Brief introduction to the content of laboratory construction standard scheme
In recent years, laboratory construction mainly depends on state funding. Due to the slow development of science and technology, the state has put forward the problem of laboratory construction, and thus established national key laboratories, and laboratory construction mainly refers to the state's scientific research funding support for these laboratories.
Decoration design of laboratory construction standard scheme
The overall design is based on elegant and fresh colors, simple, natural, fashionable and high-grade, which not only embodies the functional requirements of modern laboratories, but also greatly conforms to the norms of ergonomics. When the laboratory is divided into functional areas, the bearing capacity of the building floor should be reduced as much as possible. The partition in the laboratory adopts light partition wall, and different materials are used according to different laboratories.
Smallpox: The ceiling of the general laboratory is aluminum gusset plate with keel support, which does not accumulate dust and is not easy to fall off. Some instruments need to be silenced, and smallpox is silenced. The lighting adopts embedded dust-proof lamp panel 30Wx3, and the illumination in the working area is >: 450Lux, and the illumination in the aisle is > 200Lux.
Laboratory noise: According to OSHA and ADA specifications, the noise in the laboratory should not be higher than 60 decibels. Scanning electron microscope room considering liquid quality and gas quality.
Laboratory floor: Different types of laboratories such as washing room, high greenhouse, gas cylinder room, mercury-containing laboratory, constant temperature and humidity laboratory, clean laboratory and large instrument room need different ground treatment methods.
In addition, some special laboratories, such as biosafety laboratories and constant temperature and humidity laboratories, need to be renovated according to relevant technical specifications.
Standard scheme for design of laboratory building power distribution engineering
The power distribution project of laboratory is designed by professional designers according to the specific requirements of experimental instruments and equipment, which is very different from ordinary buildings. Because the requirements of laboratory instruments and equipment for circuits are complex, which is not what people usually think, as long as they meet the requirements of maximum voltage and maximum power. In fact, many instruments and equipment have special requirements for circuits (such as electrostatic grounding and power-off protection). ).
In the process of engineering construction, it is found that most users did not fully consider the special requirements of laboratory electricity consumption in the early stage of laboratory design and construction, and even some users and design units thought that the electricity consumption in laboratory was similar to that in general office. This has brought great trouble to the later laboratory operation.
The design of power distribution engineering should not only consider the existing instruments and equipment, but also consider the development plan of the laboratory for several years. Fully consider the reservation of distribution engineering and future circuit maintenance.
Air conditioning system design of laboratory construction standard scheme
The indoor calculation parameters of general laboratory air conditioning in summer are: temperature 26 ~ 28℃, relative humidity less than 65%. The calculation parameters of air-conditioned rooms in special laboratories should be determined according to the process requirements. The main function of air conditioning system is to control the temperature and humidity of the laboratory. Only when the air conditioning system cooperates with the laboratory ventilation system can the temperature, humidity and indoor pressure in the laboratory be effectively controlled. In a word, the requirements for air conditioning systems in laboratories are different from those in ordinary offices or public areas, and have their own particularity.
Design of fire control system in laboratory
The laboratory is a special environment, and the requirements for fire fighting are much higher than those of ordinary office buildings. Laboratory designers should take different fire-fighting measures according to the specific conditions of the laboratory (equipment investment and process characteristics, experimental process requirements, types of stored samples and reagents, characteristics of laboratory buildings, etc.) to ensure the fire safety of the laboratory. ).
Design of Laboratory Drainage System
Selection of water supply system: according to the requirements of scientific research, production, life and fire protection for water quality, water temperature, water pressure and water quantity, combined with outdoor water supply system and other factors, it is determined after comparison from technical and economic indicators. Water quota, water pressure, water quality, water temperature and water conditions shall be determined according to the process requirements. Water pipes are laid under the floor by civil engineering through embedded pipes and led to the designated position of CCTV; For the side platform, the water pipe is buried in the wall by the civil contractor and led to the designated position. The rest of the work is completed by the laboratory construction unit.
Pure water system: the water quality meets the requirements of secondary water specified in GB/T6682- 1992 "Specifications and Test Methods for Water Use in Analytical Laboratories". Pure water system, resistivity ≥ 5mΩ cm. Water quality requirements for ultra-pure water: resistivity ≥18.2mω cm, 25℃. In addition, the pipeline transportation of pure water should also meet the requirements of relevant standards.
Design of gas cylinder room in laboratory
The gases used in the laboratory are dangerous and complicated. According to different laboratories, special consideration should be given to gas layout, classification, fire fighting and power distribution.
Design of air supply and exhaust in laboratory
The operation of many equipment in the laboratory needs various gas supplies, and at the same time, it also produces waste gas. How to solve the problem of air supply and exhaust safely and conveniently is also one of the problems that have been puzzling the laboratory staff. The traditional way of gas supply in the laboratory is to put the gas cylinder next to the instruments and equipment, and the gas cylinder of dangerous gas is placed in the gas cylinder cabinet. Exhaust gas is discharged directly to the laboratory or through a simple pipe to the window. In the development of the laboratory, with the increase of laboratory instruments and equipment, the laboratory is often densely covered with various pipes and gas cylinders. This treatment not only causes great security risks, but also is unsightly.
The correct solution of laboratory air supply and exhaust is to regard laboratory air supply and exhaust as a system. The system should consider the safety, convenience, daily management of the laboratory, replacement of gas cylinders and other issues, at the same time, it should focus on the future development of the laboratory, and also consider the special technical scheme of special gases.
Design of automatic control system in laboratory
The main purpose of VAV control system is to accurately control the ventilation and air conditioning system in the laboratory, and to ensure that the temperature, humidity, air exchange times and toxic gas emission of the laboratory meet the design standards under the premise of the most energy saving.
For laboratories with special requirements, such as biosafety laboratories, constant temperature and humidity laboratories, it is also necessary to use automatic control systems to strictly control the pressure gradient changes between laboratories.
Design of laboratory exhaust system
The air supply and exhaust system in the laboratory is one of the largest and most influential systems in the whole laboratory design and construction process. Whether the air supply and exhaust system is perfect or not has an important influence on the laboratory environment, the health of laboratory personnel and the operation and maintenance of experimental equipment.
Problems such as excessive negative pressure in the laboratory, air leakage in the fume hood and noise in the laboratory have always been difficult problems for laboratory staff. These problems have caused physical and psychological harm to people who have worked in the laboratory for a long time, even to management and logistics personnel who work around the laboratory.
The laboratory with perfect water supply and drainage system is a harmonious, safe and healthy workplace. Laboratory pressure, noise, indoor air exchange times, air distribution, toxic gas residue in fume hood, etc. Are all issues worthy of attention.
Laboratory instrument pendulum
The layout design of laboratory instruments is one of the key and difficult points in laboratory design. The placement of experimental instruments seems simple, but there are many factors to consider. Whether the experimental instruments can run safely, be properly protected, minimize the influence of the environment on them, have influence on each other, and whether the experimenters can use them conveniently, etc. , are all problems that should be paid attention to when considering the placement of laboratory instruments. The reasonable arrangement of experimental instruments not only requires designers to have a full understanding of the instrument itself, the special requirements of the environment, water supply, gas supply, power supply and waste liquid and gas discharge, but also requires designers to have considerable knowledge of architectural engineering design and construction management.