First, the theoretical background of building a new socialist countryside
Second, look at the construction of new socialist countryside from a new perspective.
Three. Suggestions on evaluation criteria of new socialist countryside
Four, the overall requirements of building a new socialist countryside
[Edit this paragraph] First, the theoretical background of building a new socialist countryside
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee made an important decision to speed up the construction of a new socialist countryside, and put forward a new rural construction strategy with the contents of "production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village capacity and democratic management". Building a new socialist countryside is an important historical task in the process of China's modernization. It is the basic way to coordinate urban and rural development, promote agriculture through industry, and lead the countryside through cities. It is the fundamental way to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and expand rural market demand. It is also a major strategic measure to solve the "three rural issues" and build a well-off society in an all-round way.
To speed up the construction of new socialist countryside, we must implement Scientific Outlook on Development, make clear the task, make scientific planning, implement it step by step, vigorously promote it, and lead the construction of new socialist countryside with scientific planning.
In recent years, the construction of new countryside has become one of the hot spots of applied writing in the national civil service examination, and it is also one of the key issues in applied writing research.
[Edit this paragraph] Second, look at the construction of a new socialist countryside from a new perspective.
Building a new socialist countryside is an important decision of the central government on the issue of agriculture, countryside and farmers, which ranks first among the top ten general plans of China's scientific planning in the next five years, covering all aspects of economic, political, cultural and social construction. We must examine the new background, new connotation and new characteristics of building a new socialist countryside with a brand-new perspective and systematic thinking.
(A) the new background of building a new socialist countryside
Building a new socialist countryside is not a new concept. It has been used many times since 1950s. However, under the new historical background, the construction of a new socialist countryside proposed by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee has far-reaching significance and more comprehensive requirements. The construction of new countryside is a brand-new subject after China enters a new development stage of promoting agriculture through industry and bringing rural areas through cities. This is an inevitable requirement for the development of the times and the construction of a harmonious society. At present, the key and difficult point of building a well-off society in an all-round way in China lies in rural areas, where agriculture is abundant and the foundation is strong, farmers are rich and the country is prosperous, rural areas are stable and society is safe; Without a well-off society in rural areas, there will be no overall well-off; Without the modernization of agriculture, there will be no modernization of the country. After industrialization has developed to a certain extent, many countries in the world have adopted the development strategy that industry feeds back agriculture and cities support rural areas. At present, the leading industry of China's national economy has changed from agriculture to non-agricultural industries, and the driving force of economic growth mainly comes from non-agricultural industries. According to international experience, China has entered a new stage of industry feeding agriculture. Therefore, it is timely for China to implement the major strategic measures of building a new countryside.
(B) the new connotation of building a new socialist countryside
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward the 20-word policy of "development of production, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management" to build a new countryside, and described a beautiful blueprint for the new countryside. This 20-character policy is not only the long-term goal of building a new countryside in China, but also the only way to build a new countryside. All aspects are interrelated and mutually causal, mainly including the rich connotations of developing new industries, building new villages and towns, building new facilities, cultivating new farmers and establishing new fashions. To develop new industries is to lay a solid material foundation, do everything possible to increase farmers' income and promote farmers' sustained income increase, which is the focus of building a well-off society in rural areas. The construction of new villages and towns is to improve the living environment in rural areas and make the development of rural areas be rationally planned. The purpose of building new facilities is to improve rural production and living infrastructure, including clean and safe drinking water, road traffic, electricity, information network and agricultural infrastructure construction. To cultivate new farmers, it is necessary to strengthen basic education and vocational training, promote the popularization of science and technology in rural areas and the construction of medical and health systems, and create new farmers who are "literate, know technology, know how to operate, and are law-abiding and civilized". To establish a new fashion is to strengthen and improve the construction of democracy and legal system in rural areas, create a harmonious development environment and advocate a new fashion. We must fully understand and grasp the connotation of "new" in the new socialist countryside and do a good job in writing "new" articles.
(C) the new features of building a new socialist countryside
In the new historical development stage, building a new socialist countryside has five distinct characteristics. The first is the characteristics of the times. The concept of new countryside is an innovation under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, people-oriented and building a harmonious society, and it is the most distinctive symbol of new countryside. The second is comprehensive characteristics. The new countryside is not limited to a certain production field or a certain link, but the organic combination and comprehensive and coordinated development of material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization. The third is linkage characteristics. The significance and work arrangement of new rural construction is a systematic project to be considered by coordinating urban and rural areas, rather than focusing on rural areas and agriculture. The fourth is the gradual feature. The construction of new countryside can never be accomplished overnight, and the situation and conditions in different places are different. The construction of new countryside must be scientifically planned, and sustainable implementation should be promoted to ensure the continuity and sustainability of the construction of new socialist countryside. The fifth is dynamic characteristics. The construction of new countryside is ambitious and rich in content. With the development of the times, it will be constantly endowed with new connotations and new contents, and constantly broaden new ideas and new horizons in practice.
[Edit this paragraph] III. Suggestions on evaluation criteria of new socialist countryside
The evaluation criteria of new socialist countryside are mainly evaluated from three aspects, namely, new farmers, developed agriculture and harmonious countryside.
In the new socialist countryside, there must be new farmers first.
The characteristics of new farmers are: First, high-quality farmers with knowledge, technology and management. The second is farmers whose ideas are constantly updated. Third, the degree of farmers' organization has been continuously improved. It is necessary to encourage and guide farmers to accelerate the development of various professional cooperative economic organizations and constantly improve the degree of organization of farmers. Fourth, well-off farmers. We must do everything possible to increase farmers' income, continuously narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, and let farmers live a well-off life. Fifth, farmers who are fully employed. On the issue of employment, farmers get the same "national treatment" as citizens, gradually establish an equal employment system between urban and rural areas, and realize the integration of urban and rural labor markets.
Secondly, there must be developed agriculture.
The first is to build modern agriculture. The construction of modern agriculture is to realize the mechanization of agricultural production means, the scientization of agricultural production technology and the specialization and socialization of agricultural production division. The second is to develop sustainable agriculture. On the basis of overall planning and coordinating the relationship between man and nature, we will realize a virtuous circle of the environment and ecological balance, and ensure that the needs of contemporary human beings and their descendants for agricultural products are continuously met through technological and institutional changes. The third is to operate industrial comprehensive agriculture. Through the integrated management of planting, breeding, production, supply and marketing, trade, industry and agriculture, all links in the process of agricultural reproduction are connected into a complete industrial system, forming an efficient comprehensive agricultural production and management system.
Finally, there must be a harmonious countryside.
The symbol of a harmonious countryside is economic prosperity. The rural economy grows rapidly and steadily on the basis of production development, and the agricultural and rural economic structures are constantly optimized and upgraded through strategic adjustment. The second is to manage democracy politically, promote the construction of villagers' self-government according to law, implement and improve the mechanisms of democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, gradually improve the system of making village affairs public, discuss civil affairs, earn money from the people, reason, and brainstorm to do a good job in rural construction. Third, the rural society is harmonious and stable, farmers live and work in peace and contentment, improve the rural medical and health service system, establish the rural minimum living security system, and further improve the rural social assistance system; Continue to strengthen rural cultural construction. Farmers' spiritual and cultural needs have been met in many ways and at many levels. In short, through the vigorous development of rural social undertakings, the living conditions of farmers and the overall appearance of rural areas have been significantly improved, and the social environment is stable and harmonious. Fourth, the rural customs are civilized, forming a healthy and progressive new social trend. Through the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas and striving for a civilized family, farmers generally advocate science, resist superstition, change customs, get rid of bad habits, have a scientific and healthy lifestyle and have a civilized and progressive rural society. Fifth, the village is clean and tidy. There should be new changes in the rural landscape. The new countryside is no longer littering, flying mosquitoes and flies, cross-flow of sewage, chaotic construction of cottages and poor facilities. Instead, we should do a good job in rural construction planning and human settlement environment management, strengthen rural infrastructure construction, realize rural road hardening, environmental sanitation, family beautification and complete facilities, and create a clean, beautiful and comfortable human settlement environment.
[Edit this paragraph] 4. General requirements for building a new socialist countryside
"Development of production, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village capacity and democratic management" is not only the requirement of the central government for the construction of new countryside, but also the overall goal of the construction of new countryside. These 20 words are extremely rich in content, involving rural politics, economy, culture, social management and other aspects.
1. "Production development"-the material basis of new countryside
The primary task of building a new countryside is to develop production. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, agriculture should increase the popularization and application of science and technology and realize the transformation of growth mode. In the process of adjusting the rural economic structure, on the one hand, we should coordinate the proportion of grain and other crops to ensure food security in China; On the other hand, coordinate the relationship between agriculture and non-agricultural industries.
Under the condition of market economy, farmers from one household are in a weak position in market competition because of scattered production and life and invalid information. Specialized cooperative economic organizations have great advantages in leading farmers to become rich. Encourage the development of various new economic organizations and improve the degree of organization of farmers.
To achieve the goal of production development, we must activate the most active factor in productivity-labor force. In the process of building a new countryside, we should take the cultivation of new farmers as a fundamental measure, and provide a strong talent guarantee for increasing production and income and changing the rural appearance by improving farmers' scientific and technological cultural quality and their ability to get rich. The first thing is to speed up the implementation of free compulsory education; Secondly, cultivate farmers and migrant workers in new industries, vigorously implement the "Sunshine Project" with rural practical technology and vocational skills training for migrant workers as the main content, and hold relevant technical training in a targeted manner.
Non-agricultural industries provide space for the development of rural economy and are also included in the requirements of "production development". Developing agricultural products processing industry and lengthening industrial chain can increase farmers' income in the process of value-added processing. In areas where non-agricultural industries are underdeveloped, the process of rural industrialization should be further accelerated.
Absorbing rural labor force in urban development is also one of the channels of "production development". In order to promote the orderly transfer of rural surplus labor force, it is necessary to clean up some existing policies and measures and dredge the channels for farmers to enter the city.
2. "Well-off life"-the core goal of new rural construction
To achieve the goal of a well-off society, we must first increase farmers' income by opening up various channels to increase income. From a macro point of view, increasing farmers' income can stimulate the huge consumption potential of the vast rural areas, make farmers' demand become effective demand, and thus enhance the driving force of consumption to the national economy.
Building infrastructure directly related to improving farmers' lives is one of the conditions for farmers to live comfortably. Statistics show that at present, half of the administrative villages in China have no running water, and more than 60% of farmers have no access to sanitary toilets. The improvement of infrastructure conditions such as water, electricity, roads, information and communication needs to give full play to the enthusiasm of all parties and guide social forces to participate.
At present, the coverage ratio of urban and rural social security is as high as 22∶ 1. Rural residents who account for nearly 60% of the country's total population only enjoy about 20% of medical and health resources, and about 90% of farmers are insecure self-funded medical groups. It can be seen from these figures that rural public utilities are backward. In the process of building a new countryside, the government should help farmers to establish a rural social security system including cooperative medical care and rural old-age security through public financial subsidies.
At present, the total amount of rural commodity market is insufficient, the distribution is not reasonable, and there are many fake and shoddy products, which brings a lot of inconvenience to farmers' lives. Experts pointed out that establishing and perfecting rural market system and forming rural consumption management network under modern circulation mode are indispensable aspects in the construction of new countryside.
3. "Civilization of rural customs"-improving the overall quality of farmers
Rural customs civilization is essentially a problem of spiritual civilization construction in rural areas, including culture, customs, legal system, social security and many other aspects.
In recent years, although the rural economy in some areas has developed rapidly, the cultural life is monotonous and some unhealthy cultures have risen. Rural cultural construction does not adapt to the coordinated development of economy and society, nor to the spiritual and cultural needs of farmers. The main problems are backward cultural infrastructure, insufficient utilization of existing resources, unsatisfactory cultural system and inadequate mechanism. Therefore, how to make the broad masses of farmers live a colorful spiritual and cultural life is an important task in the construction of new countryside.
Changing customs is one of the manifestations of rural civilization. On the one hand, with the development of economy, the phenomenon of urban indifference has appeared in rural areas; On the other hand, traditional bad habits are still prevalent in some rural areas. In some places, tombs were built for comparison, and even luxurious killing games appeared. These are incompatible with the requirements of "rural civilization" in the new countryside and need to be changed urgently.
4. "Clean and tidy village"-improving the living conditions of farmers
In the construction of new countryside, the most important requirement is to provide better production, living and ecological conditions for the countryside.
For a long time, the living environment in most rural areas is not satisfactory. "Open toilets, muddy streets, wells, chicken and duck houses" are vivid descriptions of farmers' living environment. Rural housing and street construction lack planning, wasting a lot of land; Poor traffic conditions bring a lot of inconvenience to farmers' production and life; Due to the lack of hardware facilities and farmers' bad living habits, garbage pollution is serious. In addition, with the development of non-agricultural industries in some rural areas, the problem of industrial pollution is outstanding and needs to be changed urgently. Therefore, in the process of building new villages and towns, we should pay special attention to two points: first, respect the wishes of farmers, with the support of the state and social forces, do what we can according to the local economic development level, and avoid engaging in image projects and performance projects; Second, we should make a long-term plan according to local cultural traditions, and we should not make a one-size-fits-all plan in the planning process.
5. "Management democracy"-improve the system of villagers' autonomy.
At present, the system of villagers' autonomy is practiced in rural areas of China. From a national perspective, the specific situation varies greatly from place to place, but the basic system has been established. Perfecting rural grass-roots democratic autonomy system is the key to realize rural management democracy.
In 2006, China completely abolished the agricultural tax. In the post-agricultural tax era, transforming the functions of township governments is one of the requirements of "management democracy". Township governments should create conditions for local economic development, shoulder the responsibility of social management and provide public services for villages. At the same time, township governments should correctly guide villagers' autonomy. In addition, rural grassroots party organizations should closely focus on serving the masses and give full play to the role of serving the masses and rallying people's hearts.
Under the condition of market economy, the energy consumed by cadres is often not rewarded, which seriously affects the enthusiasm of grassroots cadres to drive farmers to get rich. Therefore, the organic combination of grass-roots democratic construction and market economy is a major issue in the construction of new countryside.
Five, grasp the overall requirements of the new rural construction, get out of the four misunderstandings in accordance with the overall requirements of "production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management".
1. Misunderstanding of the idea of tearing down the old and building a new one. The construction of new socialist countryside cannot be simply understood as village construction. It is one-sided to understand the construction of a new socialist countryside as building houses, new villages, roads and storefronts. Building a new socialist countryside is a systematic project, involving all fields and many aspects of rural areas. Planning new rural construction must be based on economic and social development.
2. The misunderstanding of attracting investment for quick success. The main body of building a new socialist countryside is farmers, not foreign businessmen or entrepreneurs. We should adhere to the principle of democratic decision-making by grass-roots organizations and farmers' voluntary participation, and safeguard farmers' democratic rights. We can't attract investment or organize small groups to tear down old houses and build new ones for profit, and we can't engage in the practice of making enterprises rich, cadres earning money and the masses paying the bill.
3. There is no money for the misunderstanding of slow construction. The lack of financial resources makes the construction of new countryside difficult, and the pressure on village cadres increases. Have the idea of "wait and see" and "take your time" To build a new countryside, we should "break the ice", adjust measures to local conditions, grasp planning first, make it easy first and then difficult, do what we can and make steady progress. At present, we should focus on solving the outstanding problems in the development of agriculture and rural economy, and do a good job in implementing the hot issues that farmers urgently need and want to solve.
4. Misunderstanding of being eager to engage in sports. Building a new countryside should conform to the law of economic development, respect the wishes of farmers and constantly meet the needs of farmers' material and cultural life. In this sense, building a new countryside is advancing with the times, and there is no specific standard. Therefore, we should avoid engaging in unrealistic demolition and construction, and engage in sports in a rush. Under the guidance of the overall urban planning, villages should do a good job in village construction planning, focus on transforming old villages in suitable places, focus on building new villages in suitable places, and start with "dirty, chaotic and poor" places that need environmental remediation. According to local conditions, do what you can, and steadily promote the construction of new countryside.