What is the historical background of the human genome project and its influence on human beings?

The Human Genome Project, jointly made by scientists from six countries, including China, is called the "three major projects" in the history of natural science together with the Manhattan Atomic Project and the Apollo Moon Landing Project, but its impact on human beings will far exceed the other two projects. The genetic material of human beings is DNA, and its sum is the human genome, which consists of about 3 billion base pairs distributed in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus. The core of "Human Genome Project" is to construct DNA sequence diagram, that is, to analyze the arrangement order of basic components of human genome DNA molecules and draw sequence diagram. 3 billion is an astronomical figure, and this project can also be said to be a plan to interpret the book of life. Top scientists from the United States, Britain, Japan, China, Germany and France participated in this project.

The ultimate goal of this project is to determine the 3 billion basic chemical components of the human genome (called base pairs or nucleotides), and then uncover the interrelationships of tens of thousands of genes related to human birth, aging, disease and death. From 65438 to 0984, the US Department of Energy held a meeting and began to brew the "Human Genome Project". 1989, the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health proposed the Human Genome Mapping Project. The United States took the lead in launching the Human Genome Project in June 1 990+1October1. Maynard, member of the American Human Genome Advisory Committee? Olson is one of the earliest promoters of the human genome project, and Robert, director of a sequencing center in the United States? The heads of the human genome in Waterston and Britain all expressed their support. The United States has completed nearly 54% of the workload of the Human Genome Project and is the largest contributor to the Human Genome Project. Britain is the second largest contributor to the Human Genome Project, and 34% of its contribution is made by the Sanger Center funded by the Wellcome Foundation. Japan, France and Germany contributed 6.8%, 2.8% and 2.2% to the Human Genome Project respectively. China undertook the sequencing of the telomere side of the short arm of chromosome 3, about 30 cM, accounting for 1% of the whole human genome. China Huada Gene, National Natural Science Foundation, Southern Gene Center of Institute of Genetics, China Academy of Sciences, Northern Human Genome Center, Yang, Wang Jian,, Qiang Boqin, etc. It also greatly promoted the human genome project.