There are many aspects to building a house, but the requirements for the comfort of the house will be higher and higher with the development of the building. In terms of building comfort, it will involve many aspects, including apartment type, lighting and ventilation, energy saving and insulation, and so on. In order to strengthen the design of residential comfort and further improve the design level of residential comfort, the Ministry of Construction proposes that residential design should implement the construction policy of "applicability, economy, safety and beauty" and the guiding ideology of "people-oriented", rationally organize indoor space according to the living behavior of modern families, improve the utilization rate of indoor space, and strive to improve the use and comfort function of residential buildings. Therefore, in the design process, it is a very important problem to design a design that meets both usability and residential comfort. The following contents will talk about my own views on residential comfort.
1. Requirements for comfort of living environment
Housing is not only the place where people live, but also the carrier of human spiritual life. With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to living environment and comfort. Living environment is an objective external environment created by people to satisfy their living habits. It changes and affects residents' life and psychology, and is an indispensable and important foundation in our life. Therefore, creating and improving the living environment has become one of the primary problems in current architectural design. From paying attention to the size of apartment area and indoor plane function, to paying attention to the landscape and noise of high-rise residential buildings, it has gradually penetrated into indoor and outdoor communication places and communication spaces. In short, people's indoor living environment has expanded to deep-seated spiritual needs and psychological feelings. So how to improve our living space, so that people not only have a new type of residence, but also feel that this is a livable and happy residence.
2. The influence of eco-environmental design such as roof garden and family garden on residential comfort.
2. 1 Influence of ecological design of roof garden on residential comfort
Roof garden, as its name implies, is a garden built on the roof, also known as roof greening. Roof garden includes balcony, window sill, indoor greening design and cultivation, sculpture layout, etc. According to the structural characteristics of the roof and the environmental conditions on the roof, it is a form of enriching the garden landscape to choose suitable plant materials and adopt certain design techniques. Residential roof garden can increase the green area of the city and solve the contradiction between architecture and garden. It can greatly improve the utilization rate of building space and increase the spatial layering of living environment; It can improve the ecological environment and change the urban aerial landscape; Now, in the cracks of high-rise buildings, people can relax their nerves, relax their hearts, give themselves a living space, and meet the psychological needs of returning to nature and yearning for nature. At the same time, the roof garden also plays the role of heat insulation. After the roof is afforested, most of the solar radiation heat is consumed by water evaporation or absorbed by plants, thus reducing the indoor temperature. This not only saves energy, makes people live in a comfortable environment, but also makes people closer to nature. In the row upon row of urban construction, the roof garden has replaced gray concrete, black asphalt and various walls, bringing soft, rich and energetic artistic effects to the whole space, allowing people to experience a humanized and highly emotional life level. In a word, we should pay attention to the influence of visual environment on people's body and mind, grasp the visual law of four-dimensional movement, and create comfortable and pleasant human habitation.
2.2 The impact of gardens on people's comfort
2.2. 1 the appearance of the garden.
The roof garden mentioned above is limited to outdoor roof gardens such as roofs and roofs, which is far from people's daily life. The emergence of family gardens integrated with people's daily life should be at the beginning of 2 1 century. It can be said that it evolved from the balcony garden and enlarged the balcony garden. Home garden is the product of competition in the real estate industry and the necessity of social development.
2.2.2 The inevitability of the emergence of family gardens
Having your own garden, planting flowers, raising fish, drinking tea and chatting in the garden is the dream of most people. However, moving the garden to home has become a part of people's lives, so that people can always be with green. Therefore, the emergence of family gardens has successfully brought gardens into thousands of households and realized people's dreams.
2.2.3 Increase the number of urban greening.
To improve the urban ecological environment, three-dimensional greening like indoor gardens is needed. With the continuous expansion of population, the housing land is increasing day by day, and there are fewer and fewer places left as green space. The reduction of greening will directly lead to the reduction of the quality of living environment. Because as far as ecological balance is concerned, the green coverage rate of a city must reach more than 30%, which is of key significance. That is, if it reaches or exceeds this range, the ecological environment is expected to develop in a virtuous circle, otherwise it will tend to deteriorate. However, it is not feasible to find a solution to the contradiction between urbanization and landscaping. The way to solve this problem is to find a breakthrough from the building itself. Therefore, the three-dimensional greening of building ground design, such as overhead garden, large balcony garden, home garden, etc., came into being as compensation for greening. It can be seen that entering the park is also one of the ways for people to increase the green area and improve the ecological environment.
2.2.4 Improve the quality of life
Home garden is not a simple indoor greening of several pots of plants, but a courtyard garden carefully designed and arranged by garden elements such as water, plants, platforms and sketches. Move the garden on the ground indoors, so that people who have been busy all day have more time to get in touch with nature, relax their mood, and let green plants constantly adjust people's mood, so as to achieve the effect of being beneficial to physical and mental health and improving the quality of life.
3. Functions and functions of gardens.
3. 1 environmental function
Entering the park can improve the ecological environment, increase the green area and make up the floor space of supporting buildings.
3.2 Beautify the living room and improve the quality of life.
The home garden is divided into floors, so people can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the garden at home by introducing it into the living room. People can also plant their favorite flowers and trees and have tea and chat with friends. Or a person quietly reading a book and reading a newspaper. Enter the park to improve the family environment, introduce ecological concepts into family life, and improve the quality of family life.
3.3 Spatial infiltration
Garden entrance is the mutual infiltration of green space and architectural space, which makes the garden closer to people's lives; The introduction of green also makes the architectural space more colorful, more comfortable and more energetic.
3.4 Improve air quality and reduce noise.
At the same time, the entrance garden has the function of ground garden. Plants in the garden can absorb smoke and toxins in the air, keep the house clean and sanitary, and inhibit the growth of bacteria; Photosynthesis of green plants can also absorb carbon dioxide and release a lot of oxygen, providing people with a fresh living space. In addition, plants can also reduce the impact of external noise on the room.
4. The development direction of residential building design
4. 1 Sustainable development of residential buildings
Take the road of sustainable architectural design, understand the locality and regionality of housing, attach importance to local context, and establish public participation consciousness; Combined with the requirements of residential functionality and diversity, adopt simple and appropriate technologies, establish the awareness of energy and recycling of building materials, maximize the use of renewable local building materials, avoid using high-temperature energy, destroy the environment, produce waste and radioactive building materials, and solicit the reuse of old building materials and components; According to the local climate conditions, adopt the strategy of non-mobile energy and try to apply renewable energy; Improve the flexibility of the use of residential space to reduce the building volume. Minimize the resources needed for construction; Reduce environmental damage in the construction process, and avoid environmental damage, waste of resources and waste of building materials. ,
4.2 Life span of residential buildings
The service life of houses will be greatly extended, and super durable houses will appear in large numbers. At present, the service life of a house is generally about 50 years according to its design drawings. People spend decades or even a lifetime of savings to buy a house, which is scrapped after use. This reality is a bit inconsistent with China's national conditions, so people urgently demand to improve the durability of houses. Now the research on ultra-durable concrete is on the rise. In the near future, the durability of concrete is expected to reach hundreds or even thousands of years. When the house adopts frame structure, we can use ultra-durable concrete, which greatly improves the durability of the house and realizes our dream of having ultra-durable houses. Its remarkable economic and social benefits are self-evident.
4.3 Comfort of residential buildings
The essence of residential buildings is to serve people. First of all, we should talk about comfort, that is to say, on the basis of satisfying the purchase area and apartment type, residential buildings should seek reasonable and effective arrangement of functional spaces, so that each functional space has poetic scale and proportion, so as to facilitate the layout of furniture and people's activities, and at the same time ensure the relative privacy of each functional space. In order to meet the indoor environmental quality, each functional space should have sufficient lighting, good ventilation and high utilization rate, and reflect certain artistry and advancement. For the external space environment, the creation of residents' communication space is also an important embodiment of living comfort. As an important part of residents' living environment, the planning should be clear in structure and open in image outline, and the group design should focus on a variety of private and semi-private spaces, and coordinate with squares, green spaces, sketches and transparent corridors to form a unified landscape, so as to be safe, quiet, warm and conducive to communication.
Conclusion In a word, the house should have its own unique style, which can not be reflected in the appearance of the house building, but more importantly in the connotation of the house. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively combine the overall layout, spatial organization and plane layout, architectural modeling, facade treatment and other aspects. Combining the residence with the local climatic conditions, living customs, traditional context, topography, landforms and base features, so that the residence has national style, local characteristics and the spirit of the times.
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