First, variety selection and seed treatment At present, there are early green generation, black beautiful, emerald and yellow-skinned bananas produced on a large scale. Generally, 500 grams of seeds are needed per mu. Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 60-62℃ for 10- 15 minutes, disinfected, then soaked at room temperature for 8- 10 hours, drained, wrapped with wet gauze, placed at 25-28℃ for 48 hours, and germinated at an accelerated speed, thus achieving "white".
Second, seedling technology 1, sowing. Firstly, the seedbed soil is prepared, and the proportion of nursery nutrient soil is half of organic matter and half of fertilizer garden soil. Secondly, plug sowing, that is, put the fully mixed bed soil into plastic cups, after irrigation, sow 1 germinated seed in each cup, and cover the soil with a thickness of 20 cm. In order to raise the ground temperature and fasten the shed in advance, a hotline was laid on the nursery.
2. Seedling management. Seeding to emergence, the temperature is 25-30℃ during the day and 16-20℃ at night, and the emergence can take 3-4 days; After emergence, in order to prevent excessive growth of seedlings, cooling to 20-22℃ during the day and to 10- 12℃ at night can not only make seedlings grow healthily, but also promote female flower differentiation. Exercise at low temperature in the late stage of seedling raising, 18-20℃ during the day and 6-8℃ at night. When raising seedlings in plastic cups, we should master the principle of controlling temperature but not water. When the seedlings are dry, irrigation should be carried out, generally 2-3 times during seedling raising. In order to make the seedlings grow orderly, we should adopt the method of moving the seedlings backwards. Large seedlings should be placed on the south side of the greenhouse seedbed, and small seedlings should be placed in the middle of the seedbed with good light and temperature. When the seedlings are inverted, the spacing between seedling pots can be appropriately increased to make the seedlings neat and robust.
3. Strong seedling index. Plant height 15- 16cm, stem diameter 0,4-0,5 cm, 2-3 true leaves, short internodes, compact plant type, well-developed root system and no plant diseases and insect pests. To achieve the goal of strong seedlings, the clods should be large (10- 12cm), the seedling age should be short (average seedling age is 30-35 days), and the temperature should be low (seedling period 18-22℃, 8- 10℃ at night).
Third, field management technology 1, soil preparation and fertilization. Zucchini has developed root system, strong water absorption and fertility. Apply 3-4 tons of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 20 kg of phosphorus diamine every 667 square meters, and turn over the soil twice, with a depth of 20-25cm. In terms of fertilization methods, two-thirds of organic fertilizer can be collected by combining centralized application with universal application, and one-third of organic fertilizer can be applied in strips or holes. Then make a ridge with a width of 60cm, a width of 40cm and a height of 15cm, and then cover it with plastic film.
2. Post-planting management. In early spring, when 10cm ground temperature is stable above 8- 10℃. The temperature is stable above 3℃, and the temperature above 20℃ is maintained for about 5-6 hours during the day. Planting can begin in early February, with row spacing 1 m and plant spacing of about 40 cm, and 2000 plants can be planted per mu. Choose "cold tail and hot head" in sunny morning.
When planting, open a hole for irrigation, seal it with wet soil, and then water it after 2-3 days; After the seedlings survive, choose sunny days and conduct furrow irrigation once. After irrigation, the surface will be dry, and furrow will be plowed once in intertillage to loosen the soil. Autumn and winter crops should be planted in early September and in cloudy afternoons. After planting, in order to prevent seedlings from dying due to high temperature, shading nets can be covered to prevent high temperature and strong light and promote seedling delay.
During flowering and fruit setting, the temperature is 20-25℃ during the day and above 15℃ at night; Fruit expansion period, 20-23℃ during the day and 13- 15℃ at night. In terms of water and fertilizer management, intertillage is the main method of water conservation and fertilizer control from seedling stage to flowering and fruit setting stage, so as to prevent overgrowth or "crazy seedlings" caused by excessive soil water and fertilizer.
When roots and fruits begin to swell, diammonium phosphate 15-20kg should be topdressing every 667m2 in combination with irrigation, and the second topdressing should be carried out when fruits swell for the second and third time, and the topdressing should be 20kg of urea every 667m2. Pay attention to the fresh and humid air after irrigation and topdressing to prevent the occurrence of gray mold.
3. Cultivate flowers and fruits. Planting zucchini in greenhouse needs artificial pollination. The method is: "Every morning at 6- 10, pick the male flowers, remove the corolla, and gently smear the stamens of the male flowers on the stigma of the female flowers to complete artificial pollination, and each male flower can get 3-4 female flowers. Treating stigma and fruit stalk with 2,4-D or 60x 10-6 anticonvulsant can prevent melon from melting and promote fruit expansion. Spraying 0. 1% Sukening liquid on the stigma of young fruit can prevent the harm of gray mold to young fruit.
4. Plant regulation
(1) hanging vine. Planting zucchini in winter and spring has good ventilation and light transmission. Each plant is hung by a nylon rope, allowing the plant to grow upright.
(2) Trim the leaves. The main vine of zucchini is the main vine, and the side branches should be removed as soon as possible; Zucchini has large leaves and long petioles, which are easy to shade. The diseased leaves, yellow leaves, residual leaves and old leaves should be removed as soon as possible, which can promote ventilation and light transmission and prevent the infection of diseases.
(3) update pruning. In the late growth stage, the middle and lower leaves are aging, and the plant growth potential is weak. Therefore, the middle and lower leaves should be removed after topping, and the upper 1-2 side branches should be selected to replace the main vines.
4. Picking zucchini takes fresh and straight young fruits as products. When the young fruit grows to 0.5- 1.0 kg, it will be harvested and marketed. In particular, two fruits should be harvested early to prevent "seedling drop" and ensure high yield. After the young fruits are harvested, they are wrapped in tassel paper and boxed for listing.