Sha Yuanbing and Zhang Jian came from different backgrounds, one from a scholarly family and the other from a small family. But the two men, through their own unremitting efforts, climbed up the steps of the imperial examinations, and at the same time, the gold list, a jinshi and the first, and a big kui the world. They both entered the Hanlin Academy, which was the dream of intellectuals at that time, and one of them was authorized to be a compiler and the other one was appointed as an editor. Guangxu twenty-four years (1898), they resigned from the court together, began to *** with the cooperation of the entrepreneurial road.
Sha Yuanbing (1864-1927), the word Jianan, alias ? Beard, a native of Rugao, Jiangsu Province. His father, Sha Baochen (the word Yingxian), and his mother, Sun Lianzhen, were very knowledgeable and taught their children very strictly. Sha Yuanbing was a good student since childhood, and could not put down his scrolls. In 1881, he was admitted as a student of the Academy, and in 1891, he was successful in the township examination. Sha Yuanbing met Zhang Jian in the year of "Dexu, when they met in the capital". In the year of "the year of the execution of Xu" is the year of Chen, that is, the eighteenth year of Guangxu (1892), they both took part in the examination of this year, and so "encountered the capital", the result of Sha Yuanbing in the Tribute to the style, and Zhang Jian failed to win, "is to give up its test equipment "The result was that Sha Yuanbing was successful in the examination, while Zhang Jian failed in the examination. Guangxu twenty years (1894), the two "again on the bus, so with the court test", after the palace examination, Sha Yuan Bing selected as a commoner, and Zhang Jian became a scholar, the example of the Hanlin Academy Cultivation. July 8, Sha Yuan Bing returned to his hometown; and Zhang Jian, a six-person Beijing official was involved in the emperor and the party struggle, until September 17, father's mourning south back to his hometown. After this, the two men were very close, sometimes there are letters, but also use every opportunity to see each other. Guangxu twenty-third year (1897) in the first month, Zhang Jian to Dongtai when traveling back and forth by way of Rugao, had twice visited Sha Yuan Bing, Sha Yuan Bing special banquet. They had also discussed "Tong, sea, such as, Tai, music and dance things", Zhang Jian also Sha Yuan Bing's parents seventy birthday wrote a birthday preface and birthday screen.
The twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (1898) Leap March, has been put into the industrial Zhang Jian into Beijing to the Hanlin Academy to cancel the long-delayed worry about the leave, and Sha Yuan Bing Beijing Shi met, live together in the Hall, together to participate in the Baohe Temple scattered Museum test. Afterwards, they witnessed their teacher, the emperor party leader and the Hundred Days Reform pivot of the phases of Weng Tongguo Kotewall was opened after the return, "worried about the Beijing Beijing, the situation will be a big change, the foreign trouble will also be urgent," the loss of confidence. Sha Yuanbing "to two relatives of high age, visit the report to return to the foster", June 3, he and Zhang Jian together to leave the capital to return to the south. Zhang Jian mocked himself, said: "thirty years of study, in the official half a day, so the world, ridiculous people! Sha Yuanbing went home and named his study as "Zhiyi", determined to "read to raise their aspirations to end their lives". This time the two abandoned the government to return to his hometown, a "strong man a go and not return" of the bravery, from now on, single-mindedly committed to the establishment of industry and education, to benefit the people of China.
Sha Yuanbing has made indelible contributions to the development of Tongzhou and Rugao education. He and Zhang Jian together to build schools, reform education, the implementation of education to save the country, "enlighten the people, the threat to the strong, to clean up the shame of the country, and revitalize my China".
Sha Yuanbing participated in the founding of Tongzhou Normal School. Guangxu 28 (1902) in the first month, Zhang Jian set Tong, such as, Tai, Hai Shiqiao discussion of the establishment of teacher training schools, Sha Yuanbing participated in the meeting. In late February, Zhang Jian went to Jiangning to persuade Liu Kunyi, Governor of the Two Rivers, first of all, the teacher training, one year after the establishment of the states and counties, respectively, higher, unusual small schools, three years after the establishment of secondary schools in the provinces, five years after the provinces to set up higher education colleges, the capital set up a large school. This move by Liu Kunyi around the old-fashioned officials of the attack, Liu Kunyi is the twilight gradually increased, can not make up his mind. So Zhang Jian returned to Tongzhou to establish their own Tongzhou Normal School. March 19, Sha Yuanbing accompanied Zhang Jian in the west of the city, such as Beijing Jiang Gongshuo survey site, and finally determined to use the southeast of the city outside the Haohe River, thousand Buddha Temple ruins site to build the school. On April 21, Zhang Jian sent the "Tongzhou Private Normal School Public Report" to Sha Yuan Bing and others, and after consultation and revision, Sha Yuan Bing sent it to Liu Kunyi for approval. On May 13, Zhang Jian met with Sha Yuanbing and Fan Dangshi to discuss the specifics of opening a teacher training school, and drew up the Statute for the Opening of the Tongzhou Teacher Training School. In October, Sha Yuanbing and Zhang Jian together should be moved to oversee the two rivers of Zhang Zhidong's invitation to discuss education in Jiangning, but also visited the proposed change to the new style of school Wenzheng College. After returning to Tongzhou, Sha Yuanbing immediately visited Zhang Jian at the Tongji School. On April 1 of the following year, China's first private teacher training school was completed and opened. Although the main training of elementary school teachers, but teachers and students are very high degree, initially appointed a group of teachers in the famous scholar Wang Guowei and other Japanese teachers **** eighteen people, the students are the original Xiu Cai, due to apply for the examination of a lot of people, the school had to declare that "the students comply with the decree does not take the lift". The school later founded the surveying and mapping, sericulture, agriculture, engineering and other subjects, but also the establishment of engineering classrooms, agricultural classrooms, farms, museums, weather stations (meteorological stations), etc., beyond the scope of the intermediate teacher training, obviously want to develop to the tertiary school.
Sha Yuanbing also participated in the Tonghai five public secondary schools (i.e., today's Nantong High School in Jiangsu Province) was founded. Data show that the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906) March 20, Sha Yuan Bing as a representative of Rugao participated in Zhang Jian in the Tongzhou South Gate outside the Hao River side of the Tonghai five public school affairs convened by the Tongzhou view of the government, the Haimen Hall, Rugao County, Taixing County, Jinghai Township, the five gentry to discuss the establishment of the secondary school matters. The meeting proposed six events: name, school land, school buildings, quotas, fund-raising, preparation. After the meeting formed a "five public secondary schools in Tonghai," thus laying the foundation for the establishment of five public secondary schools in Tonghai.
Almost at the same time, Guangxu 28 (1902) in September, Sha Yuanbing founded the Rugao Public Simple Normal School, B commercial schools and other new schools. Rugao Public Simple Normal School was founded in the beginning, Sha Yuan Bing for the Prime Minister, Zhang Fan, Ma Wenzhong for the deputy office. School site is also used nearly abandoned temple, namely the South Dongyue Temple and Changshengan, demolition of the temple to move the idol. The following year, attached to the teacher training center. Guangxu thirty-one years (1905) also run the attached higher primary school. Guangxu thirty-four years (1908) also run a secondary school, renamed "Rugao primary teacher training and secondary school attached to the two primary school". 1912 was renamed "Rugao County Normal School". In running the school, Sha Yuanbing to "noble full" for the purpose of education, set up "Shenduo mellow and" for a generation of learning style. In the process of building schools, Sha Yuan Bing full of enthusiasm, go all out, invited Zhang Jian, Li Shenzhi and other well-known people to discuss school matters. He traveled around, survey the school site, raising funds, planning school buildings, recruiting teachers, it can be said that everything personally. Guangxu 29 years (190 3) after the completion of the school building, there are 174 buildings and cottages, classrooms, halls, podiums, dining halls, playgrounds, etc. can be adapted to meet the needs. Teacher construction, Sha Yuan Bing, regardless of affinity, regardless of boundaries, south to Fujian, north to Zhili, next to Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei and other places to solicit more than ten people. He suffered from a lack of domestic science and chemistry, pedagogy, foreign history and geography of the faculty, appointed Zhang Fan to Japan to investigate the Japanese Meiji Restoration after the teacher education, one side of the hiring of Japanese faculty. At the same time and selected and sent instructors Ren Weilin, Jiang Weijuan and other students such as Zou Tulong to study in Japan, and returned to the school after completing their studies to teach. Teaching reform. Sha Yuanbing asked the instructors to study the textbooks, carefully prepare the lessons, according to the subject to take practical teaching methods, do a good job of pre-course preparation, classroom practice, after-school review, in order to reflect the teaching characteristics of the Rugao Normal, "your students at the time of acceptance of the work, must be taught by the method". In the teaching reform, focus on the construction of teaching materials. Sha Yuanbing advocated self-editing textbooks or the original textbooks to add, delete, change. Whether it was self-published or revised, he advocated "combining Chinese and Western cultures and seeking practical benefits". At that time, the courses offered in mathematics, physics, chemistry, museums, foreign history, foreign geography, pedagogy, physical education, and other subjects belonging to the category of new learning accounted for more than half of the total class time; the course of "lecturing and reading of scriptures", which started out as a compulsory subject, was later changed to an elective subject, and then only a few chapters were arranged in the Chinese language class. Sha Yuanbing advocated the study of advanced Western science and technology to save China, and cultivated specialists with "the truth of the matter". Sha Yuanbing in his schooling process, especially focusing on science and technology and practical aspects. He modeled after the Japanese establishment of general schools, teacher training schools, industrial schools three education system to refresh the practice of education, first in Rugao Normal School attached to the middle school and surveying and mapping specialties, and then founded the "Rugao B Industrial School" and "Rugao County B commercial school ". Guangxu thirty-one years (1905), he will Rugao public higher primary school into Rugao teacher training attached to the higher primary school, to provide internships for teacher trainees. Three years later, he expanded the affiliated higher primary school into the affiliated two primary schools. Guangxu thirty-second year (1906), Zhang Jian should be Rugao county governor Zhou Songsun and Sha Yuanbing's invitation to Rugao Higher Primary School speech, Zhang Jian said, "Jiangbei school, Tong, such as the first and the most. Rugao set up without Jianan advocate, how can so? The scale of the school is slightly inferior to the pass, but not Yang genus and, can be pleased!" The Sha Yuanbing's outstanding contribution to education was highly evaluated.
In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), in order to promote education, the establishment of the Tonghai Five Affiliated Schools Office of local self-governing organizations, as a coordinated promotion of the new style of education office. Sha Yuanbing, together with Zhang Jian and Sun Baoshu, served as the chairman of the board of directors, and there were thirteen members of the board of directors (five from Tongzhou and Jinghai, three each from Haimen and Rugao, and two from Taixing). After the establishment of the five Tonghai school affairs public office, carried out a fruitful work: "Tongzhou Jinsha, Rugao Shizhuang of elementary school and Taixing Higher Primary School, has been destroyed for the fools, are maintained"; one after another in various places to build a number of secondary schools and elementary school, "first of all, the Tongzhou has been set up in the primary elementary school five, is the year force to increase nine". In September, the Qing court imperial edict abolished the imperial examinations, "then advocated the method, for Qi a course, comprehensive review of teaching methods, agreed to set up elementary school investigators". Particularly worth mentioning, thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906) on March 20, Zhang Jian invited the gentry 40 people in the Tonghai five school affairs public office to discuss the establishment of public secondary school matters, Sha Yuanbing attended the meeting. At the meeting discussed the school name, school land, school buildings, quotas, fund-raising, preparations for six major events, the formation of the "Tonghai five secondary schools to discuss the main points of the document. Later, around the issue of schooling has conducted two meetings. In August of that year, the school building construction; Guangxu thirty-four years (1908) completed in December; Xuantong first year (1909) officially opened on February 16th. This gave birth to the first middle school in the history of Nantong, which is now the predecessor of Jiangsu Province Nantong Middle School.
As a good friend of Zhang Jian, Sha Yuanbing actively supported Zhang Jian's feat of "feeding the tiger with his body" and founding an industry. In addition to investing in some of Zhang Jian's businesses, he also worked directly with him to establish his own businesses, and even presided over his business activities.
Sha Yuanbing founded the Dada River Shipping Company with Zhang Jian. The idea of founding the Dada River Shipping Company was first mooted in 1900, when the Dasheng Yarn Factory had already been built. At that time, the Dasheng Yarn Factory had already been built, and other enterprises were also established. "The late transit and leakage of private boats made it difficult to meet the needs of the factory, so the company decided to purchase small boats for transportation. In the first month of that year, Zhang Jian met Zhu Baosan, a Zhejiang man who opened the Yongan Shipping Company in Shanghai, and negotiated to rent his "Ji'an" liner, which was renamed "Dasheng" to emphasize the logo of Dasheng Yarn Factory. The rental price was low and passengers were allowed. Zhu Baosan see profitable, then proposed Tong Shanghai joint stock operation, Tong stock 12,000 yuan, Shanghai stock 20,000 yuan, set by Zhu Baosan is responsible for the operation and management, since the "Dasheng" ship sailed in Tongzhou, Haimen, Changshu, Shanghai and other places. However, at the beginning of the Tong-Shanghai cooperation disputes arose, and two years later, Tongzhou shareholders did not see a stock, nor did they see any accounts. Guangxu twenty-eight (1902) April 16 Zhang Jian diary records "the narrative of the small wheel thing", is likely to be the beginning of the plan to run their own. In May of the following year, Zhang Jian and Sha Yuanbing in Tangjiazha Beichuan Bridge, "discuss the share capital, the creation of Dada inland waterway ferry company", to re-collect shares of 26,000 yuan, to change the statute, the actual reception procedures, from now on, with Zhu Baosan not involved. Initially named "Tongzhou Dada small ship company", later renamed "Dada river steamship company", the original plan to set capital of 400,000 taels, but less than 120,000 taels, of which Dasheng Yarn Factory invested 185 million taels. The company by Zhang Jian as prime minister, the first manager Gu Chunxi, only a few months after his death, that is, by Sha Yuanbing as manager. In the process of opening up the river route, the company had been obstructed by the salt commissioners and salt merchants. In particular, the company was in direct conflict with the interests of the wooden boat transportation industry, which was controlled by salt officials and salt merchants. Wooden boat transporters were afraid that small wheels would replace wooden boats and affect their special rights, so they objected to the narrowness of the river and the collision of small wheels with wooden boats; the waves would collapse the riverbanks and block the canal; the sparks from the chimneys of the small wheels would cause fires in the straw boats; and the ashes on the wheels would pollute the drinking water, and so on through the Salt Commissioners and the Standing Zhen Road successively. Zhang Jian has indignantly said, they put "fire, theft, plague, all the world's major dangers, all attributed to the prison in the small wheel, many blocked". After arguing, after several setbacks, and then finally got the support of the Governor of the two rivers. At this time, the company has "up to Huai", "up to the lake", "up to the river", "up to the river", "Dahai", "Datai" 6 small ships. To the thirty years of Guangxu (1904), sailing in Tongzhou, Rugao, Taizhou, Yangzhou; East Road, Tongzhou, Jinsha, Yu Dong, Yu West, Lvsi. The company has developed since then, and in its heyday there were 20 small ships and 14 tugboats, opening up 10 routes and 56 piers along the way.
Sha Yuanbing also founded the Guangsheng Oil Factory with Zhang Jian. In the 27th year of Guangxu (1901), Sheng Xuanhuai's Huasheng Yarn Factory was going to co-operate with foreigners to set up ginning and oil-pressing factories in Tongzhou and Haimen respectively. Wei Guangtao, the minister of Nanyang, thought that it was against the contract, so he ordered Sheng Xuanhuai not to cooperate with foreign merchants, and asked him to set up the oil-pressing machine in Dasheng Yarn Factory. On March 21 of the following year, Sha Yuanbing arrived at Dasheng Yarn Factory to discuss the establishment of the oil mill with Zhang Jian. After consultation between Huasheng and Dasheng, the purchased oil press machine price of 10,000 taels, by both sides, each side recognized half, in Tangjiazha to prepare for the establishment of Guangsheng oil factory; preliminary estimates, *** need capital of 50,000 taels, in addition to the two sides recognized 5,000 taels, the need to recruit new shares, this matter by ShaYuanBing "to help with the collection of information"; and decided that "the person who manages the important factory affairs". Important factory affairs of the person", "by the factory and Sha (Yuan Bing) editorial discretionary assignment". Sha Yuanbing began to be responsible for the Guangsheng Oil Factory's stock collection and preparatory work. After the prospectus on the basis of investment by the Dasheng Yarn Factory, in the twenty-ninth year of the Guangxu (1903) completed drive. Guangsheng Oil Factory was headed by Sha Yuanbing as the prime minister, with Zhang Xie and Zhang Jian as the assistant managers. Guangxu thirty-one years (1905) Huasheng will give all the shares to Dasheng, Dasheng **** investment of 50,000 taels. Guangsheng Oil Factory used the cotton seeds ginned down by Dasheng Yarn Factory as raw material, and the products were mainly cotton oil and cotton cake. Due to the cotton oil production has a strong seasonality, the production scale is too small, easy to cause losses, and so in the original factory east of another east factory, and the purchase of additional machinery and equipment. To the first year of Xuantong (1909), the first shareholders' meeting decided to continue to increase capital, the preparation of new machines, when the share capital reached 213,000 taels. Later, the capital was increased successively, and by 1914, the capital had reached more than 300,000 taels. after 1921, because of the poor capital turnover, twice by the financial sector to maintain, and finally by the Shanghai Bank alone to lend money, supervise the accounts.
Sha Yuanbing also joined Zhang Jian and others in the campaign to recover and self-run the Soviet railroad. "Since the Sino-Japanese war, foreigners to spy on China more urgent, the invasion of the policy, in order to solicit and run the railroad as the first", which can not help but make the Chinese people feel alarmed, and just sprouting national bourgeoisie in order to compete for the domestic market, especially worried. Among them, "Shanghai and Nanjing road construction, advocated by Sheng Xuanhuai, ...... party engaged in Songhu work, and the British claimed to undertake, Xuanhuai and contracted a draft contract. Twenty-nine years, is a contract, borrowing British gold 3.25 million pounds, fifty years", "and the huge cost of the road for all the way," "fifty years after ten thousand no hope of recovery. For China to cut its own sovereignty, but for foreigners to strengthen its foundation". Guangxu thirty years (1904) Britain began construction, caused great indignation of the local people, have expressed protest. The following fall, the climax of the struggle. In September and October, Zhang Jian, together with Wang Qingmu, Sha Yuanbing, etc. to the Ministry of Commerce and joint telegrams to the Governor of the two rivers Zhou Fu "said Shanghai and Nanjing Road", the loss of road rights, the danger of the loss of road rights, against Sheng Xuanhuai sold the sovereignty of the railroads to the British silver company (i.e., Sino-British Company), said that "want to oblige the recovery of, and must be hooked up to the beginning of the money one by one! ", a comprehensive review of the road administration, to clear up the accumulated shortcomings, "to be publicly elected to supervise two people, the implementation of the law of paragraph by paragraph hooker". Zhang Jian also advocated that the Soviets self-financing road base price of 250,000 pounds to reduce borrowing and more or less recover some sovereignty (land rights), hoping that the early redemption of the right of way. In Zhang Jian and others to the Ministry of Commerce, Huang Shenzhi's message to the Ministry of the Ministry of Commerce, told him that "Jinzhen Railway in the Soviet Union, to be local fund-raising," and asked him to indicate "the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway, whether the government money to redeem, or once the reduction of local fund-raising", "the urgent matter of road politics in the Soviet Union, the local fund-raising. "Su Province, the importance of road politics, how to protect local sovereignty". In this struggle led by Zhang Jian, Sha Yuanbing firmly stood on the side of Zhang Jian and fought side by side with him.
Sha Yuanbing greatly appreciated and actively supported the cultural endeavors founded by Zhang Jian. In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Zhang Jian utilized the original site of Yue Temple in Nantong to establish a library. The scale is quite grand, "has been where the silver 26,243 yuan, the year with the silver 2,400 yuan or strong", "there are two book building twenty, exposure to the book table five, the room upstairs and down twelve, reading up and down eight, two corridors of the office ten, the road is fast up and down the six, the Yan rest Pavilion three, the common room, the gatehouse, the reading room. The common room, gatehouse, kitchen, toilet and other thirteen rooms, **** sixty-seven rooms "," bookcases 200 shelves, books 130,000,000 volumes, others gifted 50,000 volumes of weak ". After the completion of the library, Sha Yuanbing served as director. Zhang Jian founded the actor school, invited Mei Lanfang, Ouyang Yuqian for Nantong cultivate theater talent, Sha Yuanbing very supportive, he said in the "Mei Ou Pavilion Poetry Record Preface", "Mei Ou two students, the actor's extreme work also. Scrooge both built in Nantong, Ouyang master, and recruited Meisheng song, each make the most of the art. The square is open, 10,000 palms competing pat, praise is not enough words, more than in the poem", very appreciative of the feelings.
Sha Yuan Bing loved his hometown of Rugao. He said, "my gao at the Huai Committee, South Binjiang, Northeast Binhai, just like the traffic will be", "fertile soil and water, half plow and times"; he was determined to work hard, "the beginning of the new, strong, not against the good of its group, to thick its power, to foo its wealth, to fill with its own. He was determined that through his efforts, "the new, strong and unopposed, in order to improve its group, in order to thicken its strength, in order to build its wealth, full of learning, and the law"; he believed that "there is a day, someone, in a hundred miles of the county can not get up to compete with the world's first yeah"? Sha Yuan Bing in Rugao, single-minded, hard work, in addition to his old friend Zhang Jian, he seldom interacted with the scholarly community, "contemporary Secretary of State and the great postal tube, often do not see the province to answer", "life acquaintances with the word, most of the countryside for the cloth, the scholar". Sha Yuanbing in Rugao, like Zhang Jian in Tongzhou, Haimen, as well as the painstaking management, in favor of the people's livelihood, almost nothing to do. He has advocated and capitalized the establishment of Guangfeng curing leg company, Guangshengde traditional Chinese medicine store, Dingfeng mill, Yuru money, gao Ming electric light company, presided over the founding of the Rugao Public Hospital, served as honorary president of the County Medical Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rugao Medical Research Society president. Thirty years of Guangxu (1904), Sha Yuanbing was pushed as Rugao County Business Branch President. The outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, Sha Yuanbing gave economic support to the revolutionary army. After the restoration of Rugao, Sha Yuanbing became the county civil affairs director. 1913, Sha Yuanbing was elected Speaker of Jiangsu Province. Soon Sha Yuanbing resigned on the grounds of "self-examination of the sick body is not enough to serve", he believed that "the world's problems, no greater than the appointment of the person who only lives in the name of the real thing," and "the parliament, but the people of the 60 counties in the north and south of the country entrusted to the said its meaning; Speaker of the National Assembly, and the Congress of hundreds of dozens of Jun think the first perpetrator also", he did not want to delay because of their own major events. 1914 Sha Yuanbing County Water Conservancy Association President, Director of the Qingzhang Bureau. 1915 presided over the revision of the "Rugao County Records", mapping Rugao County, sick, but also called a friend and assistant to the Golden Harvest, "sitting beside the couch to discuss the text". Text", however, "Rugao County Records" "long time and not on, so hold a grudge to end". Sha Yuanbing "when a hundred things when the time of urgency, do not waste chanting. And in the countryside of the literature, to explore especially hard. In his later years, he studied the internal canon (Buddhist scriptures) and practiced purification." After his death on January 29, 1927, his works were edited by his disciples Xiang Benyuan and Yao Zuzhao into the Collected Poetry and Literature of Zhiyitang.
Sha Yuanbing's friendship with Zhang Jian was so deep that they often met and sang many poems together. Sha Yuanbing's medical skills were so excellent that he could be called a famous doctor of his generation, and Zhang Jian was sure to come to see him every time he was invited. For example, from the beginning of 1920, the embroidery artist Shen Shou's condition deteriorated until his death on May 3, and Zhang Jian's diary contains many accounts of Sha Yuanbing's treatment of Shen Shou at Zhang Jian's invitation. Before Zhang Jian's death, Sha Yuan Bing also did his best to save this lifelong friend.