People are embryonic animals, so pregnancy is an important natural process of human reproduction. The fetus grows by absorbing maternal nutrition through umbilical cord, so the physical condition of the mother will directly affect the fetus; People are also the product of emotions, which greatly affect people's health (as shown below). 20 19 A study shows that "the mental health problems of different groups in China are on the rise", which clearly points out that more than half of pregnant women have mental health problems during delivery, which obviously affects delivery and maternal and child health. Therefore, the mother's emotional change during pregnancy is a problem worthy of attention, which directly affects the mother's own health and the normal development of the fetus.
1. Influence of mood swings during pregnancy on parturient.
(1) uneven hormone secretion:
Pregnant women are generally in an abnormal state, and often have negative emotions such as impatience and depression. Studies have shown that this situation is often related to the secretion of hormones in pregnant women. Common hormones include estrogen, thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone.
Estrogen is not only the key hormone in the development of female reproductive system, but also many organs in human body are its target organs, such as nervous system, cardiovascular system, bone and urinary system. During pregnancy, the secretion of estrogen in pregnant women increases, which stimulates the nervous system, so it is incomprehensible that pregnant women will have emotional fluctuations. Thyrotropin, a hormone secreted by adenohypophysis, is promoted by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) secreted by hypothalamus on the one hand and inhibited by thyroid hormone feedback on the other. During pregnancy, the decrease of thyroid secretion in pregnant women leads to abnormal thyroid function, thus increasing the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone, which will affect thyroid function again. As for growth hormone, everyone is familiar with it. It plays a key role in human growth and development. Growth hormone is a recombinant human growth hormone with DNA, which can promote the growth of bones, viscera and whole body, promote the synthesis of protein, and affect the metabolism of fat and minerals. Pregnant women are nourished during pregnancy, so growth hormone can promote the normal operation of the mother to some extent. If the secretion is too small, it will also affect the development of the fetus.
(2) Pregnancy complications and their occurrence or aggravation:
20 15 related personnel investigated the incidence of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. The general situation questionnaire, self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale were distributed to pregnant women, and the results were analyzed. Results Among 328 pregnant women, depression 163 cases, the incidence rate was 49.70%, and anxiety 16 cases, the incidence rate was 4.87%. And this does not include pregnant women with mental illness. Complications and complications of pregnancy will also aggravate the incidence of anxiety and depression during pregnancy.
Common pregnancy complications and complications include mental illness, diabetes and hypertension.
The harm of mental illness to pregnant women lies not only in the emotional impact it brings to pregnant women, but also in the complications that often occur during pregnancy, such as hypertensive heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, placental abruption, coagulation dysfunction, HELLP syndrome and so on. Long-term hyperglycemia in pregnant women with diabetes will lead to chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels and nerves. The difficulty of diabetes treatment lies in a series of complications rather than controlling blood sugar. As for the harm of hypertension, not to mention, online search is everywhere, which is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Whether for ordinary people or pregnant women, when blood pressure is stable, it looks like a sleeping lion that is harmless to people and animals. Once the attack is instantaneous and intense, people often have no time to react and have been hurt.
In addition to the above three common complications and complications, studies have shown that the anxiety and depression scores of pregnant women with hepatitis B virus are also significantly higher than the domestic norm; The incidence of psychological problems of pregnant women with umbilical cord around neck and similar complications will also increase accordingly. Therefore, during pregnancy, whether it is complicated with other diseases or pregnancy complications, it will increase the psychological burden of pregnant women and increase the incidence of psychological problems of pregnant women.
(3) Others:
In addition to a series of physiological problems, pregnant women will have obvious emotional fluctuations during pregnancy, and a series of social problems such as interpersonal communication, family getting along and stereotyped prejudice will also affect their emotions.
Like some areas bound by old ideas, pregnant women who give birth to daughters will be excluded and looked down upon. Physiologically speaking, the role of women is greater than that of men, but the prejudice similar to son preference greatly devalues the real status of women. In addition, there are a series of external factors, such as education level, economic conditions, age and so on. It will also increase the burden of women's delivery, lead to emotional instability of pregnant women, and even seriously affect maternal fertility and postpartum rest, causing obvious psychological shadow.
2. The influence of mother's mood fluctuation during pregnancy on offspring.
(1) Fetal growth and development are affected.
Even if the mood of healthy pregnant women continues to be depressed, it will directly affect the contraction of fetal cerebral vessels and reduce the blood supply of brain tissue, thus affecting the development of brain cells. In addition, it will also affect the physical condition of the fetus. The offspring of pregnant women with excessive psychological pressure often show signs of being skinny, indifferent and even lonely. Studies have shown that the heavier the psychological problems of pregnant women during pregnancy, there will be a negative correlation between fetal weight. Pregnant women who are sick themselves have a greater adverse effect on the fetus.
Patients with mental illness, no matter the delivery situation or delivery mode, will be affected by the disease-directly affecting the survival rate of infants. Like mental patients, pregnancy will be terminated before 37 weeks of pregnancy, and the incidence of placental abruption and intrauterine distress is significantly higher than that of those who terminate pregnancy after 37 weeks of pregnancy. Even some pregnant women will give birth before 34 weeks of pregnancy because of a mental attack. At this time, labor is prone to a series of problems such as uterine inertia and uncoordinated contractions, which lead to placental abruption, abnormal labor process, fetal distress and postpartum hemorrhage.
Hyperglycemia can also cause adverse factors to the fetus. Elevated blood sugar can easily cause teratogenesis and abortion to the fetus, and in the middle stage, it can lead to polyhydramnios and giant fetus. This is caused by high blood sugar in pregnant women, and neonatal hypoglycemia is prone to occur during delivery. Because the maternal blood sugar is high, it reaches the fetus through the placenta, and the islet function of the fetus is developed compared with that of normal children, so there is no stimulation of hyperglycemia after birth, and excessive insulin secretion is easy to lead to hypoglycemia in newborns. For pregnant women, hyperglycemia can be combined with infection, leading to diabetic ketoacidosis. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy can only be regulated by insulin, not oral hypoglycemic drugs, because these drugs can affect the fetus through the placenta. If it is 1 type diabetes, it is feasible to use insulin infusion, but patients with type 2 diabetes often cannot achieve good therapeutic effect. For example, hypertension will adversely affect the development of fetal kidney, heart and other important organs. Unstable blood pressure may lead to excessive secretion of bile acid, which is a toxic hormone. The fetus of hypertensive patients is likely to fall into an environment with less amniotic fluid but high bile acid, and even lead to fetal death.
(2) Increase the risk of premature delivery
When the mother is not enough as a safe shelter for the fetus, we should consider the possibility of early delivery.
From the above information, we know that maternal-fetal stress and mental stress of pregnant women will lead to premature delivery. In fact, premature delivery mostly happens to mothers who have diseases themselves. According to national regulations, a live-born baby born at a gestational age of 27 weeks but less than 37 weeks is called premature or immature. Such children are weak after birth and often need more detailed auxiliary care. Severe cases even need drug support and ventilator oxygen supply.
Because of premature delivery, such children often face greater risks than normal children in the process of growth and development. The organs of premature infants may not be fully developed, especially the respiratory system. Due to insufficient oxygen supply, babies are prone to septicemia or meningitis. At this time, the baby's fetal heart is also very unstable. Premature fetuses have poor immunity and are prone to systemic infection. Premature babies need to be in an incubator as soon as they are born, which will be more safe. At 36 weeks, the baby is prone to cerebral palsy and cerebral hemorrhage. Until after birth, the doctor will check the fetus to make sure that there is nothing that parents need to cooperate with the doctor to take care of the baby.
Therefore, the mood fluctuation of pregnant women will have a great impact on the fetus. Not only in the fetal period, but also the further growth of the baby after delivery will be potentially affected.
3. How to avoid excessive emotional fluctuations of pregnant women?
(1) More exercise.
Regular exercise can promote fat burning, lower blood pressure and blood lipid, and reduce the risk of hypertension. Although pregnant women should protect the fetus from harm, they should also exercise. More exercise can not enhance the resistance of pregnant women, but also reduce the chance of getting blood clots. The blood of pregnant women is hypercoagulable. If you don't exercise for a long time, pregnant women are prone to thrombotic diseases. In addition, more exercise can vent inner depression and relieve anxiety.
Exercise makes people relax, which has scientific basis. When you exercise, focus on this matter, and your thinking is not easily affected by negative emotions. At the same time, proper aerobic exercise will provide oxygen to the brain, thus relieving nervous nerves. Exercise can also promote the secretion of dopamine, which is an excitatory neurotransmitter and easy to make people feel happy.
(2) timely communication
People are social animals, and many emotions come from socialization, which will also dissipate. What is communication?
The emotional instability of pregnant women is often due to misunderstanding or untimely communication. Communication is not only a unilateral emotional vent, but more importantly, a carding process. Nothing is more exciting than solving one thing, and communication only plays a role in solving problems. When the problem is solved, the mood will be relieved.
(3) Focus on doing your own thing.
Sometimes focusing on one thing can often avoid "complications"-here refers to unnecessary negative emotions.
Focusing on one thing can not only improve work efficiency, but also optimize personality and be healthier physically and mentally. When a pregnant woman can concentrate on doing her own thing, she has little time to think, and all her emotions are focused on what she cares about, not what will make her angry.
In short, avoiding excessive emotional fluctuations is based on the basic protection of yourself and your children.