Influence of building materials and decorative items on health
Building materials can be roughly divided into basic building materials and decorative materials. Basic building materials mainly refer to the basic materials and load-bearing materials of buildings, and decorative materials mainly refer to the materials used on the surface of basic building materials, which play the role of protection, protection and beautification. Decorative items mainly refer to all kinds of furniture items. Most of the raw materials used in the above articles are waste residue or recycled materials and modern chemical products, and various additives are added in the process of processing and generation, many of which are volatile and some are radioactive, which pose a great threat to human health.
Radon and its daughters
Radon is an inert radioactive gas, which easily diffuses at body temperature and enters human tissues. Radon is produced by the decay of uranium and radium. Uranium and uranium are both solids and widely exist in the earth's crust. After decaying into radon, they become gaseous, and radon can continue to decay until it becomes lead. Every decay has α, β and γ radiation. The source of indoor radon is mainly radium contained in soil and building materials. The harm of radon and its fonts to human body is mainly lung cancer, and the incubation period is about 15-40 years. Modern epidemiological data show that radon is the second largest cause of lung cancer after smoking, and lung cancer caused by radon accounts for 10% of the total incidence of lung cancer. In addition to the emission of pollution sources, indoor air tightness, air exchange times, atmospheric pressure and indoor and outdoor temperature difference are all important factors affecting indoor radon content. It is found that the coating on the surface of building materials can play a certain protective role.
* Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a volatile organic compound, colorless, with strong irritating gas, and its aqueous solution is commonly known as formalin. Formaldehyde is one of the main indoor pollutants, mainly from building materials, decorations, daily necessities and other chemical products, such as adhesives, insulation materials, cosmetics, disinfectants, preservatives, ink, paper and so on. The effects of formaldehyde on health are mainly irritation to eyes and respiratory mucosa, allergic reaction, abnormal immune function, damage to liver, lung and central nervous system, and damage to intracellular genetic material. The indoor concentration change of formaldehyde is mainly related to the release amount and regularity of pollution sources, as well as the service life, indoor temperature, humidity and ventilation degree. Strengthening indoor ventilation can reduce the strengthening concentration.
* Volatile organic compounds
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a kind of important indoor pollutants, and more than 300 kinds have been clearly identified. Although their concentration is not high, their comprehensive effect can not be ignored. Besides aldehydes, volatile organic compounds are also common, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, trichloroethylene, chloroform and sodium chloride. , mainly from various solvents, adhesives and other chemical products. In addition, cyclic hydrocarbon compounds such as benzene can also come from the combustion of fuel and tobacco leaves. There are few studies on the effects of volatile organic compounds on health, mainly odor and irritation, which can cause the imbalance of immune level, affect the function of central nervous system, and appear symptoms such as dizziness, headache, drowsiness and fatigue. It can also affect the digestive system, such as loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, which will damage the liver and hematopoietic system.
* Bad building syndrome
Bad building syndrome, also known as sick building syndrome, refers to a series of symptoms caused by indoor pollution and low ventilation rate in some buildings, which are manifested as nonspecific symptoms such as smoke irritation, nose and throat discomfort, headache, fatigue, lethargy and asthma, and the symptoms will subside after leaving the building. At present, it is considered that this disease is the result of a combination of many factors, besides pollution and ventilation, it may also be due to the imbalance of comfort factors such as temperature, humidity, light and sound, as well as emotional and psychological reactions.
Influence of artificial air conditioning on health
With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of human living standards, air conditioning has entered the homes of ordinary people and become a necessary consumer product for families. Air-conditioning has created a comfortable living environment for people, which is the concentrated expression of human material civilization and spiritual civilization, but it has also brought a series of health problems, called "air-conditioning syndrome"
The way of indoor pollution caused by the use of air conditioning system is mainly caused by insufficient indoor fresh air supplement. Most air-conditioned rooms are relatively closed, and there is insufficient exchange with the outside air. If someone stays and moves for a long time, the indoor concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds will increase, and the air negative ion concentration will decrease, making the indoor air dirty. The pollution of fresh air collection port and the imbalance of air filter will also make outdoor pollutants enter the room. In addition, Legionella pneumophila may exist in the cooling water system of air conditioning, which is the source of Legionella aerosol and is called water-induced air microbial pollution.
The harm of artificial air conditioning system to human health is mainly caused by air syndrome. At first, people complained about the poor air quality, and then there were symptoms such as fatigue, headache, chest tightness, nausea and vomiting, difficulty breathing and drowsiness. Legionella bacteria contained in cooling water of air conditioner can cause legionnaires' disease, and its symptoms are similar to pneumonia, such as chills, high fever, dizziness, headache and dyspnea. In severe cases, liver function changes and renal failure may occur.
With the increasing application of air conditioning, the incidence of air-conditioning diseases is also increasing year by year, which has attracted worldwide attention. At present, new environmental protection air conditioners have come out one after another, which can improve the present situation to some extent. In addition, strengthening indoor ventilation and increasing the concentration of negative ions can reduce the incidence of air-conditioning diseases.