" there are more than 30 sets, there are two middle-aged and elderly women to carry the big point of light to dance "point of light central" and the elderly men dancing "Gawain" ( soft dance) and so on. There are also the "Ga Point Yang" danced by two middle-aged and elderly women carrying large points and the "Ga Wen" (soft dance) danced by elderly men. The Elephant's Foot Drum Dance is a male dance that is both self-indulgent and performative.
The elephant foot drum is based on the shape of the drum and take the name, the Dai people generally collectively referred to as "Gaguang", but on the long, medium and small three kinds of elephant foot drums and have their own names. This kind of dance is based on the dance of the elephant foot drum, accompanied by sharp points and cymbals, or drums and cymbals can be danced.
The long elephant foot drum drum body length of one meter eight to two meters, the Dai language called "Ga light around", all over the world, but to Ruili County's most representative. Long elephant foot drum is used for accompaniment, you can play a rich and varied drums, and there are some drum language, such as "about pen Luo, about pen Luo, about must be about Li Li" (meaning "good lift, good lift, wings good lift"); can also be side.
2. Write a Dai essayThe origin and legend of the Water Festival The Water Festival is an annual traditional festival of the Dai people (April 13-15 on the solar calendar). In Dai language, it is called "Lenghe Shanghan", i.e. "June New Year" or "Dai New Year". In fact, the Water Splashing Festival is the New Year's Day of the Dai Calendar, because the Dai Calendar, the new year is counted from the beginning of June. However, there are two kinds of legends about the origin of the Water Splashing Festival. A long time ago, an unscrupulous devil king took over the beautiful and rich Xishuangbanna, and snatched seven beautiful girls to be his wife. The girls were filled with hatred and planned how to kill the devil king. One night, the youngest girl Nongxiang with the best meat and wine, the Devil King drunk, so that he revealed his fatal weakness. It turned out that the king was not afraid of the world, not afraid of the devil, is afraid of his hair strangling their necks, vigilant little girl carefully pulled off the king of a red hair, strangling his neck. Sure enough, the Demon King's head fell off and turned into a ball of fire, rolling to wherever the evil fire spread to. The bamboo buildings were burned down and the crops were scorched. In order to extinguish the evil fire, the little girl grabbed the head of the devil king, and the other six girls took turns to keep pouring water on it, and finally extinguished the evil fire in the sixth month of the Dai calendar. The townspeople began to live in peace and happiness. From then on, there was the custom of splashing water in every year. Now, the custom of splashing water has actually become a form of mutual blessing. In the view of the Dai people, water is a symbol of holiness, beauty and light. With water in the world, everything can grow, water is the god of life. The story of the Dai Water Splashing Festival in Lijiang's Huaping area is unique. The Dai people here are the northernmost Dai tribe in China and even in Asia. Their story is this: Legend has it that a long time ago, the Jinsha River, a gathering in the deep forest of the Dai village, because of the forest fire, the villagers are in danger of being engulfed in flames, a Dai man named Li Liang, in order to protect the village, undaunted by the dangers of rushing out of the fire net, picking from the Jinsha River buckets of river water, sprinkled with fire, after a day and a night of hard work, the mountain fire was finally splashed, the villagers were saved, Li Liang! Because of the exhaustion of sweat flow dry, thirst on the hill. The villagers called fresh water to Li Liang to quench their thirst, but after drinking ninety-nine picks of water could not quench their thirst, and then Li Liang jumped headlong into the river, turned into a giant dragon, and went down the river. Some people said that he turned into a big tree. Dai people in order to commemorate Li Liang, every year on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar, each house cleaned up, sprinkled with pine leaves, and in the selected riverside or wells, with the green tree set up a half-mile-long green shed, under the shed sprinkled with thick pine needles, both sides of the water tank full of water, the sun when the top of the midday when the crowds walk under the shed with each other with a pine branch dipped in the water sprinkled body, expressed the nostalgia and the blessing for the new year of Li Liang. This activity continues to this day, and has become the festival of the Dai people to celebrate the old and welcome the new, and to bless the auspicious festival - the Water Splashing Festival. When the Water Splashing Festival comes, the Dai people will be busy killing pigs, chickens, brewing wine, and making a lot of "huonosuo" (rice cakes) and many kinds of poop made of glutinous rice, which will be eaten during the festival.
3. Essay on the Dai PeopleThe Dai people of China are an ethnic group with a long cultural tradition and a population of nearly one million.
They are mainly found in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan. The Dai are mainly found in the Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna in Yunnan, the Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Dai in the west, and the Menglian Autonomous County of Gengma. The Water Splashing Festival is the most important festival of the Dai people.
It is held in the fourth month of the lunar calendar every year and usually lasts for three to four days. So far, there is a myth circulating among the Dai people: in ancient times, there was a devil in the Dai area, who did a lot of evil, and people hated him so much that they could not deal with the devil in any way.
Later, seven girls discovered the devil's fatal weakness, only the devil's hair can be put to death. One night, the girls bravely killed the demon.
But as soon as the demon's head hit the ground, it burst into flames. At this point, the girls immediately took turns holding the head.
Once a year, when the replacement. The people all pour water on the girl holding the head to wash away the blood and fatigue on her body.
Later on, it formed the most important festival of the Dai people - the Water Festival. On the first day of the festival, Mai Day, the most important festival of the Dai people, the Water Festival, is celebrated.
Early in the morning, people have to collect flowers and green leaves to the Buddhist temple offerings, but to the water "bath" - for the Buddha to wash the dust. After the "bath", the collective water splashing will begin.
A group of young men and women with water, out of the streets and alleys, everyone splashed. "Water flowers put, Daijia Wang," "splash wet all over the body, happiness for life," an auspicious. Happiness. Healthy water flowers bloom in the air.
Rowing dragon boat is one of the most exciting programs of the Water Festival, often held in the Water Festival "Mai Paya Evening Ma" (the third day). On that day, people dressed in festive costumes gathered on the banks of the Lancang River, Ruili River, to watch the dragon boat racing.
The river is moored with all kinds of dragon boats, the boat sits on dozens of strong players, the signal sounded, the dragon boat will be like an arrow off the string to fly forward. Everywhere is the sound of gongs. Drums. The sound of trumpets. The atmosphere of the festival reaches *** here.
"Put Gao Sheng" is another program of the Water Festival. Gao Sheng is the Dai people a homemade fireworks, the bottom of the bamboo pole will be added to the gunpowder and other ingredients, placed on a high tower made of bamboo, the street fuse, often burned at night.
In the air put out brilliant fireworks, as if the flowers of the brocade family, colorful, very wonderful. The Water Splashing Festival is the crystallization of the traditional culture of the Dai people, and it is a happy and blissful festival.
4. Describe the folk customs of the Dai people essay clipThe major festivals of the Dai people are the Dai New Year - the Water Festival, the Door Closing Festival and the Door Opening Festival.
The Water Splashing Festival is a traditional festival for the Dai people to send off the old and welcome the new, which takes place in the middle of April on the Gregorian calendar. The main activities during the festival are worshiping ancestors, piling up sand, splashing water, throwing bags, racing dragon boats, setting off fireworks and singing and dancing and revelry.
Taboos: taboo outsiders riding horses, cattle, picking and fluffy hair into the village; into the Daijia bamboo building, to take off the shoes outside the door, and in the house to walk lightly; can not sit on top of the fire or across the fire, can not enter the owner's inner room, can not sit on the threshold; can not move the tripod on the fire, and can not use their feet to step on the fire; taboos in the home whistles, clipping fingernails; are not permitted to use the clothes as a pillow or sitting pillow; sun clothes on the pillow; the sun is not allowed to use the clothes as a pillow or sitting It is forbidden to use clothes as pillows or sit on pillows; when sunbathing clothes, tops should be sunbathed at a high place, and pants and skirts should be sunbathed at a low place; shoes should be taken off when entering a Buddhist temple, and it is forbidden to touch a series of holy objects of the Buddhist family such as the head of the young monk, Buddha statues, goshawks and flags and streamers, and so on. Daily food customs Most of the Dai people have the habit of eating two meals a day, with rice and glutinous rice as the main food.
The Dai of Dehong mainly eat round-grained rice, and the Dai of Xishuangbanna mainly eat glutinous rice. Usually is now pounded now eat, folk think: Japonica rice and rice need to rice only now eat now pounded, not to lose its original color and flavor, and therefore do not eat or rarely eat overnight rice, used to eat with a hand pinch rice.
Outdoor laborers often fish meals in the field, with a banana leaf or a crowd of rice together with a ball of glutinous rice, accompanied by salt, chili, sour pork, roast chicken, mumble (Dai, meaning sauce), moss can be eaten loose. All the accompanying dishes and snacks are mainly sour, such as sour bamboo shoots, sour pea flour, sour meat and wild sour fruit; like to eat dry sauerkraut, the method is to dry the greens,.
5. Introducing the Dai EssayOverview of Dai Customs
The Dai are one of the 56 ethnic minorities in China, mostly clustered along the borders of China's Yunnan Province. According to the statistics, the population of Dai is 1,025,128. The Dai have their own history and customs, and this essay will introduce four aspects of Dai customs: food, religion, festivals and taboos.
1. Diet
Like most Asian ethnic groups, the diet of the Dai people is based on cereals. The Dai's staple cereal varies slightly from region to region. According to Zhong Fulan's article "Introduction to the Customs of the Dai People", the Dai people in Dehong mainly eat stalked rice, while the Dai people in Xishuangbanna mainly eat glutinous rice. (3) The meat eaten by the Dai people is mainly pork, beef and chicken and duck, but rarely mutton. (Zhong Fulan 3) Bitter bamboo shoots and bitter melon are common vegetables among the Dai. The Dai people are fond of insects, and cicadas, bamboo worms, and spiders are all ingredients of Dai snacks. (Zhong Fulan 3)
2. Religious Beliefs
The Dai are a people who believe in Theravada (Hinayana) Buddhism. Unlike the Mahayana Buddhism practiced by the Han Chinese, the Hinayana Buddhism practiced by the Dai people does not have the belief in the Bodhisattva, nor does it have the custom of burning precept scars. As in other Hinayana Buddhist regions, Dai boys are required to become monks before they reach adulthood and receive the Shamata precepts, a religious education in a temple, and then they can choose to return to their homes or stay in the temple to continue their training and become full monks with the bhiksu precepts. Those who are not ordained will be considered underage or uneducated.
3. Festivals
Most of the Dai festivals are Buddhist, the most famous of which is the Water Splashing Festival. In the article The Origin and Legend of the Dai Water Festival, the author points out that the Water Festival originated from the rituals of Brahminism in India, and was later absorbed by Buddhism and became the Buddha Bathing Festival. The Water Splashing Festival is also the beginning of the year in Dai culture. (1) The Water Splashing Festival is usually held in the middle of April in the Gregorian calendar.
4. Taboos
The taboos of the Dai people include, but are not limited to:
Walking in the house with shoes on; crossing the fire pit; touching the bald head of a young monk; hanging pants higher than the top when drying clothes, etc.
6. Essay on DaiThe Songwaters Festival is the grandest festival of the Dai people, and it is the festival of the ethnic minorities of Yunnan with the greatest influence and the largest number of participants.
The Water Festival is the grandest festival of the Dai people. The Songkran Festival is the new year of the Dai calendar, equivalent to the middle of April in the Gregorian calendar, and the festival usually lasts three to seven days. The first day is called "Mai Day" in Dai language, which is similar to the New Year's Eve in the lunar calendar; the second day is called "Worry Day" in Dai language (Empty Day); the third day is the New Year, which is called "Bao Nang Ma", which is the first day of the year, and is considered as the best and the most auspicious day. The third day is the New Year, called "BaNanMa", which is the first day of the year, and people regard this day as the most beautiful and auspicious day. Early in the morning of the festival, the Dai men, women and children dressed in festive costumes, picking up water, first to the Buddhist temple to bathe in the Buddha, and then began to splash each other, wishing each other good luck, happiness and health. People dance while shouting "Water! Water! Water!" The sound of drums and gongs resonates through the sky, and the blessed water splashes everywhere, which is really a spectacular scene. The Dai mainly live in Xishuangna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Dai, Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Gengma and Menglian in Yunnan Province, while the rest are scattered in more than 30 counties such as Xinping and Yuanjiang. The population is more than 1,025,000 (4th Census, 1990). On January 24, 1953, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was established. Later, the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan was established (July 24, 1953), the Menglian Dai and Lahu Wa Autonomous County of Yunnan (June 16, 1954), the Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County of Yunnan (October 16, 1955), the Yuanjiang Hani and Yi Autonomous County of Yunnan (November 22, 1980), and the Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County of Yunnan (November 25, 1980). November 25, 1980) . The Dai are an ethnic group with a long history. As far back as the first century A.D., there were already records of the Dai in Chinese historical records. In the Han Dynasty, they were called "Dian Yue" and "Shan", and in the Tang and Song Dynasties, they were called "Golden Tooth" and "Black Tooth", Baiyi", "Baiyi", "Baiyi", "Baiyi" in the Tang and Song dynasties, and "Baiyi" in the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. After 1949, in accordance with the wishes of the Dai people, the name "Dai" was given. Usually, the Dai in the interior and the Dai on the border are called "Dry Dai" and "Water Dai" respectively. The former is called Han Dai due to its proximity to the Han people and absorption of Han culture, and is blackmailed as "Dry Dai", while the Dai in Xishuangbanna, Menglian and Ruili, which maintains more ethnic characteristics, is called "Water Dai". The Dai people call themselves "Dai tithe", "Dai Ya", "Dai Na", "Dai bandage" and so on. Dai Dragon Boat Race The Dai have their own language and writing system. The language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The two kinds of Dai scripts in Xishuangbanna and Dehong that are in use now are pinyin scripts, which evolved from Pali script in southern India. The Dai people are not only good at singing and dancing, but also have created a splendid culture, in which the Dai Calendar, Dai medicine and narrative poems are the most famous. The year of Dai calendar is a solar year, while the month is a lunar month, and the year is divided into three seasons of cold, heat and rain, and the September of every third year is a leap month, which is still commonly used in Thailand and Myanmar. Dai medicine, together with Mongolian, Tibetan and Viennese medicine, has become one of the four most famous ethnic medicine systems in China. There are many narrative poems circulating in the Dai area, such as "Shao Shu Tun and Nam Mu Nona", "Lan Jia Xi He", "The Story of Allan", etc. The Dai Opera has a history of more than 100 years. Dai opera has a history of more than 100 years. Most of the Dai believe in Hinayana Buddhism. The Dai region of Xishuangbanna rubber production has increased significantly, "Pu'er tea" is well known in China and abroad, local and township enterprises are developing rapidly, there are mining, machinery, electricity, chemicals, ceramics, leather, paper and other factories and mines. The major festivals of the Dai people are the Dai New Year - the Water Festival, the Door Closing Festival and the Door Opening Festival. The "Water Splashing Festival" is a traditional festival of the Dai people, which is held in the middle of April in the Gregorian calendar. The main activities during the festival are worshiping ancestors, piling up sand, splashing water, throwing bags, racing dragon boats, setting off fireworks and singing and dancing and revelry.
7. The Peacock DanceThe Peacock Dance is a representative folk dance of the Dai people. Many villages of the Dai people have people who are good at dancing the peacock dance. As a result of the generations and folk artists carefully created, the formation of a distinctive, different schools of peacock dance. The content of the peacock dance, mostly for the performance of the peacock running down the mountain, strolling through the forest, drinking water, chasing and playing, dragging the wings, sun wings, wings, wings, shaking wings, bright wings, pointing to the water, stomping, resting on the branches, open screen, flying and so on. Feelings inherent implicit, rich dance vocabulary, dance rich in sculpture, dance movements are kept in a semi-squatting posture on the even trembling, the body and every joint of the arm are bent, forming the unique three bends in the dance posture modeling, hand shape and hand movements are also more, the same dance and footwork, different hand shape or hand movements, there are different aesthetics and mood. Peacock Dance has strict programs and requirements, standardized status charts and footwork, and each movement is accompanied by corresponding drums. In addition to imitating the various movements of peacock life, but also the performance of mythological stories, the Peacock Dance in Dehong Prefecture more than one peacock in the forest was snatched by the devil or the king, the other flew to look for the scene, the Peacock Dance in Xishuangbanna Prefecture is mostly taken from the folklore of the "ShaoShuTun and NangMuNuoNa" in the plot of the prince and the princess of the peacock to meet again. In the dances that express mythological stories, there are also golden deer, monkeys, elephants, hunters and other appearances. Due to the climate and natural conditions, there are more peacocks in the Dai area. The Dai people have the habit of keeping peacocks since a long time ago. The Dai people believe that the peacock is beautiful, kind and wise, and is a symbol of good luck, and have reverential feelings for it. The Dai people often take the peacock as a symbol of their national spirit and express their good wishes by dancing the peacock dance. A lot of eh. Give you the URL you choose it.