Dietary taboo of renal failure
Patients with renal failure should avoid eating some foods that will have adverse effects to prevent health hazards. Let me introduce you to the dietary taboos of renal failure.
1, do not eat spicy, seafood, hair, beans, bean products, dried fruits and things that are easy to get angry. Do not eat deer, cattle, sheep, chickens, geese, dogs, donkey meat and its cream soup, bone soup and so on.
2. Excessive intake of protein will increase the burden on the kidneys, while insufficient intake of protein will not maintain normal physiological needs. For patients with nephrotic syndrome, the daily intake of protein should be determined according to the loss of protein in urine. Generally, the daily intake should be 1.5-2.0G/KG body weight, and a high-quality and high-protein diet such as meat, eggs, milk and fish is preferred.
3. In diet, the diet with less oil and low cholesterol is better. At the same time, we should also avoid fatty and salty foods such as laver, shrimp, crab, pickles, sweet noodle sauce, fermented bean curd, bacon, sausage and bacon, irritating foods such as cigarettes, wine and vinegar, spicy foods such as garlic, leeks and onions, and raw and cold fruits.
4. Patients with edema should be low in salt; Those without edema do not avoid salt; People who urinate blood should drink more water. Patients with uremia due to renal failure should eat half a catty of milk, 1 eggs and 1 lean meat every day. People with high blood potassium should not eat high-potassium foods such as seafood, mushrooms, ham, fungus, dried fruits, magnolia slices, bananas, oranges, potatoes, dried radishes, tea, soy sauce and monosodium glutamate. People with high blood uric acid especially avoid eating animal viscera, shrimp, crab, fish and mussels, beer, mushrooms, beans (including kidney beans), spinach and celery.
Dietary principles of patients with renal failure
1, high-quality low-protein diet delays renal failure
Patients with renal failure must control the intake of protein, and the basic principle is a high-quality low-protein diet. Among them, 50%~60% must be high-quality protein containing essential amino acids, such as animal proteins such as eggs, milk, fish and lean meat; Try to eat less foods rich in plant protein, such as peanuts, beans and their products, because these substances contain more non-essential amino acids and cannot meet the needs of the body. In order to limit the intake of plant protein, wheat starch can be used as the staple food instead of rice and flour. Giving a low-protein diet should be considered individually, and the protein intake of patients in different periods is different.
Step 2 eat high-calorie food
Daily calories should not be less than 30 kilocalories per kilogram of body weight. Thin people should be appropriately increased and obese people should be appropriately reduced. In order to get enough calories, you can eat more vegetable oil and sugar. If you feel hungry, you can eat sweet potatoes, taro, potatoes, horseshoe powder, yam powder, lotus root powder, apples and so on. If it is renal failure caused by diabetes, it is necessary to properly control the intake of carbohydrates.
3. Eat more foods rich in vitamins.
Patients with renal failure often have gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diet control. With the decrease of food intake and the enhancement of catabolism, some vitamins will be lost during dialysis, especially water-soluble vitamin B, vitamin C and folic acid, which need to be supplemented appropriately. Therefore, patients must eat more fresh vegetables and fruits rich in these substances. Or oral tablets.
4. Appropriate mineral supplement
Most patients with chronic renal failure have electrolyte disorders, such as low calcium, high potassium and high phosphorus. In the process of eating, we should make appropriate adjustments according to the results of blood tests. Patients with edema, hypertension and oliguria should adopt a low-salt diet, and the daily salt should not exceed 3g (including sodium salt in seasonings such as monosodium glutamate and soy sauce), and other patients do not need strict restrictions.
Because all patients with chronic renal failure have high phosphorus status, they must adopt a low phosphorus diet, and the daily phosphorus intake should not exceed 600 g g, so dialysis patients are prone to aluminum exceeding the standard. Excessive intake of aluminum (such as antacid aluminum hydroxide) will cause aluminum poisoning, cause dementia or aggravate uremic encephalopathy, and must be restricted. Try not to cook with aluminum pot at ordinary times.
Step 5 drink plenty of water
The amount of drinking water must also be appropriately adjusted according to the specific situation of patients. If there is oliguria, edema, hypertension, heart failure, etc. , must strictly control the water inflow; Dialysis patients should also control drinking water, so as not to cause a lot of hydrops in the body, aggravate edema, heart failure, or water poisoning. If the urine volume is above 1000ml and there are no complications such as edema, hypertension and heart failure, there is no need to limit drinking water.
6. Reduce blood lipids with a low-fat diet.
Hyperlipidemia is also one of the incentives to promote the progress of renal failure. At the same time of drug treatment, diet adjustment is essential. Reduce the intake of foods rich in saturated fatty acids (such as animal fat, fat pork, chicken skin, etc.). ); Increase the intake of unsaturated fatty acids (such as vegetable oil and fish oil). Try not to eat or eat less animal offal, and eat more foods rich in soluble fiber, such as oats, buckwheat and rice bran.
3. What are the family therapies for patients with renal failure?
Usually, patients with renal failure can go home to recuperate after their condition is stable without hospitalization. During the recovery period at home, patients should continue to take necessary drugs according to the doctor's instructions. At the same time, we should pay attention to actively adopting family therapy, which plays a very key role in promoting the smooth treatment of renal failure.
The kidneys of patients with renal failure are already in a very weak state, so it is very important to regulate them through daily diet. Under normal circumstances, patients with renal failure should adhere to a low-protein diet, try to eat a diet high in calcium, high in iron, high in vitamins and low in phosphorus, limit the intake of plant protein, and limit the intake of water, sodium and potassium salt for those with less urine. Patients should pay attention to low-salt diet, low-salt and high-vitamin diet and limit water intake.
Starting from all aspects of life and actively doing family therapy can help patients with renal failure recover as soon as possible. Specifically, it includes reducing edema appropriately: measuring body weight regularly every day, accurately recording the amount of fluid in and out, and strictly controlling the amount of fluid in. Ensure rest: stay in bed and avoid overwork. Prevention of infection: regular ventilation and air disinfection in the ward, and strict aseptic operation. Strengthen life nursing and educate patients to stay away from public places. If the skin is itchy, take the medicine according to the doctor's advice and avoid scratching. Discharge guidance: check renal function and serum electrolyte regularly. And accurately record the daily urine volume.