To prevent and treat viral hepatitis, we should implement the policy of putting prevention first, strengthen leadership, publicize deeply, mobilize the masses, do a good job in patriotic health campaign and take comprehensive prevention and control measures. For hepatitis A and E, the fecal-oral route is mainly cut off; Hepatitis B and hepatitis D are mainly vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine; Hepatitis C mainly focuses on controlling the route of transmission outside the intestine (such as menstrual blood). Strive for early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation, early reporting, early treatment and early treatment of epidemic spots, prevent epidemic situations and improve curative effect. It is necessary to protect the susceptible population and reduce the incidence.
Prevention of viral hepatitis
First, manage the source of infection.
(a) medical personnel at all levels should report and register in accordance with the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases and the National Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases. Viral hepatitis cases should be reported as infectious diseases, and acute viral hepatitis should be reported and counted as pathogens. Cases of chronic viral hepatitis are only registered once, and those whose recurrence spans two years within one year are no longer registered.
(two) acute hepatitis A isolation disinfection isolation period for 3 weeks from the date of onset. The isolation period of hepatitis B can be indefinite. If hospitalization is needed, it is not appropriate to take HBsAg negative or liver function completely back to normal as the discharge standard. As long as the condition is stable, you can leave the hospital. HBsAg carriers in convalescence should be followed up regularly. Hepatitis C and D are treated the same as hepatitis B. The isolation period of hepatitis E is temporarily the same as that of hepatitis A. Various types of viral hepatitis can be treated in isolation in hospitals or at home. After the patient is isolated, terminal disinfection should be carried out in his living and activity places (family, dormitory, child care institutions, etc.) as soon as possible. Grassroots health and epidemic prevention institutions should carry out case epidemiological investigation on hepatitis cases.
(three) the management of hepatitis patients related industry personnel and nurses should conduct a health examination every year, found that hepatitis cases should be immediately isolated treatment. Patients with acute hepatitis have no obvious clinical symptoms and signs within half a year after recovery, and their liver function continues to be normal, and the signs of hepatitis virus infection are negative, so they can return to their original jobs. Patients with chronic hepatitis should be transferred from direct contact with imported food and conservation work. Suspected hepatitis cases should temporarily stop their original work before they are diagnosed. The newly-added personnel within the above-mentioned scope should undergo health examination before taking part in the work, and those with abnormal liver function and/or positive hepatitis virus infection are not allowed to take up their posts.
(IV) Management of children with hepatitis in nurseries and kindergartens After discovering patients with acute viral hepatitis, nurseries and kindergartens shall conduct medical observation on the contacts in addition to isolation treatment. The scope of medical observation is determined according to the investigation, generally according to the category of patients. No nursery formalities will be handled during the observation period. The observation period of hepatitis A and E is 45 days, and hepatitis B, C and D is tentatively set at 60 days. Hepatitis patients who meet the discharge criteria need to continue to observe 1 month, and can return to the hospital (park) with the hospital discharge certificate.
(V) Management of Blood Donors Blood donors should have a physical examination before each blood donation to detect alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBsAg and anti -HCV. Anyone with abnormal ALT and/or positive HBsAg and anti -HCV may not donate blood.
(VI) Management of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers: HBsAg carriers refer to those who are HBsAg positive, but have no symptoms and signs of hepatitis, and their liver function tests are normal and have not changed for half a year. Such carriers should not be regarded as patients with hepatitis at present. In addition to not donating blood and engaging in direct contact with imported food and conservation work, you can work and study as usual, but follow-up should be strengthened. HBsAg carriers should pay attention to personal hygiene, menstrual hygiene and industrial hygiene, and toothbrushes and toiletries should be separated from healthy people.
(seven) the management of anti -HCV positive people is the same as that of hepatitis B surface antigen carriers.
Second, cut off the route of transmission.
(a) to improve personal hygiene, the use of blackboard newspapers, tabloids, movies, television, radio and other publicity tools to carry out health education. All enterprises and units should create conditions to provide tap water for washing hands and dishes, and form the good habit of washing hands before and after meals.
(2) Strengthen the management of diet, drinking water and environmental sanitation. Catering industry (including self-employed households) and collective canteens should conscientiously implement the "People's Republic of China (PRC) Food Hygiene Law (Trial)", especially tableware disinfection. Dining rooms and restaurants should be divided into meals or public chopsticks. It is necessary to strengthen the sanitary supervision of raw aquatic products, strengthen the sanitary protection of producing waters, and prevent fecal and domestic sewage pollution. It is necessary to master the epidemic situation of viral hepatitis and water pollution in the place of origin, as well as the health problems in the process of transportation and sales. Once pollution is found, corresponding measures should be taken immediately. When shellfish aquatic products are supplied in large quantities in a short time, samples should be kept for future reference. It is necessary to strengthen water source protection and prevent drinking water from being polluted by feces. Well water, tank water and dam water in hepatitis A and E epidemic areas must be disinfected with bleaching powder, and the residual chlorine should be kept above 0.3 mg/L. Primary and secondary schools should supply boiled water, and students should bring their own cups. It is necessary to do a good job in environmental sanitation and harmless treatment of feces. The feces and sewage of medical units must be disinfected before they can be discharged into the sewer, and the waste should be burned in time.
(III) Strengthening the Hygiene Management of Nursery Institutions Nursery institutions should establish a feasible hygiene system, strictly implement the disinfection system of tableware and toilets, implement the system of one towel and one cup for each child, and conscientiously implement morning or afternoon inspections. Nursery should pay attention to the disinfection of diapers. Toys used in each class should be strictly separated. When hepatitis patients are found, they should be isolated immediately and reported to the relevant epidemic prevention departments in time, and their classes should be disinfected and medically observed.