Question 2: What does nursing include? Examination courses: College English, VF programming, ideology and construction, including introduction to Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory, basic principles of Marxism, physical education, college Chinese, human anatomy, pathogenic biology, physiology, pharmacology, nursing ethics, basic nursing, internal medicine nursing, surgical nursing, obstetrics and gynecology nursing and pediatric nursing.
Examination courses: English listening and speaking, computer culture foundation, ideological and moral cultivation and legal foundation, outline of modern history of China, career development and employment guidance, mental health education, medical organic chemistry, histology and embryology, medical immunology, biochemistry, pathology, pathophysiology, nursing psychology, introduction to nursing, health assessment, infectious disease nursing, nursing research, ent nursing, community nursing, geriatric nursing and nursing.
Question 3: What are the specific tasks of nursing? The first chapter is introduction.
1, what are the common nursing methods? Briefly describe the characteristics of each method.
(1) Case nursing. Nurses have clear responsibilities and are responsible for completing all their own nursing contents. They can grasp the overall situation of patients, but they need manpower.
⑵ Functional nursing is an assembly line operation mode, with clear division of labor, easy organization and management, and saving manpower. However, due to the lack of communication opportunities with patients and less consideration of patients' psychological and social needs, it is difficult for nurses to grasp the overall situation of patients.
⑶ Group nursing can play the role of nurses at all levels and understand the general situation of patients, but the personal responsibility of nurses is relatively weakened.
(4) Responsible nursing. Responsible nurses have clear responsibilities and can fully understand the patient's situation, but it is difficult to meet the requirement of being responsible for patients for 24 hours. There are more tasks to write records and more personnel needs.
5. Comprehensive nursing can ensure that nurses with different experiences, abilities and educational levels are reasonably allocated and used in their work, make full use of human resources and promote their development. This way of working not only considers cost-effectiveness, but also provides space and opportunities for nurses' personal development.
2. What are the basic requirements for nurses engaged in nursing work?
(1) ideological and moral quality: (2) scientific and cultural quality: (3) professional quality: (4) physical quality: (5) psychological quality:
3. Nurses need to help people solve the following four health-related problems.
(1) Relieve pain: (1) Relieve pain: (3) Restore health: (4) Promote health:
Chapter II Basic Concepts of Nursing
1, what nursing activities are there to improve the quality of life?
(1) physiological fields, such as * * * keeping patients comfortable.
(2) Psychological field, such as psychological consultation for dying patients.
(3) Social sphere. Encourage patients' families to visit and accompany patients frequently.
2. What are the measures to prevent diseases?
(1) Primary prevention, also called etiological prevention, is to prevent the occurrence of health problems from the causes, such as making people pay attention to a balanced diet and nutrition through health education.
(2) Secondary prevention. The key is early detection, early diagnosis and early screening of patients with health problems such as hypertension.
(3) Three-level prevention, that is, active treatment, prevention of complications and measures to promote physical and mental health, in order to prevent further deterioration of diseases and various disabilities.
3. Examples show that health is a dynamic and changing process.
Health and disease are a continuous process, and there is no absolute dividing line.
(1) An abscissa represents the dynamic change process of health and disease, with one end representing the best health state and the other end representing dying or dying, and there are stages such as good health, normal health, discomfort and disease.
(2) Everyone is in a certain position in the dynamic process of health-disease, and this position is changing at any time, not static.
(3) The scope of nursing includes the whole process of health, that is, from maintaining the best health state to helping the dying person die peacefully, peacefully and with dignity. Need to give one or two examples to illustrate.
4. Analyze the relationship among people, environment, health and nursing.
People, environment, health and nursing are four basic concepts of nursing, which are interrelated and influence each other.
(1) People are the clients of nursing, and people's health is the center of nursing.
(2) There is continuous interaction between human and environment in order to promote, maintain or restore health.
(3) People's internal and external environmental factors affect their health. If the change of environment exceeds people's compensatory ability, people's health will develop in a bad direction.
5. Illustrate the importance of humanistic concept in nursing practice with examples.
People are the object of nursing service, and the concept of people has the following characteristics:
(1) Man is a whole: man is composed of four aspects: physiology, psychology, spirit and society, and all aspects form a complete and unique man through mutual connection, interdependence and interaction. The discomfort or disorder of any component will affect other parts or even the whole, and the object of care is not the disease, but the whole person. Nurses should also realize the various attributes of people in nursing practice.
(2) Man is an open system: man does not exist in isolation, and he is constantly exchanging materials, energy and information with his surroundings. Its basic goal is to maintain the stability and balance of the internal environment in order to adapt to the changes of the external environment. People are influenced by the environment and can also influence the environment.
(3) People have different levels of basic needs at different stages of development: people of different ages have different development characteristics and tasks, and the levels of basic needs are also different.
(4) People have the ability to take care of themselves ... >>
Question 4: What should be included in the department nursing management under the medical environment? Contents of nursing quality management: To carry out nursing quality management, we must first make clear its tasks and requirements, study the quality of nursing work in nursing quality management, check, analyze and control 1, and improve the quality of nurses. We must ensure the overall quality of nurses and strengthen the training of nurses. The primary tasks of nursing quality management should be: (1) good service concept, solid theoretical foundation and skilled nursing technology; (2) Strong management awareness and knowledge; (3) Establish legal awareness and master legal knowledge to train nurses, so that they can truly understand the importance of nursing quality management and master nursing quality management in departments only with the knowledge and technology to ensure nursing quality. 2. Formulate nursing quality standards: nursing quality standards, nursing quality management, basic nursing practice foundation, workload, quality scale, weight, nursing quality standards, work items, management requirements or management image, and specific types and series of standard nursing quality standards system: (1) nursing technical operation quality standards: including basic nursing technical operation; (2) nursing management quality standards: including wards and specialties. (3) Quality standard of nursing documents: including temperature list, nursing records, doctor's orders, nursing cases, etc. (4) Clinical nursing quality standards: including super nursing quality standards, completion rate of first aid projects, basic nursing qualification rate, disinfection and isolation qualification rate, error and accident rate, etc. 3. Nursing quality management: quality management should inject new branch management content. In basic principles, the list of quality management should be paid attention to: (1) Do basic work well, so that nurses can understand the concept and significance of quality management; Master quality management tools (2) Work content standards Every nursing work has a unified standard. Every nurse has a standard to show the basis of quality management. (3) PDCA cycle management is adopted in the quality management process: that is, the four-stage cycle of planning, execution, inspection and treatment, and the quality management will continue, and the level that stays in the cycle is only simple repetition and spiral rise. (4) Data statistics: There will be data statistics records in all aspects of nursing quality management, making management more scientific. (5) Control of nursing quality defects. (6) Nursing work unit and service quality management. (7) Nursing collaborative service quality management: establish and improve the nursing quality management system. Establish a quality information system; Improve the quality management system
Question 5: What are the basic standards of nursing management? Nursing medical record: it is the general name of words, symbols, icons and other materials formed by nurses in the process of medical treatment and nursing activities. It is the concrete embodiment and evidence that nurses record patients' condition changes, treatment and nursing measures, and it is the concrete embodiment and process that nurses use nursing procedures to solve practical problems for patients.
Nursing medical records mainly include temperature list, doctor's advice list, admission nursing evaluation list, ordinary care record list, surgical nursing record list, surgical patient checklist, etc., which are important components of medical records.
Question 6: What are the main aspects of nursing quality management?
To carry out nursing quality management, we must first clarify its tasks and requirements. On this premise, we should study nursing quality management, check, analyze and control the quality of various nursing work.
1, improve the quality of nursing staff: to ensure good nursing quality, the overall quality of nursing staff is the decisive factor. Therefore, strengthening the training of nursing staff is the primary task of nursing quality management. A high-quality nursing staff should have:
(1) Good service concept, solid theoretical foundation and skilled nursing technology; (2) Strong management awareness and knowledge;
(3) Establish legal awareness and master legal knowledge. .
Therefore, training nurses should start from the above three aspects, so that they not only have the knowledge and technology to ensure the quality of nursing, but also make her truly realize the importance of nursing quality management and master the scientific methods of nursing quality management.
2. Formulate nursing quality standards: nursing quality standards are the basis of nursing quality management, the basis of nursing practice, and the yardstick and weight to measure the quantity and quality of work. Nursing quality standard should be determined by work items or management requirements or management objects, and it is a nursing quality standard system composed of various items, categories and a series of specific standards. The specific content is divided into four categories:
(1) Quality standard of nursing technical operation: including basic nursing technical operation and specialized nursing technical operation.
(2) Quality standards of nursing management: including the quality standards of nursing work in wards, outpatient departments, emergency departments, operating rooms, blood purification departments in supply rooms and other departments.
(3) Quality standard of nursing documents: including temperature list, nursing records, doctor's orders, nursing cases, etc.
(4) Clinical nursing quality standards: including the first-class nursing quality standards, the intact rate of first-aid articles, the qualified rate of basic nursing, the qualified rate of disinfection and isolation, and the rate of errors and accidents.
3, nursing quality management methods: quality management should inject new scientific management content, quality management methods should be varied, starting from the most basic principles should pay attention to the following aspects:
(1) Do a good job in basic work and let nurses know the concept and significance of quality management; Master the tools of quality management.
(2) Work content standard, which is the basic method of quality management. Every nursing staff should set a unified standard for each nursing work.
(3) PDCA cycle management is adopted in the quality management process: that is, four stages of planning, execution, inspection and treatment, and the quality management cycle is repeated. This cycle is not a simple repetition of one level, but a spiral rise.
(4) Data statistics: the records of all aspects of nursing quality management are statistically processed to make the management more scientific. (5) Control of nursing quality defects.
(6) Nursing man-hour unit and service quality management. (7) Nursing collaborative service quality management: establish and improve the nursing quality management system; Establish a quality information system; Improve the quality management system.
Question 7: What nursing learning contents and subjects does nursing staff management include?
1. Main disciplines
Introduction to basic nursing: internal medicine nursing, surgical nursing, pediatric nursing and obstetrics and gynecology nursing.
Step 2: Main course
Human anatomy, physiology, pathology, pathophysiology, nursing psychology, pharmacology, health assessment, basic nursing (including introduction to nursing), internal medicine nursing, surgical nursing, pediatric nursing, obstetrics and gynecology nursing, etc.
Generally includes the following aspects.
Hospital nursing
1. Basic nursing researches and applies the basic theories and techniques of nursing to meet the basic needs of patients' life and psychotherapy. Through clinical nursing, we can provide dynamic information about the occurrence and development of diseases in time for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, effectively cooperate with and participate in the treatment, examination and rescue of critically ill patients, and make patients in the best psychological state with positive and safe nursing countermeasures.
2. Specialized nursing combines the characteristics of clinical specialties and applies specialized nursing theory and nursing technology, such as strengthening the monitoring of critically ill patients and burns, microsurgery, organ transplantation, and specialized nursing before and after operation.
3. Nursing management uses scientific methods to organize and implement clinical nursing work; Create a beautiful rest environment for patients; Establish a good nurse-patient relationship; Effectively improve the quality of nursing.
(2) Community nursing
Community nursing focuses on preventive health care, including disease prevention and health consultation; Nursing science popularization and vaccination; Mental health guidance; Family planning, prenatal and postnatal care guidance; Occupational disease prevention and family visit nursing, etc.
(3) Nursing education
To study the laws, methods and modes of training nursing talents, continuously improve the quality of nursing education, improve the knowledge structure of nursing staff and meet the needs of nursing development.
(4) Nursing scientific research
The development of nursing science needs the support and promotion of nursing scientific research. The construction of nursing theory, the combination of nursing theory and nursing practice, the improvement of nursing technology and methods, the reform of nursing equipment and tools, and the establishment of nursing management model. Exploring laws, summing up experience and promoting the continuous development of nursing depend on nursing scientific research.
Question 8: What aspects does the nursing management plan include? Nursing management is an applied discipline that applies management theories and methods to nursing practice and gradually develops. This paper mainly studies the phenomena and laws of nursing management, and achieves the purpose of ensuring the efficiency of nursing management through five management functions: planning, organization, human resource management, leadership and control. The main task of learning is to understand the theoretical basis and methods of management, as well as the organizational structure, characteristics and tasks of nursing management; Grasp the five functions of management basically, and have the ability to solve practical problems of nursing management by using basic management theories and skills. Thank you. Please adopt it.
Question 9: What does the nurse's self-management mainly include? The concept of nursing and its evolution.
The concept of nursing
Nursing originated from Latin, originally meant to feed children, and later extended to take care of children, the elderly, the sick and the weak. The definition of nursing changes with the development of society and the change of social needs. Different times, different nursing organizations and groups, and different nursing theorists have different definitions of nursing.
American Association of Nurses (ANA) 1980 put forward: "Nursing is to diagnose and deal with human responses to existing and potential health problems." This definition states that:
(1) The service object of nursing is not only simple diseases, but the whole people, including both patients and healthy people, as well as families, communities and society composed of people. The ultimate goal of nursing is to improve the health level of all mankind.
(2) Nursing studies people's responses to health problems, that is, people's physical, psychological and social health responses.
(3) This definition is closely related to the nursing procedure, which is a scientific working method to evaluate, diagnose, plan, implement and evaluate the health problems of the patients to complete the diagnosis and treatment. This definition better expresses the scientificity and independence of nursing, and has been recognized and adopted by the nursing community in most countries.
Evolution process of nursing concept
Since the development of modern nursing, the concept of nursing is constantly changing and developing due to the transformation of medical model and the maturity of nursing theory. This change can be summarized into three stages:
Disease-centered stage
(2) the patient-centered stage
(3) People's health as the center stage * * * * * * * What kind of nurses does modern nursing need?
As a profession, nurses have a history of more than one hundred years. In the new century, the concept and structure of modern medicine are undergoing profound changes, and modern nursing has higher and higher requirements for nurses. Nurses shoulder more and more responsibilities in promoting human health, which has been recognized and valued by society. If you want to be an excellent nurse in the nursing team in the future without being eliminated, you need to have a very comprehensive quality and make unremitting efforts in your work.
I. Concept
(1) Respect your job: Before you choose to be a nurse, you should think carefully: Are you suitable for this profession? Do you like this job? If you have no enthusiasm for a job, it is difficult for you to do it well. Only those who love the nursing profession will strive to do a good job in nursing and enjoy the happiness.
(2) Patient-centered: service and responsibility are the main duties of nurses, and the nursing object should not be limited to diseases, but the patient is the key. We should respect patients, understand and protect their rights, actively meet their reasonable needs, and make them recover physically and mentally as soon as possible.
Two. Education and learning
At present, most nurses in our country are technical secondary schools and junior colleges, and there are not many nurses with bachelor degree or above in nursing. According to reports, the level of education is obviously related to the level of nursing quality, and high education is an important prerequisite to ensure high-quality nursing. With the development of modern nursing, the requirement for the proportion of highly educated nurses in the nursing team is bound to be higher and higher. At present, China's undergraduate nursing graduates have shown the market characteristics of short supply.
To become a high-level and high-quality nurse, it is necessary to complete it through academic education and continuing education. The contents of continuing education mainly include: professional ethics education; "three basics" education; Specialized nursing theory and technical operation education; Education of new nursing theories and concepts; Training of humanistic knowledge such as psychology, sociology and aesthetics, as well as training of foreign languages and computer skills. Good study habits are the main means to complete continuing education, and lifelong learning is the basis for nurses' success and professional development. They should have an open-minded attitude to learn, and constantly improve their own quality through communication and study with colleagues and other medical workers.
Three. individuality
Nurse is a special service occupation, which requires high personality of nurses. Every nurse should have the following personality characteristics:
(1) Kindness: Only with love and compassion can we truly appreciate the sufferings of patients and help them from the heart. (2) Meticulousness: It is difficult for careless people to successfully complete nursing work, and error-prone is their common fault. This kind of person is not suitable for being a nurse. (3) Peace: Nursing work will encounter all kinds of things, many of which are either very hard or very wronged. An impatient person will not easily control his emotions, but will immediately show dissatisfaction and anger, which will destroy the relationship between nurses and patients or between doctors and patients. (4) Self-discipline: Nurses should respond to what they say at work ... >>
Question 10: What are the characteristics of nursing management? Reprint the following information for your reference.
Characteristics of nursing management
The characteristics of nursing management are inseparable from the characteristics of nursing discipline.
As an independent discipline, nursing has its own regularity. Nursing should comprehensively use the knowledge of the relationship between human psychology and physiology, as well as the knowledge of natural science, social science and thinking science to help, guide and care for people to maintain or regain the relative balance between internal and external environment, so as to achieve physical and mental health and energy. In addition to cooperating with doctors to complete diagnosis and treatment tasks, nursing work is mainly independent nursing work. Nursing is a response to the diagnosis and treatment of people's existing and potential health problems, which is a unique field different from medical practice. The object of nursing work is people. Today, with the development of medical model to bio-psychological-social medical model, great changes have taken place in nursing work, showing its independent laws and characteristics. Similarly, nursing management is not only the responsibility of head nurses and nursing department directors. In order to take care of the nursing objects and provide them with nursing services, every nursing staff needs to plan, communicate and apply problem-solving procedures. So every nursing staff can be said to be a nursing manager.
According to the characteristics that the object of nursing work is patients, special requirements are put forward for the quality of nurses. Nurses directly serve patients, which requires nurses to have good quality cultivation. Good quality training can be obtained through management education, and cultivating and maintaining the good quality of nurses is one of the important contents of nursing management construction.
Nursing management should adapt to the scientific and service nature of nursing work. As an independent discipline, nursing should comprehensively apply all aspects of knowledge, which is more scientific. With the development of modern nursing theory and the introduction of new nursing technology and knowledge, the scientific nature of nursing has been strengthened. The service of nursing work is also very strong, especially the clinical patient-centered nursing, which is scientific, service-oriented, technical, ideological, timely and continuous, and requires the integration of theory with practice and the combination of mental and physical labor. Nursing management should adapt to these characteristics.
Nursing work has a wide range of connections. Nursing work should be linked with doctors, medical skills, logistics, administrative management, patients, family members, units and other aspects to form a patient-centered working relationship with nursing as the main body; Especially in recent years, with the development of family and social services, it is particularly important to communicate in many aspects in nursing work. Coordinating these relationships is an important content of nursing management.
Nursing work is continuous, 24 hours a day, and women account for the vast majority of the nursing team. They have many night shifts, many independent operations, heavy responsibilities, the closest contact with patients, mental stress, fatigue and irregular life. Nursing management must attach importance to these characteristics, properly solve various difficulties, and ensure that nursing staff can work with peace of mind.