Geographical location, administrative divisions, regional population and natural environment
Chuzhou City is located in the east of Anhui Province and the west edge of the Yangtze River Delta, and is used to being called East Anhui. Geographical coordinates are 3151'-3313' north latitude and11709'-19/3' east longitude. Total administrative area 1.33 million square kilometers. The city borders Nanjing, Yangzhou and Huai 'an in Jiangsu Province from southeast to north.
Chuzhou City is adjacent to the river, connecting the east with the west, with superior geographical position and convenient transportation. Beijing-shanghai railway, Hening Expressway and Bangning Expressway pass through the city, and the upcoming Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and Ningxi Railway pass through the city, and Chuhe River shipping goes directly to the Yangtze River. The urban area is about 50 kilometers away from Nanjing, belonging to the partner city of Nanjing metropolitan area, and it can reach Nanjing Lukou Airport in one hour's drive.
Chuzhou City governs Langya District, Nanqiao District, Tianchang City, mingguang city and Quanjiao, Lai 'an, Dingyuan and Fengyang counties, with a total area of 6,543,800+0,330 square kilometers. There are 78 townships, 86 towns, 14 sub-district offices, 233 neighborhood committees and 2234 villagers' committees. In 2003, the city's population was 4,329,400, including non-agricultural population 1 10,000, with a birth rate of 9.96‰, a mortality rate of 4.96‰ and a natural growth rate of 5‰.
Chuzhou City is located in the hilly area between Jianghuai and the humid monsoon climate in the north subtropical zone, with distinct seasons and warm and humid climate characteristics, which can be summarized as: cold in winter, little rain, changeable in spring, hot and rainy in summer and refreshing in autumn. The annual average temperature of the whole city is 15.4℃, the annual average maximum temperature is 20. 1℃, the annual average minimum temperature is1.4℃, and the annual average precipitation is1035.5mm. The rainy season lasts for 23 days. The total sunshine hours in the whole year are 2073.4 hours. The first frost165438+10.4, the final frost on March 30, and the annual frost-free period is 2 10 days. Chuzhou covers the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins. The landform of the whole city can be roughly divided into three types: hilly area, hilly area and plain area. The terrain is high in the west and low in the east. The highest peak in the city is Beijiangjun Mountain in Nanqiao District, with an altitude of 399.2 meters. Platforms and undulating areas distributed around the hills constitute hilly areas. The areas along the Chuhe River and Huaihe River, Nvshan Lake and gaoyou lake Lakeside are the main plain areas.
The development of history
Chuzhou has a long history and culture.
As early as ancient times, our ancestors lived and worked in this land. Archaeology has discovered many Neolithic cultural sites. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there were some tribal countries, such as China Guoli and diplomatic relations. After long-term development and fighting, the "Huaiyi" tribe along the Huaihe River gradually merged into Chinese civilization.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, vassals fought for hegemony and attacked frequently. It was once carved up by Wu and Chu, so-called "Wu Tou Chu Wei". Qin unified China, died tyrannically, and then Chu and Han contended. Up to now, there are still sad stories of "Chu is the third clan, Qin will die" and "Farewell my concubine".
During the Three Kingdoms period, Chuzhou became the battlefield of Wei and Wu, and took refuge in Motuo Mountain in the southwest of Chuzhou, hence the name Langya Mountain.
After 300 years of war in Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the establishment of Chuzhou and the basic formation of the city in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 589), it was called Chuzhou. Li Youqing, Wei, Li Deyu, famous officials in the Tang Dynasty, successively served as the secretariat of Chuzhou, leaving behind a series of cultural relics, poems, songs and historical stories.
Ouyang Xiu was relegated to Chuzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, and wrote famous essays "Zuiweng Pavilion" and "Fengle Pavilion", describing the beauty of mountains and rivers and the simplicity of folk customs in Chuzhou. Su Shi also carved these two notes into monuments, from which Chuzhou and Langya Mountain became famous all over the world. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Jianghuai area became the frontier of confrontation between Song and Jin. Xin Qiji, a famous anti-Jin poet, set out to defend Chuzhou, stabilize people's livelihood, give simple relief, take refuge in exile, renovate the market, develop production, and reorganize the army to resist Jin Bing. Chuzhou has taken on a new look. The development of culture and economy in Song Dynasty had an important influence on the history of Chuzhou.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, who was born in a poor peasant family in Fengyang County, rebelled against the Yuan Dynasty. After more than ten years of fighting in the south and north, it overthrew the rule of the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty. Fengyang House was once the capital of the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and Chuzhou was once the capital. Today, Fengyang Huangcheng Site and Huangling are national key cultural relics protection units.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were many famous people in Chuzhou. Dai Lanfen, the talented queen, and Wu's "Three Dingjia, Four Generations and Six Ministers" were the top scholars in Tianchang, shining with the light of humanistic spirit in the history of Chuzhou. Wu Pepper wrote the world-famous satirical novel The Scholars. Over the past 300 years, this masterpiece has spread all over the world in various texts.
In the late Qing Dynasty and the late Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the front lines north of the Yangtze River and east Anhui became important battlefields for the Taiping Army and the Qing Army to compete repeatedly, and the famous Wuyi Campaign broke out in 1858.
In the modern anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle, Chuzhou experienced the shock of the Revolution of 1911 and the enlightenment of the May 4th Movement. The anti-Japanese base area in eastern Anhui led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) has written an immortal history, where Chen Yi, Zhang, Zhang and other revolutionaries of the older generation once fought. 1949 65438+ 10, the whole of eastern Anhui was liberated, and the Chu county administrative office was established, which governed 9 counties.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chuzhou has experienced tortuous development for decades. From 65438 to 0979, farmers in Xiaogang Village of Fengyang started the reform and opening up of China with their pioneering work.
199265438+February, the State Council approved the establishment of Chuzhou as a provincial city. Today, Chuzhou is accelerating the pace of industrialization and urbanization. It is a new industrial, trade and tourist city standing on the north bank of the Yangtze River.
natural resource
Mineral resources: 52 kinds of minerals have been proved in the city, and nearly 2000 mineral deposits and occurrences have been discovered. Non-metallic minerals are the advantages of mineral resources in this city. Among them, quartzite, molding sand and concave-convex clay minerals are famous all over the country for their large reserves and excellent quality. Rock salt, gypsum, glauberite and petroleum are the only nonmetallic minerals in Anhui Province. The main metal minerals are copper, uranium, iron and gold.
Water resources: the average annual runoff of surface water in the city is about 2.78 billion cubic meters, and the per capita possession is 7 16 cubic meters. More than 0/000 large, medium and small reservoirs/kloc have been built, with a total storage capacity of 2.308 billion cubic meters. It is best to use external water such as the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. Groundwater resources are not abundant.
Land resources: 544,000 hectares of arable land, 6,543,809 hectares of woodland, 300,000 hectares of other land, 6,543,807,500 hectares of hard land and 6,543,800 hectares of water.
Animal and plant resources: there are 15 orders, 4 1 families, birds 17 1 species, reptiles1species, 9 amphibians and 0/4 mammals. There are 85 families, 187 genera, 4 14 species, 17 species, and about 900 Chinese herbal medicines. Rare tree species in the city are Langya elm, Zuiweng elm, Chuzhou Shuizhu, Zhu Long Tung Tree, etc.
Chuzhou is rich in tourism resources and has excellent natural and cultural landscapes. There are 7 national scenic spots, national forest parks and national key cultural relics protection units, 1 1 provincial nature reserves and key cultural relics protection units, and more than 100 natural and cultural landscapes such as famous mountains, pavilions, ancient temples and historical and cultural sites. Among them, Langya Mountain, Zuiwengting, Fengyang Ming Di Mausoleum and Huangfushan National Forest Park are well-known at home and abroad.
Science education, culture and health
In recent years, Zhuhai has vigorously promoted the industrialization of high-tech achievements with the torch plan as the guide. With the demonstration, guidance and promotion of the torch plan, the development of high-tech industries in the city has accelerated, and the transformation of traditional industries with high technology has achieved remarkable results: in 2003, the total income of technology, industry and trade of high-tech industries in the city was 2.66 billion yuan, the profit and tax was 654.38+97 billion yuan, and the export earned 8.88 million US dollars, initially forming new materials, high efficiency and energy saving.
Since the reform and opening up, especially since the founding of the city, with the concern and attention of leaders at all levels, the broad masses of cadres and workers in the education system of our city have fully implemented the education policy, worked hard and made great progress in education. By the end of June 5438+February, 2003, there were 3 colleges and universities at all levels and below, and 206 1 middle schools in our city. Among them, there are 2 specialized secondary schools, 296 ordinary secondary schools (62 high schools), 9 vocational secondary schools, 0 primary schools, 2 kindergartens and 4 special education schools. The number of students in various schools (excluding colleges and universities) in the city is 849 1 10,000, including 696,700 in compulsory education (432,200 in primary schools and 264,500 in junior high schools), 62 1 10,000 in ordinary high schools and 0/4200 in vocational high schools. There are 35,900 faculty members in the city (excluding universities), including 32,800 full-time teachers.
At present, there are 19 public schools directly under the Municipal Education Bureau, including universities 1 institutes (Chuzhou Radio and Television University), secondary normal schools 1 institutes (Fengyang Normal School), 9 ordinary middle schools (4 high schools, 4 junior high schools and 5 junior high schools), primary schools 10 and kindergartens. Directly administered by the municipal government 1 University (Chuzhou Vocational and Technical College), jointly built by provinces and cities 1 University (Chuzhou College), Anhui University of Science and Technology.
Under the guidance of the principles of "serving the people and socialism" and "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", the cultural undertakings in Chuzhou City have made great progress under the correct leadership of the municipal party committee and the municipal government. According to the statistics in 2003, there are 1089 employees in the cultural system and 2 15 cultural institutions in the city (including counties, cities and districts), including 7 libraries and cultural centers, 0 cultural property institutions 1 1, 5 professional art groups and art schools/kloc. There are three secondary institutions directly under the municipal cultural system/kloc-0, with 300 employees.
In accordance with the overall planning of the city's socialist development and the new period health work policy of "focusing on rural areas, giving priority to prevention, paying equal attention to both Chinese and Western medicine, relying on science and technology and education, mobilizing the whole society to participate, serving people's health and socialist modernization", we will continuously strengthen macro-management and operational guidance on the city's health work, and highlight policies and regulations, comprehensive planning, law enforcement supervision and information services. There are 33 health institutions of all levels and types in the city, including 37 medical institutions, 26 hospitals, and 7 secondary and above medical institutions (including 6 Chinese medicine hospitals). * * * There are more than 8,000 beds, nearly 3,000 medical practitioners and more than 2,000 registered nurses. There are 8 secondary general hospitals and 3 tertiary hospitals 1 family.
administrative division
Chuzhou has jurisdiction over 2 municipal districts, 2 county-level cities and 4 counties.
Chuzhou covers an area of 13398 km2 and has a population of 4.34 million (2003).
Langya District covers an area of 126 square kilometers with a population of 240,000. The postal code is 239000.
Nanqiao District covers an area of 1.273 square kilometers with a population of 270,000. The postal code is 239000.
Mingguang city covers an area of 2,335 square kilometers and has a population of 640,000. The postal code is 239400. The Municipal People's Government is located in Chengxi Street.
Tianchang has an area of 1770 square kilometers and a population of 620,000. The postal code is 239300. The Municipal People's Government is located in Tianchang Street.
Lai 'an County covers an area of 148 1 km2 and has a population of 490,000. The postal code is 239200. County People's Government in Xin 'an Town.
Quanjiao County covers an area of 1.572 square kilometers with a population of 450,000. The postal code is 239500. County People's Government in Xianghe Town.
Dingyuan county covers an area of 289 1 km2 and a population of 9 1 10,000. The postal code is 233200. County people's government in the town.
Fengyang county covers an area of 1920 square kilometers with a population of 720,000. The postal code is 233 100. County people's government in government town.
* The geographical names of the branches here are as of June 5, 2005 to February 5, 2005; Area and population data According to the Administrative Division of the People's Republic of China (2005), the population was as of the end of 2003. *