Tumor markers refer to the biochemical characteristics of tumor cells and their metabolic abnormalities, which make some substances in body fluids, excreta and tissues of tumor patients change qualitatively or quantitatively.
Specifically, CA 19-9 is an auxiliary diagnostic index for digestive tract tumors such as gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer and intestinal cancer. If the index rises slightly, patients should not worry too much, because the increase of tumor marker CA 19-9 cannot be equated with cancer. There are many clinical factors that can lead to the increase of this index, such as acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, cholestatic cholangitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis and other digestive tract diseases can lead to the increase of CA 19-9 in different degrees.
Therefore, it is recommended that patients go to relevant departments to improve the examination and observe the changes of tumor markers after excluding the above diseases.
Extended data:
The most comprehensive explanation of tumor markers
1, alpha-fetoprotein
Main target: liver cancer.
AFP is the best marker to diagnose primary liver cancer, and the positive rate of diagnosis is 60% ~ 70%. Serum AFP> 400 μ g/L for 4 weeks, or 200 mg ~ 400 μ g/L for 8 weeks, combined with imaging examination, can make the diagnosis of primary liver cancer. If you want to diagnose liver cancer, there are two indicators, one is B-ultrasound and the other is AFP. The sudden increase of AFP suggests the possibility of liver cancer.
2. Gastric cancer-associated antigen (CA72-4)
Main target: gastric cancer.
CA72-4 is one of the best tumor markers in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, with high specificity and sensitivity of 28%~80%. If combined with CA 19-9 and CEA, more than 70% of gastric cancer can be monitored.
3. Neuron-specific enolase
Main target: small cell lung cancer.
Neuron-specific enolase is the isoenzyme of enolase. NSE is a tumor marker of small cell lung cancer, and the positive diagnostic rate is 9 1%.
NSE is helpful for the differential diagnosis of small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. At the same time, it also has important reference value for the observation of curative effect and recurrence monitoring of small cell lung cancer.
Lung cancer is divided into small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These two types of lung cancer are completely different in treatment scheme and so on. Small cell lung cancer is equivalent to a medical disease. The main treatment is radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the chemotherapy effect is very good, so this index is of great guiding significance for the treatment of lung cancer.
4. Cancer antigen 125(CA 125)
Main target: ovarian cancer
CA 125 exists in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and patients' serum, which is of great significance for early screening, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Can also be used in combination with other tumor markers. The sensitivity of CA 125 to ovarian epithelial carcinoma can reach about 70%.
5. Cancer antigen 15-3(CA 15-3)
Main goal: breast cancer
CA 15-3 can be used as an index for auxiliary diagnosis, postoperative follow-up and metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer. Low sensitivity to early breast cancer (60%), high sensitivity to late breast cancer (about 80%), and high positive rate of metastatic breast cancer (80%).
6. carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9)
CA 19-9 is a carbohydrate antigen associated with gastrointestinal cancer, among which pancreatic cancer is the most common, and it is usually distributed in normal fetal pancreas, gallbladder, liver, intestine, normal adult pancreas and bile duct epithelium.
Detection of serum CA 19-9 can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic index for pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer and other malignant tumors, which is of great significance for monitoring the changes and recurrence of diseases.
7. Carcinoembryonic antigen
Carcinoembryonic antigen is a glycoprotein embryonic antigen found in fetal and colon cancer tissues, which belongs to a broad-spectrum tumor marker. The positive rates of CEA in malignant tumors were colon cancer (70%), gastric cancer (60%), pancreatic cancer (55%), lung cancer (50%), breast cancer (40%), ovarian cancer (30%) and uterine cancer (30%).
8. Cancer antigen 50
CA50 is a marker of pancreas and colorectal cancer, and it is the most commonly used carbohydrate antigen tumor marker. It is also a universal tumor marker-associated antigen, not an organ tumor marker.
9. Prostate specific antigen
PSA is a glycoprotein synthesized by human prostate epithelial cells and secreted into seminal plasma. PSA mainly exists in prostate tissue, but not in women. The content of PSA in normal male serum is very low, and the reference value of serum is
10, β2 microglobulin (β2-MG)
Clinically, it is often used to diagnose lymphoproliferative diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Its level is related to the number of tumor cells, growth rate, prognosis and disease activity.
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