I. Calendar
1, definition:
A calendar is a daily publication used to record dates and other related information. One day's information on each page is called a calendar, one month's information is called a monthly calendar, and one year's information is called an annual calendar. There are many forms, such as calendars, desk calendars, calendar cards and now electronic calendars.
The first calendar in China was about 4000 years ago. According to a page of Oracle bone calendar in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, it is proved that the calendar of Yin Dynasty has reached a considerable level. This page of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the oldest almanac of all mankind, and this page of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is also called the calendar.
2. The origin of calendar:
(1), the real calendar, about one thousand one hundred years ago in Tang Shunzong Yong Zhenyuan, the imperial calendar has been used in the palace. The first day is a page, recording the state, court events and the words and deeds of the emperor. The imperial calendar is divided into twelve volumes, each volume has the same number of pages as the number of days per month, and each page indicates the number of days and dates. Nowadays, popular calendars, whether paper publications, mobile phone applications or electronic desk calendars, usually include solar calendars, lunar calendars and dry calendars.
(2), month, day, cadres, festivals and other contents are written on it in advance, with notes at the lower edge, similar to the "desk calendar". At that time, the eunuch who served the emperor wrote down the words and deeds of the emperor in the blank space of the calendar. At the end of the month, after being verified by the emperor, it was sent to the historian for the record. This was called calendars at that time, and these calendars were later used as the basis for historians to write national history.
(3) The calendar begins in beginning of spring and ends in the old year. 12 month is divided by 24 solar terms (i.e. silver moon, Uzuki, Chen Yue, etc. ), and every month contains two solar terms, and there is no leap month. The dry calendar is related to the periodic movement of the earth around the sun, which can reflect the climate change throughout the year. Since ancient times, the Ganzhi calendar has been widely known by China officials and the people, and it has been applied to astronomy, geomantic omen, numerology, choice and traditional Chinese medicine, and recorded in official almanac (i.e. the Yellow Calendar).
Take Qing Dynasty official history book Qing Shi Lu as an example. The official editing years in the book are divided into beginning of spring: for example, Zhonghua Book Company photocopied Book 17 of Qing Shi Lu, Book 9 of Qianlong Shi Lu, with 573 pages, beginning of spring, 20071February 22 (Geng Xu), and Record is recorded as "Geng Xu." Spring has begun, and it is still very young. See also the ninety-fifth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions in Qing Dynasty: "beginning of spring was on December 18th in Jiayin year, and Yuan Chun's day was on December 19th in silver moon year." This paper clearly points out the transition point of the dry calendar in the year and month.
3. Calendar classification:
Calendars in the calendar are divided into lunar calendar, solar calendar and yin-yang calendar. The solar calendar is also called the solar calendar, and its calendar year is the tropic of Capricorn. At present, the Gregorian calendar, which is widely used in the world, and the dry calendar in China belong to this kind of solar calendar. The lunar calendar is also called the lunar calendar, or lunar calendar. Its calendar month is a new moon, and the Gregorian calendar year is 12 new moon, with 30 days for the big moon and 29 days for the small moon. The Islamic calendar is one of the lunar calendars.
There are obvious differences between flat years and leap years in the lunar calendar, and the number of years varies greatly. Calendar month is the first month of the lunar calendar. Because there is a certain difference between 12 the first lunar month and the tropic year (about 1 1 day), leap months are set in the lunar calendar to coordinate the relationship between the tropic year and the first lunar month, and there are leap months in thirteen months of the year. Generally, there are seven leap years every 19. It is different from a normal year with twelve moons in a year. Therefore, this calendar conforms to both the moon and the periodic movement of the earth around the sun.
4. Function:
(1), digital desk calendar:
At present, with the rapid development of science and technology, digital products are becoming more and more popular, and it is no longer rare to have a personalized digital calendar. A few days ago, netizen "Sawadika" showed a reporter a digital desk calendar made by a friend for her.
② Health calendar:
"When I get older, my memory is not as good as before. There is a space under the date on the calendar, so I wrote something on it." From the beginning, it was recorded which day to buy rice and gas, which gradually became weight and blood pressure. For the elderly with hypertension, you can write down some life notes on the calendar.
③ Remember the history:
On the occasion of the 65th anniversary of the World Anti-Fascist War and the victory of China people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a volunteer group has carefully produced an anti-Japanese war calendar. Volunteers hope that through this calendar, people will remember history and help those veterans who are still alive.