What dimensions does mental health include? Is there a sign of mental health? These problems have been discussed by experts at home and abroad. The general view is that mental health has only relative signs, no absolute boundaries, only quantitative changes, not qualitative changes. From mental unhealthy to mental healthy, there is a continuous spectral band, which some people call the gray band between the black and white ends. It is difficult to draw an absolute boundary somewhere. In practice, without the sign of mental health, it is impossible to judge people's mental health, let alone prevent and treat mental health. Therefore, people have been tirelessly exploring these signs for many years. American psychologist a? Maslow and others put forward ten signs of mental health: 1. Have a full sense of security; 2. Fully understand yourself and be able to make an appropriate estimate of your ability; 3. Life goals and ideals are realistic; 4. Keep in touch with the real environment; 5. Can maintain the integrity and harmony of personality; 6. Ability to learn from experience; 7. Can maintain good interpersonal relationships; 8. Moderate emotional venting and control; 9. Give full play to individuality without violating the collective will; 10. Under the premise of not violating social ethics, the basic needs of individuals can be properly met. Although these signs are widely recognized, they are limited by the social and cultural background, and are not completely suitable for the actual situation of China people, so they can only be used as reference. China scholars also put forward many signs of mental health. Some people say that the principle of judging mental health is to see whether one's psychology and environment are unified, whether psychology and behavior are coordinated, and whether one's personality is stable. In other words, people with mental health have certain adaptability, can bear certain setbacks, have the ability of self-control and adjustment, have a clear level of consciousness, and have good social communication, so they are happy. To sum up, it includes the following eight aspects: (1) Normal intelligence is the basic psychological condition for people to live, study and work. Intelligence generally refers to the synthesis of people's observation, memory, imagination, thinking and operation ability. The intelligence of the population is normally distributed, that is, there are few talented and mentally retarded people, and most of them are in the middle. Mental health people have normal intelligence, and their IQ is mostly between 85~ 1 15. They can adapt to life and get a balance with their surroundings. People with mental retardation have poor social adaptability, often unable to adapt to collective life and study, have great psychological pressure, and their health is difficult to maintain, so they need special education and nursing. (2) Emotional stability Emotional stability refers to the fact that people's central nervous system activities are in a relatively balanced state, and happy emotions reflect the harmony and satisfaction of people's physical and mental activities. People with mental health can coordinate and control their emotions, maintain a good mood, and the optimistic, cheerful and satisfied emotional state is dominant; Emotional abnormality is often a harbinger of mental illness. (3) A sound will is a psychological process of consciously determining the purpose, and controlling and standardizing one's actions and overcoming difficulties according to the purpose. A sound will is manifested in the consciousness, decisiveness and tenacity of will action. Mentally healthy people have a clear purpose in their activities, can make decisions in time and consciously implement them, and can also keep long-term focused actions to achieve the set goals. People with imperfect will have poor tolerance for setbacks, fear of difficulties, disobedience, half-heartedness, lack of concentration and lack of self-control. (4) Behavioral coordination refers to the unity and coordination of people's thoughts and behaviors, and the level of behavioral response and the degree of stimulation are coordinated with each other. People with mental health behave in an orderly way, do things step by step, and their behavior response matches the degree and nature of stimulation. Unhealthy people, however, have inconsistent behaviors, confused thinking, fragmented language, no head and no tail, and reverse behavior; Be fickle, get angry at a trifle, or react to strong confusion. (5) Good personality is a unique psychological characteristic of people and has relative stability. Personality is the most essential expression of a person's personality, and a good personality embodies the integrity and unity of personality. People with mental health are more stable, cheerful, enthusiastic, generous, brave, modest, honest and helpful. People with unhealthy psychology have changeable and bad personalities, which are characterized by timidity, indifference, meanness, isolation, hostility, inferiority and lack of self-esteem. (VI) Correct self-awareness Correct self-awareness mainly means that self-evaluation conforms to reality, has a certain degree of self-esteem and self-confidence, can correctly know oneself, accept oneself, respect oneself, love oneself, seek independence and have full confidence in oneself. (seven) harmonious interpersonal harmony refers to being able to get along well with others and have a harmonious relationship. Interpersonal relationship represents people's psychological adaptation level. Mentally healthy people are willing to associate with others, good at cooperating with others, understanding and respecting others, generous and friendly, and easy to be understood and accepted by others. Mentally unhealthy people can't cooperate with others, be indifferent to others, lack sympathy, haggle over every ounce, be suspicious, be jealous, shrink back, can't be in a group, and don't get along with others. Poor interpersonal communication is often the main cause of mental illness. (8) Psychological characteristics are consistent with age. People of different ages have different psychological characteristics. Children's premature psychology and adult's childish behavior are often regarded as the manifestations of psychological unhealthy. There are many internal and external factors affecting mental health, such as health factors, physiological, psychological and social factors. Understanding these influencing factors is of great significance for preventing and promoting mental health. Here, a mental health formula put forward by Professor Ke Yonghe, a psychologist in Taiwan Province Province, is introduced to illustrate these factors: B=P/E B Symptom incidence, P sum of internal and external pressures, E self-strength. People's mental health is related to internal and external pressure and self-intensity. According to the above formula, mental health is directly proportional to self-strength and inversely proportional to internal and external pressure. (1) external pressure external pressure refers to the existence of bad stressors in the external environment, which forms a kind of pressure and affects people's psychology. It includes physical, psychological and social stressors. Physiological stressors include inappropriate stimuli such as temperature, humidity, light, space and noise in the living environment. Long-term effects will lead to unbearable physiology and affect mood and behavior. Investigation shows that long-term high-intensity noise stimulation will lead to disorder of excitation and inhibition process of cerebral cortex, abnormal conditioned reflex, impairment of cerebrovascular function and autonomic nerve function, and symptoms such as headache, tinnitus, palpitation, insomnia, drowsiness, fatigue and mental decline. In the environment with small living space, people's aggressive behavior increases and their anxiety level is high; If the indoor temperature is too high, it will make people have a headache, nausea, excessive sweating, impaired vision, inattention, irritability and unresponsiveness. Among the psychological stressors, poor interpersonal communication is the most important. The disharmony of interpersonal relationship leads to psychological imbalance. When they are snubbed and laughed at by others, their psychological pressure will increase. If the other person is eccentric, grumpy and changeable, the intensity of stressors will increase. Among the social stressors, bad or excessive changes in social and cultural background will form great pressure, making it difficult for people to adapt to the social environment and produce bad emotional experience. There are many social stressors, such as family changes, death of relatives, divorce and reorganization of parents, changes in economic conditions, housing migration, institutional changes and so on. (2) Internal pressure Internal pressure means that people's physical and mental needs are not met, resulting in frustration and internal pressure that affects emotions and behaviors. People's physical and mental needs include many aspects. In terms of physiological needs, they need a certain period of sleep and rest, reasonable nutrition, proper exercise and beautiful clothes. In terms of psychological needs, we need a certain sense of security and protection, love, self-esteem, fair and reasonable evaluation and acceptance by others, independence, solving life problems by ourselves, success, achieving certain goals through our own efforts and becoming a successful person. If these physical and mental needs are not met for a long time, the motivation of behavior will not be realized, which will lead to a strong sense of frustration, increased internal pressure and a series of psychological problems. (3) Self-intensity Self-intensity refers to the ability of individuals to cope with internal and external pressures, which is related to people's physical and mental qualities. Due to different genetic and environmental conditions, people's physical and mental qualities vary greatly among individuals. For example, healthy people can correctly perceive and judge external stimuli and make appropriate responses; However, the patient is weak, depressed, and his perception and judgment are reduced, so he is not adapted to the environment. Personality temperament characteristics have obvious influence on self-intensity. For example, some people are flexible, quick and decisive, sensitive to the stimulation of the surrounding environment and quick to respond; Others are slow-moving, unresponsive, taciturn, or have low attention span and persistence, strong reaction, hands and feet constantly, easy to get distracted and difficult to adapt to the environment. In addition, personality, ability, hobbies, values and so on all have an impact on self-strength.
Hope to adopt