How to evaluate the quality of exercise physiology of cardiac function

The quality of cardiac function can be expressed by stroke output, cardiac output, cardiac index, ejection fraction, stroke work and work per minute. The average stroke volume of a normal person is 70 ml. The average cardiac output is 5.0 liters per minute. The heart index at rest and on an empty stomach is about 3.0-3.5 liters per minute per square meter. The ejection fraction of healthy adults at rest is about 55%-65%.

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