Self-care theory (theory? Yes? Self-care) is a famous contemporary American nursing theorist named dorothea? E.Orem) in 197 1. This theory only needs to explain what is self-care, when individuals need care, and how to provide care to help people improve their self-care ability and meet their self-care needs. Orem's self-care theory has been widely used in nursing education, nursing practice, nursing management and nursing research.
Allam's self-care theory
The main content of self-care theory
Self-care theory Self-care theory focuses on what self-care is, what self-care needs people have, and what factors will affect the individual's governance ability, including the following concepts:
Self-care, also known as self-care or self-care, is an individual's effort to maintain life, health and functional integrity. Self-care is a conscious behavior, which can be obtained through learning or the help of others. This concept is the basis of the whole self-care theory.
Self-representation and even the ability of individuals to take care of themselves. Generally speaking, people have the ability to take care of themselves, but the size of this ability is influenced by factors such as age, development level, cultural background, health status and available conditions. Personal self-care ability can be continuously improved and developed through acquired practice and study.
General condition factors refer to some factors that reflect the living conditions of individuals and their living conditions. These factors will affect the self-care ability of individuals, such as age, gender, growth status, health status, social and cultural background, health services and so on. System, family system, lifestyle habits, environmental factors. And available resources.
Therapeutic governance needs (Therapeutc? Self-care needs) refers to the sum of all self-care needs faced by individuals in a certain period of time, including general self-care needs and self-care needs when they are in poor health.
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(1) General self-care needs: refers to the self-care needs of individuals to maintain their own structural integrity and normal functions, which are essential at all stages of the life cycle and the common needs of human survival and reproduction.
Orem believes that the general self-care needs include: ① getting enough air, water and food. ② Provide control and coordination related to excretion. ③ Keep the balance of activities, rest and sleep. (4) Keep the balance between solitude and sociality. ⑤ Prevent and avoid factors harmful to life and health. ⑥ Strive to reach the normal state of group recognition.
(2) Self-care needs of development: refers to the special self-care needs of individuals in the process of growth and development, or the needs of specific circumstances.
Orem believes that the self-care needs of development include: ① the special needs of different growth and development stages, such as neonatal period, infancy, adolescence and menopause, all have their special needs. (2) Needs under specific circumstances in the process of growth and development: the need to avoid or reduce adverse consequences under specific circumstances such as dropping out of school, unemployment and bereavement.
(3) Self-care needs in poor health: refers to the needs of individuals due to special pathological changes such as disease, disability and treatment.
Orem believes that the self-care needs of people with poor health include: ① seeking timely and appropriate treatment and care. ② Understand, prevent, be alert to and respond to the physical and mental reactions caused by diseases. (3) Effective treatment according to doctor's advice; ④ Recognize, be alert, handle and adjust the discomfort and adverse reactions caused by treatment and nursing. ⑤ Accept and adapt to the sick role. ⑥ Learning and adapting to the influence of diseases.