[Yuan]- Ma Zhiyuan Withered vines, old trees and dusky crows, small bridges and flowing rivers. The old road with the west wind and the thin horses. The sun is setting in the west, and the broken hearted people are at the end of the world.
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On the old trees entwined with withered vines, there are crows returning to their nests at dusk; beside the small bridge, there are a few houses reflected in the gurgling water; and on the desolate old road, a wanderer on a skinny horse comes along in the bleak wind of autumn. The sun has long been sinking in the west, the wandering heartbreaker is still far away from the end of the world.
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"Tianjingsha" is the name of the song. "Autumn Thoughts" means thoughts in autumn. The title is "Thoughts". "Autumn" is a specific season, "autumn thoughts" two words sum up the content of the whole song. This song was called "the ancestor of autumn thoughts" by later generations.
Edit this section of the song format
△ flat △ oblique flat, △ flat △ oblique flat, △ oblique flat oblique △. △Ping△仄, △Ping△仄平平. ("△" is either flat or oblique.) Four points to note when reading this piece: ① clear rhythm ② slow speed of speech ③ low tone ④ accurate accent style The style of the work shows its elegance in its boldness, and its style is seen as free in its composure. The language of Ma Zhiyuan's operas is clear and beautiful, and he is good at refining the simple and natural phrases to make them exquisite and expressive. The songs are full of strong lyricism and subjectivity. Ma Zhiyuan's prose compositions. Expanding the field of subject matter and improving the artistic mood. Harmonious and beautiful tone, sparse and bold language, both elegant and vulgar. The words are clear and elegant, but not colorful, "the words of Taihe Dongli, such as the sunrise and the phoenix. The words are so elegant and clear that they can fly down with the spirit of light and scenery, and they have the meaning that the mute is outpaced by the long sound of the hyena. It is also like a divine phoenix flying in the sky, which can't be compared with a mortal bird! It is appropriate to be listed above the group of heroes.
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Small bridge and flowing water family - Yuan Dynasty dramatist Ma Zhiyuan's former residence. In the west of Beijing Mentougou District, Wangping Town, Leek Yuen Village, west of the slope of the hill village, there is a Yuan Dynasty mansion, the villagers said for generations that this is the former residence of Ma Zhiyuan. Where the residence of the leek village is "Wang Ping Road" of the road, "Wang Ping Road" by Mentougou District, Wang Ping, Dadais, Muchengjian, Zhuangtucun, Thousands of military platforms, Zhangjia Village, seven miles of graves and other villages and towns, to the military sound of the township and the West Beijing Avenue will be met. Chive Garden Village consists of four villages: Chive Garden Village, East Lokpo Village, West Lokpo Village and Qiaoljian Village. The former residence of Ma Zhiyuan is located in Xilupo Village, facing west and east, and is a large courtyard. In front of the residence, there is a small bridge and flowing water, and on the wall of the shadow wall in front of the door, it is written "Ma Zhiyuan's former residence", and there is an introduction of Ma Zhiyuan's life. Walking around the wall, we came to the courtyard. The courtyard is very large, with rooms on the northwest and southeast sides, three or five rooms on each side. For a long time no one lives, is now very dilapidated, the courtyard weeds, debris all over the place. Ma Zhiyuan's famous song "Tianjingsha - Autumn Thoughts": "Old trees withered vines and dusky crows, small bridges and flowing rivers, thin horses in the west wind of the old road, the sun setting in the west, the broken hearted people at the end of the world". It's not a bad portrayal of the vicissitudes of the old roads in western Beijing.
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This is Ma Zhiyuan's famous little song, 28 words draw a picture of the deserted countryside. This piece is composed with a scene of a broken hearted man touching his feelings. From the title, Tianjingsha-Autumn Thoughts
The author's motivation for expressing his feelings is clear. The first two lines "withered vines, old trees and crows, small bridges and flowing homes", it creates a cold and dark atmosphere, but also shows a fresh and quiet realm, where the withered vines, old trees give a person the feeling of desolation, faint, point out the time is evening; small bridges and flowing homes give a person a feeling of elegance and idleness. 12 words draw a picture of a secluded village in late fall, the picture. The 12 words paint a picture of a secluded village in late autumn. The poet depicts a bleak and desolate scene of the old road with thin horses in the west wind, adding another layer of desolation to the secluded village. The setting sun makes this dim picture have a few miserable light, deepening the sad atmosphere. The poet has skillfully linked up ten kinds of ordinary objective scenes, and through the six words of withered, old, dim, ancient, west, and thin, the poet's infinite sadness is naturally implied in the picture. The last sentence, the broken hearted man at the end of the world is the finishing touch, then in the picture of the village and field in late autumn, there is a wandering son of the end of the world, in the sunset on the desolate road, holding a thin horse, facing the bitter autumn wind, roaming in faith, sadness broken, but I do not know where his homecoming, revealing the poet's sadness of the unrecognized, aptly showing the theme, this small order is to take the technique of the emotion in the scene to render the atmosphere, showing the theme. This little song adopts the technique of putting feelings into the scenery to render the atmosphere and show the theme, and perfectly expresses the sadness of the traveler who is wandering at the end of the world. Similar to this song, there is also a poem by Du Fu that reads, "Tears splash on the flowers when feeling the time, and birds startle the heart when hating parting." Ma Zhiyuan's little song, just 28 words, has far-reaching meaning, exquisite structure, rising and falling of the level, staccato and rhythmic, and resounding sound, which is straight through the heart of the soul. Its artistic charm, how many ancient and modern scribes and scholars, the talented. The meaning of the song is not only "the wonderful scene of the Tang's perfect sentences" ("Words on Earth"), but also the naturalness of the Song's elegant and sparse lyrics, which has always been regarded as a masterpiece of describing nature, and can be called "the ancestor of autumnal thoughts" ("Rhymes of the Central Plains"). It depicts the sadness of a wanderer in the twilight of late autumn and the sorrowful feeling of missing his hometown. You see: under the setting sun, the crows are returning to their nests, by the small bridge, the farmers are going home; while on the desolate old road, in the cold autumn wind, our hero is a tired man and a thin horse, walking alone, where to stay at night, and where to go tomorrow? Where he will stay at night and where he will go tomorrow is still unknown. How can this not make him sad and miss his hometown? The whole song does not have an "autumn", but writes the desolate and desolate scene of late autumn; does not use a "thought", but writes the heavy nostalgia and sadness of a traveler to the fullest extent. As the saying goes, "Without writing a word, it is as elegant as it can be." "At the beginning of the little order, from the near place, "in the branches of an old tree entwined with withered vines, a few crows are guarding their nests and cawing", it will show the readers a gloomy and solemn scene in the late autumn. The late fall scene is shown in front of the reader, tightly clasping the reader's heartstrings. "Vine", "trees", "crows", this is a common sight in the countryside, there is nothing special, but once with the "withered", "old "old", "old", "faint" combined with the match, a depression and austere atmosphere immediately rose from between the lines, shrouded in the reader's mind, coupled with the conversion of the level and oblique and the rhyming of the rhyme with," Pingping - oblique - Pingping -", two words at a time, the tone from low to high, and then from high to low, "withered, old, faint" progressive, tight pressure over, let a person feel the breath is closed, there is a gasp! The feeling of not being able to breathe. "Small bridges and flowing homes," the poet turned, the reader's eyes followed to the distance, a set of pictures full of peace and tranquility of life in front of us, we are highly tense emotions are also slowed down, long exhaled a breath. This is not only a poetic depiction of the distant scenery, but also expresses the wandering poet's yearning and desire for a leisurely and quiet idyllic life. In the use of level and oblique tones, the combination of "oblique flat - flat oblique - flat flat -" is used, and the tone is cheerful and gentle due to the change of level and oblique tones. The phrase "small bridges and flowing rivers" has become a perfect line for describing the poetic idyllic life of the countryside. "The old road has a thin horse in the west wind." The poet's brush, and will pull us from the beautiful longing and yearning back to the helpless reality: the ancient road, withered west wind, thin horses, no matter willingly or unwillingly, like it or not, people in the jianghu, can not help it, wandering the ends of the earth's lonely journey still have to continue. "oblique - flat - oblique -", the sound of a change, the breath also from the soothing again to short, showing the poet's anger, our mood can not help but follow the tension. "Sunset -," "Pingpingping仄-" Our hearts were once again gripped by the poet: the setting sun died in the west, the twilight haze covered, the poet who had to labor in a desperate manner Where will the poet stay tonight? Where will he go tomorrow? "Broken hearted people at the end of the world." Poet at this time the feelings of sadness overflowing, is a kind of thick sadness only under the brow, and on the heart, so "oblique flat - oblique flat -" the poet issued a sigh of the sky, and thus the end. "A sad traveler, wandering in a distant land." Is it sadness? Is it loneliness? Is it sadness? Is it helplessness? Or is it hopelessness? And it seems to be both. This is not only the poet's feelings and sighs for the life situation, but also a powerful questioning and ruthless revelation of the dark reality at that time. The whole song seems to be purely descriptive at first, but when scrutinized carefully, it is full of metaphors and symbols. The refined and accurate use of words, the exquisite and skillful structure, and the profound and wide-ranging meaning of the allegory are really rare. This little poem is a vivid expression of the sadness of a long-time exile. This small order syntax is unique, the first three lines are composed of noun phrases, a **** list of nine kinds of scenery, simple words but rich in meaning. The word "broken heart" is the eye of the poem. It expresses the miserable and sad feeling of a wanderer in the fall who misses his hometown and is tired of wandering. This small order to send feelings in the object, the feelings of misery and sadness, through the many natural scenery of the distinctive image, the heavy colors of late autumn, portrayed to the fullest.
Editor's Comment
The poem is composed of only five lines and 28 words, the language of which is extremely condensed, but the capacity is huge, and the few strokes of the poem draw a picture of the sadness of a wanderer who longs to return home, which conveys the heart of a wanderer who is wandering and in detention. This picture consists of two parts: one, by carefully selected groups of scenery that can represent the Xiaoqiu composed of a twilight pale autumn field scene; two, expresses the depths of the heart endless sadness and solo travel in the cold autumn of the end of the world silhouette of the traveler. The first picture *** 18 words nine nouns, none of the imaginary words, but natural and rich in meaning, the author with his skillful artistic techniques, so that nine different scenes bathed in the setting sun under the light, like a movie camera as a "montage" of the penmanship in front of us in order to present, at once bring the reader into the late autumn: a few withered vines entwined with a few trees, a few trees, a few trees, a few trees, a few trees, a few trees, a few trees, a few trees, a few words. A few withered vines entwined with a few withered yellow leaves of the bald tree, in the autumn wind shivering, the sky point of cold crows, sound wailing ...... wrote a soughing sad autumn scenery, resulting in a bleak and decadent atmosphere, highlighting the author's inner sadness. We can imagine that the crows can still have the old tree to return to, but the wanderer is wandering without a home, it is difficult to return, between what is so miserable and helpless ah! Next, a small bridge, gurgling water, and vaguely rising smoke of the small farmhouse. This kind of idyllic scene is so quiet and sweet, peaceful and leisurely. All this can not help but make the wandering wanderer think of his hometown bridge, water and relatives. Here, the music scene to write the sadness, people feel more desolate, set off the wanderer who fell into the other country that the inner helplessness of the sadness of the guest. In the second painting, we can see, in the sullen autumn wind, in the lonely old road, full of nostalgia of the traveler but riding a delayed return of the thin horse, in the dreary twilight to the far away and walk alone. At this time, the setting sun is sinking in the west, spreading the cold slanting sunshine, this is the birds and birds back to their nests, sheep and cattle back to the circle, the reunion of people home, but the traveler is still "broken hearted people at the end of the world", at this time, this situation, the traveler wandering in his hometown in the face of such a bleak and desolate scene, how can not be from the sadness, how can not tear his heart and lungs, how can not be broken hearted! How can he not be broken-hearted and cut off? A wandering traveler's heart in the autumn wind bloody ...... A very short song, expressing the meaning of the difficult to describe, image depicts the end of the world of the wanderer's bleak, pathos of the inner world, giving a person a shocking artistic feeling. Let people read it and feel its bitterness, and sing it and feel its heart more. Read this song and not tearful people do not know its meaning. The reason why this song has won such high praise, on the one hand, it is because it depicts a wonderful picture of the late autumn evening, truly expresses the lonely and sad feelings of the people at the end of the world, although the mood is low, but reflects the atmosphere of the dreary times, and has a certain social significance. On the other hand, more importantly, it has high artistic achievements. The more obvious features are: 1. Simplicity and depth of the fine depend on the ancient Song Yu once used "increase a minute is too long, reduce a minute is too short" to describe the beauty of the right size. The text of "Autumn Thoughts on Tianjingsha" is so concise that it can no longer add or subtract a word. The whole only five sentences, twenty-eight words, neither hyperbole, nor the use of canonical, purely white sketches sketched out such a vivid picture: the dusk of late autumn, a dusty wanderer, riding a thin horse, facing a burst of cold wind in the west, walking alone on the ancient road. He walked through the old trees covered with withered vines, saw the twilight crows about to return to their nests circling in the treetops; he walked across the small bridge over the stream, came to the streamside of the door of a few families, the sun is about to set, but he has not yet found a place to sleep, to meet him another long night, can not help but be sad from the heart, his liver cut off. As for why the wanderer drifted here? Where is he going? The reader is left to his or her own imagination. This small order is really worthy of being a masterpiece of simplicity and richness of meaning, with fewer than many. The first three sentences of the small order, eighteen words, *** wrote the vine, trees, crows, bridges, water, home, road, wind, horses, nine things, a word, a word, a word, a scene, it can be said that the "ink is like gold". However, condensed and not simple, nine things before the name were crowned with withered, old, faint, small, flow, people, ancient, west, thin and other characteristics of their respective modifiers, so that each of the things have taken on a distinctive personality, but also to make the things that are not related to each other in the bleak twilight in the late autumn, constituting a unity. The author did not write the orientation of these things, nor did he write the relationship between these things and the activities of the traveler, but the reader can imagine and closely linked them. In the simplicity, the depth of detail is seen. 2. Static and dynamic scenes reflect the artistic effect of "Tianjingsha Autumn Thoughts", but also thanks to the successful use of contrasting techniques. The author will be many relatively independent things into a picture at the same time, thus forming a dynamic and static, light and dark, background and the main body of the mutual reflection: in the dynamic "water", and in the static "bridge" "home" contrast, more than ever. People's homes", showing the quietness of the environment; "west wind" and "old road", making the road more desolate; in the author's outline of the autumnal landscape, one side is the withered vines, old trees, crows in the autumn winds in the gray, and the other side is the sunset light to the withered vines, old trees, crows in the autumn winds, and the other side is the sunset light to the withered vines. Is the setting sun's afterglow to the withered vines, old trees, crows painted with a touch of golden color; "small bridges and flowing water home", presenting a school of elegant, comfortable scene, and fell into the foreign land of the wanderer, so that the "broken hearted people" add more sadness. From the whole composition, the first four sentences are about scenery, and the last sentence is about people. But people are the main body, the scenery is the background of human activities, the background is written fully, the main body will be emphasized. This is the wonderful use of mutual contrast. 3. The scenery and feelings are blended with the poem. This small order aims to express the miserable feelings of the people at the end of the world. But human thoughts and feelings are abstract things, difficult to express. The author uses the traditional method of writing on objects to portray this feeling of misery and sadness to the fullest extent. Withered vines, old trees, crows, the west wind, thin horses, the setting sun, these tangible sensible things, with the obvious color of the autumn, and the intangible abstract feelings of misery, there is a common place, with the tangible expression of the intangible, so as to make people feel concrete and vivid. Just as "How many sorrows can you have? Like a river of spring water flowing eastward", "sadness" and "water" has no connection, but the author borrowed the river's water, a metaphor for the sadness of the more, the two have "just like" place! The author uses the scene of the river flowing east to express the infinite feelings of sadness, which is very profound. The natural scenery originally has no thought and feeling, but when the poet put these objective things into the aesthetic knowledge and feeling, these things will be given the color of feelings, with human thought and feeling into one. "Small bridges and flowing homes", but is very common ordinary scenery, but when it and "broken hearted people at the end of the world" in the same picture, it is no longer an isolated scene, and become "broken hearted people" heartbreaking and intestinal broken. But when it is in the same scene with the "broken-hearted man at the end of the world", it is no longer an isolated scene, but a trigger for the "broken-hearted man" to break his heart, bringing a sad atmosphere to the scene. This is the reason why the so-called "emotion is revealed by the scene, and the scene is born by the emotion". Thoughts of Autumn in Tianjingsha" can be called a masterpiece with feelings in the scene, scenes in the feelings, and a wonderful combination of scenes without traces. The song "Tianjingsha", though short in length, is known to many people, and is a perfect song for the ages. In twenty-eight short words, it paints a very real and vivid picture of the sunset in the autumn countryside. The first three lines are a pair of tripods, introducing nine images in a row: withered vines, old trees, crows, bridges, running water, homes, old roads, west winds, thin horses, using the scenery as a backdrop, and generating feelings in the scenery, sketching out the wandering and sad feelings of the travelers on the bleak background. Here, the author creatively combines isolated natural objects together, making the whole picture rich in a sense of flow and life. At the same time, the author consciously highlights the darkness and coldness of the picture, so as to fully express the strong sadness of the "broken-hearted man" who is wandering around the world.
Editor's note
[Tianjingsha] is from "Dongli Lefu". Tianjingsha is the name of the song; Autumn Thoughts is the title. [Ma Zhiyuan] word Qianli, number Dongli (between 1251-1321 and 1324), Yuan Dadu (now Beijing), a famous miscellaneous dramatist, prose composer, one of the "four great masters of Yuan dynasty compositions". [withered vines] dry branches and vines [dusky crows] crows at dusk [family] farmhouse, writing the poet's desire for a cozy family; the end of the world: noun, here refers to the sky. [Ancient Road]The old stagecoach road (road) which has been abandoned and can no longer be used [West Wind]Autumn wind [Thin Horse]Horse with bones as thin as firewood [Broken Hearted]Describes the person who is sad and grieving to the extreme, this refers to the traveler who is drifting to the end of the world, extremely sad, and has fallen to other places [End of the World]Describes the place which is extremely far away
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Tianjingsha- Autumn (Bai Pu) The lonely village is in a sunset with the remaining haze, and the light smoke is under the old trees with the cold crows. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that. The green mountains and green water, white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers. ***The same characteristics: the same genre (small order), the description of the autumn scenery, the first two sentences of each two words are a separate thing, the same emotions (sadness, depression) Differences: Ma Zhiyuan's "Autumn Thoughts" is not only writing the scenery but also people, highlighting the "thoughts", in the last two lines, Bai Park wrote the "thoughts", and in the last two lines, Bai Park wrote the "thoughts". The last two lines of Bai Pu's writing is more bland.
Editor's Introduction
Ma Zhiyuan (about 1251~1321-1324) was a famous playwright and composer in the Yuan Dynasty. Representative plays include Han Palace Autumn and Tears in a Green Shirt. He was a native of Dadu (present-day Beijing). Ma Zhiyuan was famous for his characters. With Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu and Zheng Guangzu, he was known as one of the four great masters of Chinese opera. He was born later than Guan Hanqing, Bai Park and others, and was born before 1264, and died between 1321-1324, the first year of the reign and the first year of Taiding. He was a provincial official in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and later lived in "seclusion". "He was a famous playwright of the Yuan Dynasty. He was a famous playwright in the Yuan dynasty, there are 15 kinds of miscellaneous dramas, today there are "breaking the dream of lonely geese Han Palace Autumn", "Jiangzhou Sima tears", "Xihuashan Chen Bogao lying", "LvDongBin three drunken YueYangLou", "MaDanYang three times RenFengZi", "midnight thunderbolt recommendation of blessing monument" 6 kinds of, and LiShiZhong, the red word Li two, flower LiLang co-write "Handan road to wake up to the yellow sorghum dream" a book. He was also a famous composer of prose songs, with a volume of "Dongli Lefu" in his collection, which now has 104 small orders and 23 sets of songs. Ma Zhiyuan wrote sixteen kinds of plays, the surviving ones are Jiangzhou Sima Qingshi Tears, Broken Dreams of Lonely Geese and Autumn in the Han Palace, Lv Dongbin Three Drunken Yueyang Tower, Midnight Thunderbolt Recommendation of Good Fortune Monument, Ma Danyang Three Times Renfeng Zi, Open Altar and Explain the Teaching of Huangliang Dream, and Chen Tuan Lying on the Mountain of Xihuashan. Ma Zhiyuan's loose music works are also famous, there is a volume of the compilation book "Dongli Lefu", which contains 104 small orders and 18 sets. The contents of his plays are mainly about the deification of Taoist priests, and the scripts all involve the stories of Quanzhen Buddhism. Jia Zhongming said in a poem at the end of the Yuan and beginning of the Ming Dynasty, "Ma Zhixian in the bush of 10,000 flowers, and Zhiyuan is said to be the focus of a hundred generations," and "the name of the fragrance of the whole Pearland. Autumn in the Han Palace" is Ma Zhiyuan's early work, and is also one of the most famous of Ma Zhiyuan's plays, which plays the story of Wang Zhaojun's departure from the embassy to make peace with her family. This event on the calendar, the original is only the Emperor of Han Yuan Di will be a courtesan married to the internal annexation of the South Xiongnu monarch as a means of enlisting, in the book of the record is also very simple. And "the book of the later Han Dynasty - South Xiongnu biography" added Zhaojun self-petition out of the plug and bid farewell to the emperor was surprised at its beauty, want to stay but can not be the plot, on a story color. Later generations of notebooks and novels, literati poetry and folk literature repeatedly mentioned this matter, the historical facts have been added to the transformation. The Recommendation of Good Fortune Tablet is also an early play by Ma Zhiyuan, writing about Zhang Hao, a poor scholar who had bad luck again and again, and even the elders of the Recommendation of Good Fortune Temple asked him to make a topography of a tablet in the temple and sell it to make money to pay for the examination in Beijing, and in the middle of the night there would be a thunder and lightning that would destroy the tablet. Afterwards, his luck changed and he was awarded the Scholarship with the financial support of Fan Zhongyan, and he became a great man. The play shows his dissatisfaction with the social status quo in many places, such as: "This wall is blocking the way of the wise, and that wall is blocking the way of the civil service. Nowadays, the smarter one is, the more one suffers from smartness, the more one enjoys the blessings of dementia, and the more one gets rich." This play focuses on the author's complaints about his unrecognized talent and his fatalistic outlook on life, and it also reflects the bitterness of many contemporary literati who are in a situation of extremely low social status. Tears in a Green Shirt" is a romantic drama that evolved from Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing", a fictionalized story of Bai Juyi's sadness and happiness with Pei Xingnu, a prostitute, with the deceitful sabotage of a merchant and a bawd inserted in the middle of it, resulting in a dramatic entanglement. In the triangular relationship between the scholar, the merchant and the prostitute, the prostitute ultimately loves the scholar but not the merchant, which is also a kind of self-indulgence of the downtrodden literati. Ma Zhiyuan wrote the most "immortal and Taoist" dramas. Yue Yang Lou, Chen Tuan Gao Li, Ren Feng Zi, and Huang Liang Meng, all of which recount the deeds and promote the teachings of Quan Zhen. The main tendency of these Taoist fairy stories is to preach that life is like a dream, and that wealth and fame are not enough, and that people should be free of right and wrong, free from all constraints, including family, wife, and children, and free and free in the mountains and forests, and seek immortality and Taoism. The play advocates avoiding real conflicts and opposes people's struggle for their own real interests, which is a cowardly and pessimistic attitude. But on the other hand, the play also criticizes the social status quo, denies the traditional values centered on the cause of success and fame, and puts the "self-adaptation" of life in a more important position, which also implies the significance of attaching importance to the value of the individual's existence, although the author fails to find a reasonable way of realizing the value of the individual.
Edit Paragraph English Appreciation
My Feeling in the Autumn ----- Tian jing sha On an old tree wreathed by leafless vines, Dry wine, old tree, crows at dusk. low bridge , stream running, cottages, Ancient road, west wind, lean horse, The sun westering, And one with breaking heart at the sky's edge.
My Feeling in the Autumn Tian jing sha