1, respect principle: respect is the core principle of psychological counseling. Consultants should respect the rights, personality, values and feelings of visitors and treat them equally. In the process of consultation, psychological counselors should avoid judging, criticizing or accusing visitors, but listen to their needs and problems and try their best to help them find solutions to their problems.
2, the principle of confidentiality: confidentiality is an important principle of psychological counseling. Consultants must protect the privacy and confidential information of visitors and must not disclose it to irrelevant personnel. In the process of consultation, consultants should avoid recording or disseminating personal information and consultation contents of visitors.
3, the principle of objective neutrality: psychological counselors should adhere to an objective and neutral attitude, not to impose their subjective emotions on visitors, not limited to visitors' ideas, inclusive of visitors' ideas, and not partial to any point of view.
4. The principle of informed consent: Before psychological consultation, the counselor should inform the visitor of the purpose, method, time and related matters needing attention, and obtain the consent of the visitor. Flexibility principle: psychological counselors should flexibly use various psychological counseling techniques and methods according to the needs and conditions of visitors to achieve the best counseling effect.
The differences between psychological counseling and psychoanalysis are as follows:
1, Object and Purpose: The object of psychological counseling is mainly ordinary people facing various psychological problems, and its goal is to help visitors solve current psychological problems, improve their psychological quality and promote their mental health. The object of psychoanalysis is an individual with deep psychological problems or mental illness.
2. Working style: Psychological consultation is usually conducted between the counselor and the visitor. Counselors help visitors solve problems by listening, understanding and guiding. Psychoanalysis, on the other hand, requires the counselor and the visitor to establish a special trust relationship, and explore the inner world of the visitor through free association, dream interpretation, empathy and anti-communism.
3. Methods and theories: There are various methods and theories of psychological counseling, which can be classified according to different theoretical schools and counseling methods, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, humanistic therapy and psychodynamic therapy. Psychoanalysis, on the other hand, is based on Freud's psychoanalytic theory, and deeply explores the inner world of visitors by means of free association, dream interpretation, empathy and anti-communism.