At present, middle-aged and elderly people should understand the causes and symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is suggested to master the etiology, prevent the onset and have a physical examination in time or regularly. Once the disease occurs, it should be treated in time. The main cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia is the pathological basis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the most important thing to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is to reduce blood lipid and prevent atherosclerosis, thus reducing the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and prolonging human life.
How to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Understand your own cardiovascular risk factors, implement self-care and be responsible for your own health; Maintain a good mentality, actively adapt to social development and changes, have a sunny heart and an open mind, actively participate in daily life and work, participate in fitness exercises, and maintain good blood circulation to slow down muscle atrophy, prevent obesity, and enhance heart function. Take the heart rate as an example. If it is 70 times/minute, it can be reduced to 60 times/minute after exercise. On the surface, it may be no different from before, but it has reduced 10 beats. However, within a year, it reduced 5.5 million heartbeats. Fitness exercise is good for heart health, and the most beneficial exercise is walking. Local physical exercise (such as dumbbells and tension springs) is not good for the heart.
Secondly, get rid of bad habits and unhealthy habits, keep the rules and ways of healthy life, and have personal cultural interests.
The key to prevention is to stick to a low-fat diet and change the high-fat eating habits. According to a survey of the eating habits of 3.3 million residents in a big city, in the past 20 years, the proportion of cereals, potatoes and beans has dropped from two-thirds to one-third; However, meat and oily food increased by nearly 10 times, and the average daily intake of edible oil per person was 83 grams, far exceeding the normal level of 25-35 grams. If you want to have a healthy body, you should increase the fiber diet, which can reduce the serum cholesterol concentration. Foods rich in dietary fiber mainly include miscellaneous grains, rice bran, wheat bran, dried beans, kelp, vegetables and fruits. 35-45 grams of fiber per day. Common foods with lipid-lowering function include onion, garlic, mushrooms, fungus, celery and so on. Eat more fish and fish oil. Fish oil has obvious effects of regulating blood lipid and preventing arteriosclerosis. A large intake of fish oil rich in omega-3 has a positive preventive effect on cardiovascular diseases. International nutrition organizations suggest that people should consume 2,500 kilocalories per day, and correspondingly 0.6- 1 g of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA. Take the middle-aged and old-aged fish oil of red ginseng as an example, and take at least 3-5 fish oil capsules with 700mg and 30% content every day to ensure the basic needs of the human body; Eat more soy products, which are rich in many kinds of phospholipids necessary for human body. Eating more bean products such as bean curd, bean sprouts, dried bean curd and soybean oil is beneficial to human health and can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Ensure the diversification of diet and maintain the acid-base balance in the body. Normal blood is weakly alkaline, with a pH of 7.35 ~ 7.45, which can keep blood vessels soft. If there are too many acidic foods and too few alkaline foods in the diet, it will destroy the acid-base balance in the body. The acidity, alkalinity and taste of food are completely different. After food is digested and decomposed in the body, foods containing more sodium, potassium and calcium are called alkaline foods, such as beans, milk, egg whites, fruits, vegetables, kelp and tea. Acidic food, such as flour, rice, meat, sugar, poultry, fish and shrimp, etc. You can supplement calcium by drinking milk every day. The calcium contained in milk is most suitable for absorption and utilization. Generally speaking, a light diet is good for the heart and blood vessels.
Thirdly, doing physical examination every year and getting health guidance are also conducive to the early detection of patients. Middle-aged people over 45 years old, obese people, people with a family history of hyperlipidemia, people who often participate in eating, drinking and entertainment, and workers with high mental stress are all high-risk targets. Blood lipids and blood pressure should be checked regularly (at least once a year).
Finally, you should get the right vaccine. For the infirm and the elderly, pneumonia vaccine and influenza vaccines, as well as cold vaccines and SARS vaccines being developed at home and abroad, should be inoculated to enhance immunity, prevent multiple infections, protect the heart and blood vessels, and reduce the harm of cardiovascular diseases. Take drugs that interfere with lipid metabolism as little as possible, such as beta blockers, propranolol, diuretics, hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, steroid hormones, etc. , can raise blood lipids. Actively treat diseases that affect blood lipid metabolism, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, alcoholism, pancreatitis, lupus erythematosus and so on. , will interfere with blood lipid metabolism.
Four points for attention in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
How to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases? According to our clinical experience, we should start with the following points.
First, actively control the risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and check them regularly. Take regular physical examinations and control your illness as soon as possible. If hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia are found, blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid should be actively controlled. Only by starting from the source can we reduce the probability of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia complicated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Smoking is the main risk factor affecting the health of middle-aged and elderly people. The longer you smoke, the higher the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the higher the mortality of cardiovascular diseases. It is reported that the mortality rate of smokers and non-smokers of the same age has increased by 4-6 times.
Second, a reasonable diet, mainly vegetarian. Some people think that gastrointestinal diseases and infectious diseases are diseases from the mouth, while cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are not diseases from the mouth. We don't think this is right. We believe that cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are also oral diseases, that is, excessive intake of high fat and cholesterol is one of the important reasons for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Excessive fat intake will deposit on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular walls, forming atherosclerotic plaques, which will gradually lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, a reasonable diet based on vegetarian diet is one of the necessary conditions to maintain the physical and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people.
Third, adhere to moderate physical exercise. Walking, jogging, swimming and other physical exercises suitable for middle-aged and elderly people are indispensable conditions to prevent aging. Physical exercise is very important for persistence. You can't fish for three days and dry the net for two days. You must keep exercising every day, rain or shine, in order to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Because physical exercise accelerates the metabolism and blood flow in the body, it can prevent the thrombosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and achieve the purpose of prevention.
Fourth, handle the contradictions in life and work with a healthy attitude. Because of impatience, rapid heart rate and high blood pressure, it is easy to be complicated with cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction.
Prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in autumn and winter
With the arrival of autumn and winter, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have entered the peak period, and patients with such diseases should pay more attention to self-care and prevention.
With the change of people's diet structure and living habits, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hyperviscosity, hyperlipidemia, high cholesterol, coronary heart disease and cerebral thrombosis have become the "number one killer" of people's health in China, and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has become the top priority to protect people's health.
At present, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become the primary cause of human death. Every year,160,000 people worldwide die of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, accounting for more than 50% of the total mortality. According to statistics, the total number of people who die of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China is 2.6 million every year, and 300 people die of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases every hour. And the incidence is increasing year by year, and the age is younger.
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the basis of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerosis, as its name implies, is a hard lump attached to the inner wall of an artery that looks like thick porridge. These lumps can block blood vessels and lead to poor blood flow. Atherosclerosis is caused by blood pollution, and the increase of blood viscosity leads to the increase of blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), which makes a large number of lipids deposited in blood vessels. These substances are deposited on the wall of blood vessels, which narrows the lumen of blood vessels and thickens the wall of blood vessels, eventually forming atherosclerotic plaques.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are characterized by high prevalence, high disability and high mortality. If active preventive and therapeutic measures are not taken, the life expectancy of patients will be reduced by 20 to 30 years. The key to avoid high cholesterol, high blood viscosity and high triglyceride and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases lies in changing unhealthy lifestyle and unreasonable dietary structure. Hong Zhaoguang, a famous expert on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China, summed it up as four cornerstones of health: reasonable diet, proper exercise, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, and psychological balance.
In winter, the temperature drops gradually, and human metabolism is slow. Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are stimulated by cold air, and their blood vessels suddenly contract, which easily leads to blood vessel blockage, blood supply interruption and blood circulation obstruction, making it difficult to discharge toxic substances in blood vessels, thus inducing the attack and recurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. For patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, this is an "eventful autumn". At this time, it is even more necessary to actively prevent it. Especially from 1 1 to March of the following year, it is the peak month of sudden death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Because of sudden quenching, blood pressure will suddenly rise, so that the originally hardened and fragile arterioles will be "detonated" because they can't withstand strong internal pressure, leading to cerebral hemorrhage; Due to the sudden cold, the blood is too viscous to adjust itself, and the blood flow in the rough arterioles slows down, which is easy to form small thrombus, leading to cerebral vascular blockage or myocardial infarction. Therefore, prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in winter should pay attention to the following aspects:
1, prevent embolism. Blood vessels, especially coronary arteries, tend to contract and spasm in cold winter, leading to insufficient blood supply and possible embolism, so we should pay great attention to keep warm.
Patients should not do morning exercises. Because during sleep, the nervous system of the human body is in a state of inhibition, lacking vitality, suddenly exercising when getting up in the morning, and the nerve excitability suddenly increases, which is easy to induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Pay attention to this problem in winter.
3, tonic should be moderate. Our people have the habit of tonic in winter, and exercise less in winter. In addition, a large number of tonic hot foods and medicinal liquor can easily lead to elevated blood lipids and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, winter tonic must be carried out according to personal physique.
4. Mental balance. Emotional excitement is a taboo for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia should especially relax their mentality and not let their emotions fluctuate too much.
5. Exercise properly. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients are not unable to exercise, but should exercise properly. The reduction of exercise will also cause slow blood flow and high blood lipid. It is necessary to arrange exercise time reasonably and control the amount of exercise. In winter, you should wait until the sun rises before exercising. At this time, the temperature rises, which can prevent the body from suddenly getting sick due to cold stimulation.