Birth control pills have many side effects.
When people design contraceptives, they use this kind of drugs containing estrogen and progesterone to act on the pituitary gland in a feedback way to inhibit ovarian ovulation and achieve contraceptive effect. This also determines that this drug has many other functions besides contraception-
1. Improve dysmenorrhea: Taking contraceptives can reduce dysmenorrhea by 60%.
2. Menstruation and menstrual control: Some women have irregular menstruation, often accompanied by excessive menstruation. But they usually take birth control pills for 22 days first, and then stop taking them for a few days, which can make the original irregular menstruation regular.
3. Reduce the incidence of some gynecological malignant tumors: An unexpected benefit of contraceptives is that they can reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, and even inhibit colon cancer and rectal cancer.
4. Reduce the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease: Contraceptives can make women's uterine mucus sticky, thus preventing the invasion and infection of pathogenic pathogens and reducing the probability of women suffering from pelvic inflammatory disease.
5. Beauty: Estrogen and progesterone in contraceptives have a good effect on women's skin. It can inhibit the secretion of androgen in vivo, thus achieving the purpose of treating acne.
In addition to the above effects, contraceptives can also reduce the incidence of uterine fibroids and premenstrual tension syndrome.
Abuse, beware of trouble
The side effects of contraceptives include nausea, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, breast tenderness, slight weight gain, nervousness, depression, irregular menstruation, brown spots on the skin and acne. In addition, contraceptives may also cause cancers, such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, liver adenoma and so on.
Therefore, doctors suggest that people with cerebrovascular disease or coronary heart disease, untreated hypertension, diabetes with vascular problems, smoking over 35 years old, pregnancy or possible pregnancy, liver disease, intestinal malabsorption and so on should never take contraceptives. Patients with migraine, less menstrual flow and depression should try not to take it if it is not necessary.
First, the side effects of short-acting oral contraceptives
1. Early pregnancy-like reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, etc. It usually disappears after 3 months without mild treatment, and the medication time can be changed, such as taking it before going to bed; Those with severe reaction can take vitamin b6 or antiemetic drugs, strong tea, soaked ginger, etc.
2. Vaginal bleeding during medication. This kind of situation is more common in missing contraceptives and can be handled in three ways. (1) Bleeding occurs in the first half of the menstrual cycle (1~ 14 days), which is the case in Xiao Fang. You can take ethinyl estradiol 1 tablet (0.005mg) or half a short-acting contraceptive every day from the day of bleeding, and take it together with the original contraceptive until the 22nd day. (2) Bleeding occurred in the second half of menstruation (14~28 days). You can take 1/4 ~ 1/2 short-acting oral contraceptives and stop taking them on the 22nd day. (3) When the last few pills bleed, you can stop taking the medicine. At this time, it is treated according to menstrual cramps, and the next cycle of contraceptives will be taken on the fifth day of menstruation. Taking medicine on time and not leaking medicine can avoid or reduce vaginal bleeding.
3. Decreased menstruation or amenorrhea. Those who still don't menstruate for 7 days after stopping taking medicine will take the next cycle contraceptive from the eighth day after excluding amenorrhea caused by pregnancy and other diseases; If amenorrhea lasts for more than 3 months, you should stop taking drugs and use other contraceptive measures.
4. A few women with facial pigmentation can take vitamin B complex and vitamin C, and use other contraceptive measures when necessary.
5. A few women gain a little weight after taking the medicine, so they can continue to take it and strengthen physical exercise; If you gain weight obviously, you should stop taking medicine and use other contraceptive measures.
Second, the side effects of long-acting contraceptives
1. If the early pregnancy-like reaction is serious, you can take the medicine after lunch, or take the contraceptive response inhibitor tablets at the same time every cycle, once 1 tablet, twice a day 1~2 days. The early pregnancy-like reaction of long-acting contraceptive needles is lighter than oral drugs, so it is generally unnecessary to make diagnosis and treatment.
2. Irregular vaginal bleeding during menstruation. For irregular bleeding caused by long-acting oral contraceptives, ethinylestradiol 1 tablet can be added. If bleeding still occurs, other contraceptive methods can be used. When irregular bleeding is caused by long-acting contraceptive needles, ethinylestradiol can be used for treatment, or 10 days after injection of long-acting contraceptive needles, 1~2 short-acting contraceptives can be taken every day for 5 days.
3. The menstrual cycle is shortened. You can take 1~2 short-acting contraceptives every day for 5 days before each menstruation to prolong the menstrual period.
4. Too much or too little menstrual flow, generally without treatment, can return to normal after stopping the drug. Individuals with significantly increased menstrual flow should consider stopping taking drugs, further find out the reasons and switch to other contraceptive measures.
5. Breast swelling, palpitation, flushing, backache, abdominal pain, etc. , can return to normal after stopping the drug.
6. Headache. Pay attention to measuring blood pressure. If your blood pressure is normal, you can continue to take medicine. If you have a persistent headache, you should consider stopping taking medicine.
7. Individuals may have allergic reactions. If you inject a long-acting contraceptive needle, you should observe 15~20 minutes after injection. If you have allergic reaction, you should stop taking medicine or taking injections and use other contraceptive measures.
8. Leucorrhea increases and generally does not require treatment. If you find a lot of leucorrhea, and it stinks, the vulva itches, etc. You should go to the hospital for examination to rule out vaginitis caused by other reasons so as to treat it in time.
Third, the side effects of visiting relatives contraceptives
1. Early pregnancy-like reaction. The early pregnancy-like reaction of visiting relatives contraceptives is mild and generally does not require treatment. Among them, 53 kinds of anti-pregnancy tablets have obvious nausea and vomiting, and short-acting oral contraceptives have more serious early pregnancy-like reactions.
2. Irregular vaginal bleeding during menstruation, add ethinylestradiol tablets 1~2 tablets for 3~5 days.
3. amenorrhea. You can inject progesterone or take short-acting oral contraceptive No.2, 2 tablets a day for 3 consecutive days.
Fourth, the side effects of vaginal contraceptives
1. Some users have allergic reactions, such as severe irritation of female vulva, vagina and male penis, local congestion and edema. Use anti-allergic treatment or change other contraceptive measures.
2. The local symptoms are mild irritation, vaginal burning and increased vaginal secretions. After symptomatic treatment, if the symptoms are relieved, you can continue to use them. If the treatment fails, switch to other contraceptive measures.
Five, the side effects of subcutaneous implants
1. Menstrual disorder, menstrual bleeding, increased menstrual flow and prolonged menstruation. Take ethinyl estradiol tablets orally, 0.005 ~ 0.olmg each time, three times a day, and stop taking the medicine after the bleeding stops; Take short-acting contraceptive tablets 1 or No.2, 1 tablet every day for 22 days. If menstruation is still abnormal after 2~3 months, compound megestrol acetate injection 1 tablet should be injected intramuscularly, and 1 tablet should be injected intramuscularly after 7 days.
2。 A few women have headaches and gain weight. If it is not serious, there is no need for treatment. If the symptoms are serious, symptomatic treatment can be given. If you have a bad headache, you should stop taking medicine.
There are about 1 100 million women of childbearing age aged 20-29 in China, of which only 2.3% use oral contraceptives, while the use rate in Europe and America is as high as 40%. On April 12, Professor Zheng, an expert in obstetrics and gynecology in the First Hospital of Peking University, disclosed this set of data at a symposium on contraception and women's health, and talked about several misunderstandings about contraceptives at present: leading to weight gain; Reduce the female fertility rate; Stop taking drugs for 3-6 months to get pregnant; Cause fetal malformation; Long-term use is harmful to the body and will increase the risk of some gynecological cancers.
As soon as these formulas came out, they immediately attracted the attention of the media. While making a report, everyone raised such a question: How should we treat contraceptives?
Contraceptive use rate is low and abortion rate is high.
Among women aged 20-29 in China, the abortion rate is about 62%. In Holland, the abortion rate is 5. 1%. . Accordingly, the contraceptive use rate is 2.3% in China and 36% in the Netherlands.
In fact, statistics show that there is a positive correlation between abortion rate and contraceptive use rate. /kloc-among women aged 0/5-45, the contraceptive use rate in France, Australia, Britain and Sweden is between 20% and 30%, and the abortion rate is at the level of more than ten thousandths; Finally, the abortion rate in Japan is as high as 84%. Contraceptive use rate is lower than that in China, only 1%. According to the data provided by Professor Zheng, in China, 56% of married women who failed contraception used condoms, and 24% used intrauterine devices. Unmarried women who failed in contraception mainly used condoms (7 1%). Studies have shown that the reliability of contraceptives is 10- 15 times higher than that of condoms and 1.5-4 times higher than that of intrauterine devices.
These data illustrate the important role of contraceptives. Wu Shuying, director of the Family Planning Department of the Third Hospital of Peking University, believes that birth control pills are the "best choice".
People in China are afraid of birth control pills.
But this "best choice" has not been fully recognized in China. Why?
Professor Wu Shuying told reporters that in China, contraceptives are synthetic steroid hormones, mainly including estrogen and progesterone. "I started the clinical trial of contraceptives in 2004 and fully felt people's resistance to contraceptives." Professor Wu said that at that time, many people were asking: Will taking birth control pills increase weight, lead to breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and affect future generations? Professor Wu is used to these problems. She met a 44-year-old teacher who had six abortions but refused to take birth control pills. "Like her, many people would rather have an abortion than take birth control pills." Professor Wu shook her head and said that sometimes patients even thought she was selling medicine, which made her very helpless.
Speaking of the reasons why women in China are reluctant to take contraceptive measures, Professor Wu believes that one of the reasons is that IUD has been widely promoted in China since 1980s, which has made people form the concept that IUD is the most effective, and its utilization rate is still as high as 4 1.7%. Some doctors have misunderstandings in this regard. However, since 2000, people's acceptance of contraceptives has become higher and higher. However, she pointed out that the key factor affecting the use rate of contraceptives lies in people's misunderstanding of its "side effects". Even in the developed country, the United States, a survey by the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention shows that most women have misunderstandings about oral contraceptives, with 3.