The first part is the preface.
First, the nature and value of the course
Second, the basic idea
Third, the design ideas of curriculum standards
The second part of the curriculum objectives
First, the overall goal
Second, the goal of the learning period
Part III Content Standards
I. Feeling and Appreciation
Second, performance.
Third, create
Fourth, music and related culture.
The fourth part of the implementation recommendations
I. Teaching suggestions
Second, the evaluation recommendations
Third, the development and utilization of curriculum resources.
Fourthly, suggestions on compiling teaching materials.
The first part is the preface.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the development of music education in primary and secondary schools in China has made great achievements. Especially in recent years, aesthetic education has been listed as one of the contents of education policy. Music education has developed rapidly, the number of teachers has been expanding, the reserve force has increased and the level has been greatly improved. Great progress has been made in music education and scientific research, and many outstanding achievements have been made. With the increasing number of international music education exchange activities, some foreign music education concepts and teaching systems have been systematically introduced and introduced. Teaching methods are gradually improving and perfecting. All these have laid a good foundation for the sustainable development of music education in China. However, under the new historical conditions, the current concept, content, methods, means and evaluation system of music education can no longer meet the requirements of the development of quality education. This situation affects the effective play of the aesthetic function of music education and restricts the development of music education in primary and secondary schools in China. Therefore, the reform of music education is imperative.
It is an important link in music education reform to formulate the Music Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education (Experimental Draft) (hereinafter referred to as the Standard). The standards strive to embody the basic spirit of deepening education reform and promoting quality education in an all-round way, take the aesthetic experience of music as the core, make the learning content lively and interesting, rich and colorful, have a distinct sense of the times and nationality, guide students to actively participate in music practice, respect individual different music experiences and learning methods, improve students' aesthetic ability, develop students' creative thinking, form good humanistic quality, and lay a good foundation for students to love, learn and enjoy music for life.
First, the nature and value of the course
Music is one of the oldest, most common and most infectious art forms of human beings, an indispensable and important form for human beings to express and communicate their thoughts and feelings through a specific sound structure, and an organic part of human spiritual life. As an important form and carrier of human culture, it contains rich cultural and historical connotations, accompanied by the development of human history with its unique artistic charm, and meets people's spiritual and cultural needs. The perception, expression and creation of music are the embodiment of people's basic quality and ability.
Music course is an important field of humanities, one of the main ways to implement aesthetic education and a compulsory course in the basic education stage.
The value of music courses is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Aesthetic experience value
Music education takes aesthetics as the core and mainly affects people's emotional world. The basic value of music class lies in that through aesthetic activities with listening to music, expressing music and creating music as the main content, students can fully experience the beauty and rich emotions contained in the sound form of music, be attracted and intoxicated by the ideal realm of truth, goodness and beauty expressed by music, and have strong emotions with it, so as to effectively play the functions and functions of music art in purifying the soul, edifying sentiment, enlightening wisdom and complementing each other, and help students cultivate healthy and noble aesthetic tastes.
2. Creative development value
Creation is the fundamental driving force for the development of art and even the whole society and history, and it is an important embodiment of the function and value of art education. Music creation is full of charm because of its strong and distinctive personality characteristics. In music class, lively music appreciation, expression and creative activities can activate students' desire to express and creative impulse, show their personality and creative ability in active participation, and give full play to students' imagination and creative thinking.
3. The value of social interaction
In many cases, music is a collective activity, such as chorus, chorus, ensemble, duet, ensemble and song and dance performance. This mutual group music activity is also a kind of interpersonal communication with music as a link, which is helpful to cultivate students' group consciousness and the spirit of mutual respect and cooperation. Successful music education should be carried out not only in the school classroom but also in the social environment. Paying attention to social music life and actively participating in classes, schools and social music activities will cultivate and develop students' group consciousness, cooperative spirit and practical ability.
4. Cultural heritage value
Music is an important carrier of human cultural heritage and the crystallization of human precious cultural heritage and wisdom. By studying China folk music, students will understand and love the music culture of the motherland, and the strong cohesion generated by the spread of China folk music will help cultivate students' patriotic feelings; By studying the music culture of other countries and nationalities in the world, students will broaden their aesthetic horizons, know the richness and diversity of music culture of all nationalities in the world, and enhance their understanding, respect and love for different cultures.
Second, the basic idea
1. Taking music aesthetics as the core
The basic idea of taking music aesthetics as the core should run through the whole process of music teaching, and cultivate students' beautiful sentiment and sound personality in a subtle way. The study of basic knowledge and skills of music should organically penetrate into the aesthetic experience of music art, and music teaching should be a process in which teachers and students experience, discover, create, express and enjoy the beauty of music. In teaching, we should emphasize the emotional experience of music and guide students to grasp the expression form and emotional connotation of music as a whole according to the aesthetic performance characteristics of music art, and understand the role of music elements in music performance.
2. Driven by hobbies
Interest is the basic motivation for learning music, and it is the premise for students to keep close contact with music, enjoy music and beautify their lives with music. Music class should give full play to the unique charm of music art, and stimulate and cultivate students' interest in learning with colorful teaching contents and lively teaching forms in different teaching stages according to students' physical and mental development laws and aesthetic psychological characteristics. The teaching content should attach importance to the combination with students' life experience and strengthen the connection between music lessons and social life.
Step 3 Face all students
The task of music class in compulsory education stage is not to train specialized music talents, but to face all students, so that each student's musical potential can be developed and benefited from it. All teaching activities of music class should be student-centered, with interaction between teachers and students, and students' feelings and participation in music activities should be placed in an important position.
4. Pay attention to personality development
Every student has the right to learn music in his own unique way, enjoy the fun of music, participate in various music activities and express his personal feelings. It is necessary to organically combine the universal participation of all students with the development of personalized teaching with different personalities, create vivid and flexible teaching forms, and provide students with the possibility and space to develop their personalities.
5. Pay attention to music practice
The teaching process of music class is the practice process of music art. Therefore, all fields of music teaching should attach importance to students' artistic practice and actively guide students to participate in various music activities as the basic way for students to enter music and gain musical aesthetic experience. Through the practice of music art, students' self-confidence in music performance can be enhanced, and a good sense of cooperation and team spirit can be cultivated.
6. Encourage music creation
Music creation in music courses in primary and secondary schools aims to enrich students' thinking in images and develop their creative potential through music. In the process of teaching, we should set up the contents, forms and scenes of vivid and interesting creative activities, develop students' imagination and enhance their creative consciousness. The evaluation of music creation activities should mainly focus on the process of creation activities. 7. Advocating discipline integration
The synthesis of music teaching includes the synthesis between different fields of music teaching; Sister arts such as music and dance, drama, film and television, and art; In practice, comprehensive teaching should take music as the main line and establish links with other arts and disciplines through specific music materials.
8. Promote national music
Music class should take the excellent traditional music of all ethnic groups in China as an important teaching content. By studying national music, students can understand and love the music culture of the motherland and enhance their national consciousness and patriotism. With the development of the times and the change of social life, outstanding national music works reflecting the social life of modern and contemporary China should also be included in music teaching.
9. Understanding multiculturalism
World peace and development depend on understanding and respect for different national cultures. While emphasizing the promotion of national music, we should also learn, understand and respect the music culture of other countries and nationalities in the world with a broad vision, and let students establish equal multicultural values through music teaching, thus helping us enjoy all the outstanding achievements of human civilization.
10. Improve the evaluation mechanism
On the premise of embodying the goal of quality education, a comprehensive evaluation mechanism based on the value of music curriculum and the realization of basic goals is established. Evaluation should include students, teachers and curriculum management, and can take various forms such as self-evaluation and mutual evaluation. The evaluation index should not only cover different teaching fields of music, but also pay attention to students' interest in music, hobbies, emotional reactions, attitudes and degrees of participation, and the effectiveness of the process and methods of teachers guiding students into music. We should be good at using evaluation in the dynamic teaching process to promote students' development, improve teachers' teaching level and improve teaching management.
Third, the design ideas of curriculum standards
The backbone of this standard is presented in different levels, fields and plates, which is reflected in the externalization process from curriculum objectives to content standards. As shown in the figure:
Curriculum objectives (reflected in three levels)
Emotions, attitudes and values, processes and methods, knowledge and skills.
↓
Teaching field (including four fields)
Feel and appreciate expression to create music and related culture.
↓
Content standard (divided into three parts)
1 ~ 2 Grade 3 ~ 6 Grade 7 ~ 9
The second part of the curriculum objectives
First, the overall goal
The setting of music curriculum goal is based on the realization of music curriculum value. Through teaching and various lively music practice activities, we can cultivate students' interest in music, develop students' ability to feel and appreciate music, express and create, improve students' musical cultural literacy, enrich students' emotional experience and cultivate students' noble sentiments. The above course objectives are expressed in the following three levels.
Emotional attitudes and values
1. Enrich emotional experience and cultivate a positive and optimistic attitude towards life. Through music learning, students' emotional world is infected and edified, and their love for relatives, others, human beings and all beautiful things is imperceptibly established, thus forming a positive and optimistic attitude towards life and yearning and pursuit for a better future.
2. Cultivate interest in music and establish a desire for lifelong learning.
Through various effective ways and means, guide students to enter and love music in the process of personal participation in music activities, master the basic knowledge and preliminary skills of music, and gradually form a good habit of enjoying music, laying the foundation for lifelong love of music.
3. Improve the aesthetic ability of music and cultivate noble sentiments.
Through the feeling and understanding of the artistic conception, style, ideological tendency and humanistic connotation of music works, we can cultivate the ability of music appreciation and evaluation, cultivate healthy and upward aesthetic taste, and enable students to be cultivated by noble sentiments in the world of true, good and beautiful music art.
4. Cultivate patriotism and collectivism.
Cultivate students' patriotic feelings through singing and praising the mountains and rivers, people, history, culture and social development of the motherland expressed in music works; In music practice, we should cultivate students' good behavior habits, tolerance, mutual respect, cooperation and collectivism.
5. Respect art and understand multiculturalism.
Respect artists' creative work and artistic works, and form a good habit of appreciating art. By learning works from different countries, different nationalities and different times, we can feel the national style and emotion in music, understand the musical traditions of different nationalities, and love the music of the Chinese nation and other nationalities in the world.
(2) Process and method
1. Experience
Advocate listening to music works completely and fully, so that students can get pleasant feelings and experiences in the process of music aesthetics; Inspire students to fully develop their imagination in the state of positive experience; Protect and encourage students' independent opinions in the music experience.
copy
According to the physical and mental characteristics of middle and lower grade students, starting with the basic elements of music, we accumulate perceptual experience through imitation, which lays the foundation for further developing musical expressive force and creative ability.
explore
By providing an open and interesting music learning scene, we can stimulate students' curiosity and desire to explore music, guide students to explore and create activities characterized by improvisation, and attach importance to the exploration process of developing students' creative thinking.
4. Cooperation
Make full use of the collective performance form and practice process of music art to cultivate students' good sense of cooperation and coordination in the group.
compound
By effectively infiltrating and applying other artistic expressions in music teaching, students can understand the meaning of music and its value in human artistic activities more intuitively through comprehensive artistic practice with music as the main line.
(3) Knowledge and skills
1. Music basics
Learn and understand the basic elements of music (such as strength, speed, timbre, rhythm, melody, harmony, etc. ), common music structure (musical form) and music genre form can effectively promote the formation and development of students' musical aesthetic ability.
2. Basic music skills
Cultivate students to sing confidently, naturally and with expression; Learn the initial skills of singing and playing; Read music scores on the basis of musical auditory perception and use them in music performance activities.
3. Music Creation and Historical Background
Express your feelings freely and improvise, and learn simple music creation knowledge and skills. By understanding the composer's life and the theme, genre and style of his works, we can understand the brief history of Chinese and foreign music development, initially identify the music of different times and nationalities, and deepen our understanding and understanding of China folk music.
4. Music and related culture
Understand the relationship between music and sister art, perceive the main means of expression and artistic form characteristics of different art categories, understand the relationship between music and other disciplines except art, and understand the social function of music and the relationship between music and social life according to your own life experience and knowledge.
Second, the goal of the learning period
The above curriculum objectives will be divided into three periods, which are reflected in the nine academic years of compulsory education. The main objectives of this subsection are as follows:
(1) grade 1 ~ 2
We should pay full attention to students' mental and physical characteristics, such as thinking in images, strong curiosity, strong imitation, and being good at using children's natural voices and dexterous bodies, and adopt comprehensive means of combining songs, dances, pictures and games for intuitive teaching. The materials for listening to music should be short, interesting and vivid.
Stimulate and cultivate students' interest in music.
Develop the perception of music and experience the beauty of music.
Able to sing naturally and expressively, willing to participate in other music performance and improvisation activities.
Cultivate an optimistic attitude and a spirit of friendship.
(2) Grade 3-6
Students' life scope and cognitive field are further expanded, and their ability to experience, feel, explore and create is enhanced. Attention should be paid to guiding students' overall feeling of music, enriching the genre and form of teaching tracks, increasing the weight of musical instrument performance and music creation activities, and attracting students with lively teaching forms and artistic charm.
Keep students interested in music and make them willing to participate in music activities.
Cultivate the ability to feel and appreciate music.
Cultivate the ability of musical expression.
Cultivate artistic imagination and creativity.
Cultivate an optimistic attitude and a spirit of friendship.
(3) Grade 7-9
Students are physically and mentally mature, their sense of participation and desire for communication are enhanced, and the ways to acquire knowledge and information are increased. They have formed their own preliminary experience in their study, and the way of expressing their emotions has changed obviously compared with the students in grades 1 ~ 6. We should consolidate and improve the basic skills of expressing music through various forms of artistic practice. Expand the scope of music appreciation and more consciously integrate the humanistic connotation of music into teaching. Students in grades 7-9 are in a period of voice change, so we should appropriately reduce the number of singing requirements and pay attention to voice protection.
Enhance students' interest in music and make them pay attention to and be willing to participate in music activities.
Improve the ability to feel, evaluate and appreciate music, and initially develop good music appreciation habits.
Cultivate the ability to express music.
Enrich and improve artistic imagination and creativity.
Cultivate rich interest in life and optimistic attitude, enhance group consciousness and exercise cooperation and coordination ability.
Part III Content Standards
The expression framework of this part.
Elements of musical expression
Music Emotion and Emotion
Area 1: Feel and appreciate-
Music genre and form
Music style and genre
Sing (in a performance)
Perform an instrumental performance
Area 2: Performance-
Comprehensive art performance
Reading music score
Explore sound and music
Area 3: Creation-Improvisation
Creative practice
Music and social life
Region 4: Music and related culture Music and sister art
Other subjects besides music and art.
Content standard of sub-research part
I. Feeling and Appreciation
Feeling and appreciation is an important field of music learning, the foundation of the whole music learning activity, and an effective way to cultivate students' musical aesthetic ability. The formation of good music perception and appreciation ability is of great significance for enriching emotions, improving cultural literacy and improving physical and mental health. In teaching, we should stimulate students' interest in listening to music, form good habits of listening to music, and gradually accumulate experience in listening to music. We should take various forms to guide students to actively participate in music experience, encourage students to have independent feelings and opinions about the music they listen to, help students establish a close relationship between music and life, and lay the foundation for lifelong learning and enjoying music.
Music expression of content elements
Standard 1 ~ 2 grade
Feel all kinds of sounds in nature and life. Be able to imitate with your own voice or percussion instruments. When listening to music, you can make corresponding emotional or physical reactions.
Can distinguish children's voices, female voices and male voices.
Feel the sound of the instrument. Can listen to the timbre of percussion instruments, and can play different sounds with different strength and length with percussion instruments.
Can feel and describe the changes of strength and speed in music.
Standard grades 3 to 6
I am curious and interested in all kinds of acoustics in nature and life, and can imitate them with my own voice or musical instrument. Can hum familiar songs or music, or react with gestures.
Can distinguish different types of female voices and male voices. Understand common China national musical instruments and western musical instruments, and be able to identify their timbres.
In the process of perceiving the rhythm and melody of music, we can initially distinguish the difference of the beat, and we can hear the height, speed and strength of the melody.
Be able to perceive the changes of music themes, phrases and paragraphs, and make corresponding responses by using posture or lines and colors.
Standard grades 7 ~ 9
Have the interest and desire to listen to and explore various sounds, and be able to explore different sounds made by different objects.
Deepen the understanding and experience of singing and musical instruments. Can explain the classification and timbre characteristics of human voice and common musical instruments.
Be able to understand and evaluate its musical performance in the process of understanding the musical performance elements such as strength, speed, timbre, rhythm, melody and harmony.
Perceiving the structure of music can simply express the contrast and change of different paragraphs of music.
Content, music, mood and emotion
Standard 1 ~ 2 grade
When you experience music with different emotions, you can naturally show corresponding expressions or make physical reactions.
Experience and tell the similarities and differences of musical emotions.
Standard grades 3 to 6
Listen to music with different emotions and describe it simply in words.
Can experience and briefly describe the changes of musical mood.
Standard grades 7 ~ 9
Can actively experience all kinds of emotions expressed by music, and can be described by musical expression terms.
Can perceive the development and change of musical emotion, and can express it simply or through various forms.
Genres and forms of content music
Standard 1 ~ 2 grade
Listening to children's songs, nursery rhymes, marches and dance music, you can respond to the music through modeling and percussion, and walk and dance with the music of marches and dance music.
Can distinguish between solo, solo, chorus and chorus.
Standard grades 3 to 6
Listen to children's songs, carols, lyric songs, narrative songs, art songs, pop songs and other genres and categories of songs, and can hum or silently sing along with the songs.
Listening to different genres and categories of instrumental music can respond to music through rhythm or percussion.
Can distinguish chorus and chorus, chorus and ensemble.
Be able to distinguish small music genres and musical forms, listen to music themes and name songs, 2 ~ 4 songs per academic year.
Standard grades 7 ~ 9
Listen to chorus, chorus, chamber music, concerto, symphony, opera, ballet music and other genres of songs and music, and make various forms of responses to music.
By listening to music to distinguish different genres and forms, you can listen to the theme of music and say the title of songs, 2 ~ 4 songs per academic year.
Be able to combine the music you listen to and simply evaluate the role of music genre and form in music expression.
Content music style and genre
Standard 1 ~ 2 grade
Listen to children's songs, nursery rhymes, instrumental music or music fragments from different countries, regions and nationalities, and feel their different styles initially.
Standard grades 3 to 6
Listen to Chinese folk music, get to know some representative regional and national folk songs, national songs and dances, national instrumental music, traditional Chinese opera and Quyi music, and understand their different styles.
Listen to folk music from all over the world and feel the different styles of some countries and ethnic music.
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