Tan Yan (5 16—588), whose common name is Wang Yong, was born in the first year of Xiping, Xiaoming, Northern Wei Dynasty, and died in the eighth year of Sui Huangkai. Sangquan in Zhou Pu is a native of Danzi Village, Linyi County, Yuncheng City. The late master, the Zhou family of the later Han Dynasty, is said to have his father Jingshan as the general manager of Hebei Road. He is an official in charge of the affairs of monks and nuns throughout the country. He was respected by Quan Xiangyu and Wen Tai in the Western Wei Dynasty, Wen Xuandi (Gao Yang) in the Northern Qi Dynasty and Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. As an emperor of three dynasties (one of whom was Wen's posthumous son), he was greatly favored.
Tan Yan liked reading when he was young, and his fame spread to the countryside. At the age of sixteen, I traveled to a temple, listened to Master Miao's Nirvana Sutra in Ninjuji, Zhou Pu, and explored its purpose. So, I left the secular world, converted to Buddhism, and then devoted myself to studying Buddhism. His handwriting is outstanding and outstanding. At the age of twenty, he began to preach classics and dharma. He is really knowledgeable, eloquent, magnificent and personable. He often said that the beauty of Buddhism is the extreme of nirvana, which is enough to make the mind wander.
Tan Yan is nine feet five inches long, with his hands hanging on his knees and his eyes shining. Manners are respectful and solemn, kind and broad; Look straight ahead, Gu will turn around, be dignified and generous, and people will preach their virtues. After receiving the anklet, the instrument is brand-new, with superb identification and attention. Although he studied a lot of Buddhist scriptures, he was still afraid that he didn't have a deep grasp of Buddhism, so he further heard about Huayan Sutra, Great Wisdom Theory, Ten Land Theory, Land Holding Theory, Buddha Nature Theory and Treasure Nature Theory. Lingxiu is better than Lan, and his research on Buddhism has surpassed his predecessors. One day, he looked at himself and said, "I have been in love with you for a long time. How can I repay you?" Now you can use the hidden form and think carefully. So he lived in seclusion in the Baidi Temple in the southern Taihang Mountains. South Taihang Mountain refers to Zhongtiao Mountain System, and the site of Baidi Temple is located in Zhongtiao Mountain, namely Dawang Town of Ruicheng County, Yangshan Town of Ruicheng County and Yinshan Town of yongji city. At that time, there was a Xue Jushi in the mountains who studied Confucianism and Taoism and dabbled in a wide range. It is said that Tan Yan is young, but he has long been enlightened and wise. I came to meet, talking and laughing, trying to be arrogant, but I didn't get the upper hand. The last title of Xue Jushi's play is four words: "The Movement of Fiona Fang", which makes Tan Yan suddenly realize. Tan Yan replied, "A square is like a city, and a circle is like a wise day. When you move, you know the waves, and when you are still, you are like a nirvana room. "Xue Jushi was greatly surprised and sighed:" I have never seen the origin. I hope the world is quite healthy, even though I am from Sri Lanka. "Later, I often come to visit, asking questions and asking for advice.
Tan Yan lived in seclusion in the mountains and devoted himself to studying Nirvana Book for fear of any interference. No matter day or night, he wakes up and sleeps, and often prays for Buddha's blessing. One night, I dreamed that someone was riding a white horse, dressed in white, and his ponytail was dragged to the ground to tell him the essence of Buddhist scriptures. Tan Yan took a horsehair and discussed it with him. When I woke up, I thought: Professor A?vagho?a must have taught me this. I knew its purpose by holding my mane, and my doubts were pointed out. So he said in his narrative: "It's incredible to be back in life like hiding." After the writing of Nirvana Yishu, Tan Yan was worried that Yishu was unreasonable, so he held the original Buddhist scriptures and Yishu and put them in front of the stupa in Ninjuji, Zhou Pu, burning incense and praying: "The sacred heart has been measured by the mortal world, and Nirvana has been released, and another volume is presented. If you have explored the deep meaning and reached the subtle principle, may the wise gods show it. If I don't feel the Buddha's name, I will never teach nirvana. " As soon as the voice fell, the Nirvana Sutra shone brightly and it was auspicious all night, and monks came to celebrate it in succession. The stupa also shines with divine light, reaching the milky way sky and shining mountains and rivers for three days and three nights. When people in Zhou Pu saw the halo, they all came to pay their respects. Its gas field is very similar to that of the magical mage Von Sari, indicating that the master and the apprentice are connected. Therefore, the emperor had a good time. He ordered Tan Yan to promote Nirvana Yi Shu. Blessed by the Buddha, Tan Yan has been engaged in promoting Nirvana for a long time. Tan Yan's Nirvana Yi Shu is the most detailed. At that time, the eminent monk Dade studied it and thought it could be comparable to that written by Hui Yuan. Hui Yuan's sentence is just right and difficult to add; Compared with the standard syllabus, Tan Yan is better than Hui Yuan on the whole.
Zhou Taizu and Yu Wentai always respected Buddhism and Taoism, especially Tan Yan. I often personally receive waiters, listen to the elegant Buddhist sounds of the Zen master, and attract officials and people from far and near to watch Tan Yan and run like a city. However, Tan Yan doesn't care about being in power. He is indifferent by nature and never interferes in current affairs and politics. Yu Wentai is too far away from Baidi Temple, so it is difficult to consult and ask. So, in the west of Zhongtiao Mountain, a temple named Yunju Temple was built for Tan Yan, which was supported by the state to facilitate the hearing. This Yunju Temple, later renamed Qiyan Temple, is located on Zhongtiao Mountain in Beizheng Village, Han Yang Town, yongji city. At that time, Yu Wentai ruled the Western Wei Dynasty and often lived in China (now hua county). Crossing the Yellow River is the Xiling of Zhongtiaoshan.
Gao Yang, Wen Xuandi of the Northern Qi Dynasty, also admired Buddhism, followed Tan Yan to learn Buddhism and gave him a monthly salary. He often called Tan Yan to the DPRK to seek the Dharma, respected him, worshipped Tan Yan as Zhao Xuan, and led the affairs of monks and nuns in Beiqi.
In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, there was an emissary named Zhou in the state of Chen. He was well-read and eloquent. He lobbied for the Three Kingdoms, and his narrative argument was unparalleled. In the second year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (560), he was ordered to go to the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Ming Emperor Yu Wenyu was surprised by this opportunity. He was ashamed of the difficulties in civil and military affairs. He ordered a nationwide search for people who can speak with glib tongues, no matter who became a monk, in a vulgar imitation or in a cave, as long as they could argue with Zheng Hong face to face without losing the national dignity and tolerance of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Pu secretariat Zhongshan Gong Yu Wenxun has always appreciated Tan Yan's demeanor. He recommended in the above table: "Master Tan Yan is knowledgeable, spirited and ambitious, and no one can answer his words and arguments before he was born." Ming Di then called all the talents, held a toast, personally attended the debate, and all court officials were present. First, two famous monks took turns to take the stage in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. At the end of the speech, they were stumped by Zheng Hong in an instant, which made them incoherent, and their arguments overlapped and unreasonable. Ming Di, it's not nice to chat with a group. Tan Yan sat in the last seat and couldn't stand it, so he stood up out of order. Ming Di asked, "it's not your turn yet. Why did you stand up? " Tan Yan replied, "If it is other scholars, you can let Dade face it. Now I am just a small minister in a remote village, enough to resist. " Tan Yan went straight to the stage, and Ming Di asked, "Why not worship Buddha first?" Tan Yan said that he was twice as powerful as the other side and didn't need the blessing of Buddha. Ming Di was very happy. Zheng Hong fictional plot, ask questions; Tan Yan quoted righteousness and opened the joints. Zheng Hong set up a machine to dispatch, and rushed forward and then protected; Tan Yan took advantage of the situation, such as folding hay, winning in one fell swoop. Zheng Hong was convinced that it was too late to ask a guru for help, so he said, "My disciple has traveled all over the Three Kingdoms to visit a guru who can learn Buddhism, and I don't want to meet him here today." I immediately asked Tan Yan to be my teacher and was appointed. I am always ready to provide advice and services. Back to Chen, I copied the abstract of Yi Shu, brought back the image of her manners to Chen Zuobodhisattva, and went to the north to worship every night. At the beginning, when he bid farewell to Tan Yankai, he conceived and wrote 40 poems about Fengyun Mountain and Sea in advance, which were poetic and unique as a farewell. Tan Yan never forgets anything, and writes poems from memory to repay Zheng Hong. The theme is the same as Zheng Hong's poems, the rhyme is the same as Zheng Hong's poems, and the artistic conception is broad. Hong was surprised and deeply felt that it was difficult to answer correctly again. He sincerely bowed down and said, "I hope the guru will say a word, which I will always keep in mind." Tan Yan said: "It's as hot as fire to set a guest as a guest without sitting, and the rules are wrapped in leather." Zheng Hong vowed: "Take this place as a place of eternal concern." Ming Di was endowed with wisdom because of Tan Yan, and became a monk. The five people followed suit, so he appointed Tan Yan as the national unification to supervise the affairs of monks and nuns throughout the country. Tan Yan contributed greatly to the development of Buddhism in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
When Emperor Yuwen Yong of the Northern Zhou Dynasty tried to ban Buddhism and Taoism, Tan Yan tried his best to persuade him, but the emperor refused to listen, and wrote a letter: "Ban Buddhism and Taoism, destroy the scriptures and Buddha statues, and make shaman Taoists become common people. It is also forbidden to swear, and those who are not in the ceremony will be eliminated. " Tan Yan immediately retreated to Taihang Mountain. After the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty called out of the mountain, he sent messengers to it many times, but his attitude was firm and he avoided the mountains and forests, making it impossible to levy. When the Emperor Wu died early due to illness, the static Emperor Yuwen Chan regretted the mistakes of the former Emperor Wu, and created statues of Buddha, Bodhisattva, King Ming, Heaven and Protector. , and sent 120 people with good ideas to Du Die as bodhisattvas and monks, and ordered him to keep his hair and work as a national road in Qinong Temple (Luoyang). Tan Yan was listed as one of the senior monk officials, but he was dissatisfied with the vulgar appearance of bodhisattvas and monks.
When Emperor Wendi started his business with Zen, he had not yet become a monk. When Tan Yan first heard that Sui Wen changed politics, he cut his hair again and took Zhang Xi to see Wang Ting. When he met Emperor Wen, he explained the truth of promoting Buddhism. Without waiting for Emperor Wen to comfort him, he respectfully asked, "It's really tiring for the emperor to feast all over the world." Deng Wendi said, "I have been thinking about world governance for a long time, but what I hate has not yet been realized." Tan Yan said: "I've heard of He Yi, the martial arts hero of Wen Zhi Chang Ming in Yao Shi before, but now I've really met such a prosperous time." Wendi was very happy to hear this evaluation, so he and Tan Yan discussed the mode of opening the law and popularizing the law, and discussed the root of faith education. Tan Yan believes that temples have not been widely spread, and Buddhism has just begun to revive. He invited 1250 monks and 500 boys. Becoming a monk refers to the decree granted by the imperial court. 1250 monks correspond to the number of the first disciples who converted to Sakyamuni Buddha, and 500 boys correspond to the number of 500 boys in the Fucheng where Manjusri Bodhisattva once lived. In response to the invitation, Emperor Wendi granted more than 1,000 imperial edicts, which was the beginning of Buddhism in the Sui Dynasty. In the second year of Emperor Kaidi of Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wendi appointed Tan Yan as Xuan Tong of Dazhao to manage the affairs of monks and nuns throughout the country. Since then, Tan Yan has invited more than 4,000 monks. Qielan Temple, which was destroyed in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was also invited to rebuild and repair. He also sent envoys to the Turks to welcome Samanado from Gandhara, Tianzhu, back to China, and presided over the translation of Buddhist scriptures. Buddhism flourished again, and Tan Yan not only had the merit of making suggestions, but also promoted development.
After Emperor Wendi moved the capital to Daxing City, he ordered the allocation of land in Guang 'enfang to build Zhong Yan Temple for Tan Yan. In the fourth year (584), he was ordered to change many temples into Yanxing Temple, facing the thoroughfare. The East and West Gates of Beijing are also named Yanxingmen and Yanpingmen after Tan Yan, which shows that their names are Shigong and Taoism is the emperor. Since ancient times, Tan Yan has rarely accepted such a long experience. In the past, the Buddha Shoe Gate in Zhongtian was also called Gotama Gate (Gotama is Sakyamuni); He also changed Tan Yanyuan's Yunju Temple to Qiyan Temple, and ordered Qi Shuti, a musician in charge of official court music, to create Buddhist songs in the mountains of China (Buddhist songs are the music sung before and after lectures), and the court provided food and clothing for the three treasures in the temple.
Tan Yan 'an lived in Yanxing Temple, made many friends and made great achievements in spreading Buddhism. Emperor Wen ordered the candles in the temple where Tan Yan lived to glow naturally without being lit. Tan Yan thought it was a miracle and performed it on Wendi, so Wendi changed the name of the temple to Guangming Temple. Tan Yan said: "The spread and education of Buddhism must be extensive, and we cannot fight alone." Please set up another Buddhist temple, and Emperor Wen agreed. Tan Yan is psychic, which makes you show auspicious examples among secular saints. Generally speaking, this is the case. In the fifth year of Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty, Master Tan Yan was promoted to the main hall of Daxing Palace and gave the Bodhisattva ring to Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty.
In the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (586), there was a great drought and famine in the ruling and opposition parties. Emperor Wen invited 300 monks to pray for rain in the main hall of the palace, but it didn't come true for several days. The emperor asked, "Why doesn't it rain?" Tan Yan said: "There are one or two reasons." So Wendi discussed with his ministers, but he didn't understand his meaning after all, so he ordered Jingzhao satrap Su Wei to ask Tan Yan why. A: "Your Majesty is the master of all things in the world, and ministers are all officials who assist and help. They all know how to govern the people, but they all violate moral education. So whether it rains or not depends on one or two things (that is, one monarch and two ministers). " Therefore, Emperor Wen went to the Ursa Mahayana Hall to pray for rain, and asked Tan Yan to preach in Daxing Hall in the south of the throne. Emperor Wen and the ministers who had served on the five products all sat on the floor and were ordained by the Eight Guanting Pavilion in the north (reciting the precepts of the Eight Guanting Pavilion sincerely means being ordained). After being ordained, at noon, there were clouds in the sky, and soon it was cloudy and rainy. People from far and near are deeply touched. Wendi was very satisfied with Tan Yan and gave him 300 silks. Tan Yan is broad-minded and modest, I am not backward, and I am idealistic in the three realms; The wealth obtained is distributed to all suffering beings who respect the Buddha. Therefore, there are many people looking for help everywhere. Once, the food in the temple was running out, and the temple owner reported, "Monks can support two meals with food." Want to demobilize ordinary people. Tan Yan said, "Wait until the food is finished." Early the next morning, Wendi sent rice and twenty cars, so that monks and ordinary people could live in peace. People who don't understand say that Tan Yan had foresight, so he didn't let the monks wait for supplies. Soon, Wendi gave another 500 meters of rice. At that time, the famine continued year after year, and the Buddhist life of the monks in the temple was normal.
Emperor Wen personally honored Tan Yan according to the master-apprentice ceremony, and ordered all his relatives and closest relatives to return to the Buddha to be ordained. As for Tan Yan's accommodation, Wendi Deng provided food and drinks, provided clothes, practiced discipleship etiquette, and showed great respect. At that time, Emperor Wen treated Tan Yan in this way. Later, he ordered Bai to become the first (equal) shaman of Pingdi. Those who committed crimes and fell into the net were pitied and shed tears, which made them willing to change their minds or hide in the mountains.
Master Tan Yan finally lived in a temple on August 13th, the eighth year of Emperor Yangdi Huang Kai (588), at the age of 70. On his deathbed, he left a message to Emperor Wen: "The poor monk was born when the French king came to earth, and he was deeply indebted to himself. Unfortunately, the past karma was too shallow, and life and death would have been violated long ago. I hope your majesty will always protect the three treasures. Monks who don't preach in the later period of the law don't conform to the jurisprudence, but they can choose people with good hearts and allow them to become monks, and naturally there will be corresponding blessings. " Emperor Wen was very sad after hearing this, and ordered his ministers to mourn and cry in the temple. And stop for three days, give 500 gifts, and set up a thousand monks' meeting (fasting meeting will support thousands of monks).
When Tan Yan was healthy, he told his master, "After I die, I will give my skin to animals, and the rest of my body will be burned with bones and ashes according to Buddhism. Don't keep broken bones, lest you tire the guards. " Disciples Saman, Tong Zhen, Hongyi, Tongyou, Juelang, Daoxun, Xuanwan, Changfa and other celebrities, as well as civil and military aides and Wang Teng, all escorted the coffin to the burial place as usual. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty ordered the establishment of 3,000 monasteries in Zhong Nanshan Incineration Site. After the fast, the body was burned. At that time, the sky was clear and cloudless, and it was drizzling, just like the scene when the Tathagata was cremated. Everyone is surprised, never.
Tan Yan often takes the pure land of western bliss as the positive view, and between words and deeds, she focuses on chanting Buddha and is firm. On his deathbed, the attendants found that he seemed to be lost in deep thought. As it happens, there is a man named Ren Jinbao next to the temple. His father and son turned to Sambo and saw the coffin lid in the air. Until the coffin, the coffin was led by two rows of canopies, from the south of Yanxing Temple to the west of Zhong Nanshan. This should be the combined force of ghosts and gods. I don't think so.
Because Tan Yan manages Buddhism, he has great power. But he always remained humble, supported his virtue, overcame delusion and managed the monks well. He has great knowledge and sacred behavior, and has become a teacher of seven schools. Seven people cried when they heard that the Zen master had passed away. Everyone wrote inscriptions praising its prosperity. At that time, Xue Daoheng, a folk historian (from Baoding, Wanrong County, Yuncheng City, in East Fenyin), paid tribute to him, saying, "Master Yan was young, abandoned the customs and returned to the truth, lived in seclusion, had great tolerance, was enlightened early in Buddhism, and had superb knowledge. The heart is so magical that you can look up without peeking; The source of wisdom and Haifa can be involved but unmeasurable. Just like that mirror, I can never get tired of looking at it; Like that Hong Zhong, it's worth it. In the past, Buddhism was lost and Buddhism was weak. I pinned my feelings on the secluded rock and could not shake it. Senior gifts can't reverse their intentions; Tough laws are not enough to shock his heart. It is dangerous to avoid danger after walking or sitting quietly; Discipline and discipline are consistent. The holy emperor is lucky, like the law. Delong monk, high-spirited, allowed to push the first. Bend the emperor's weight and extend the meaning of mentoring. The three treasures are protected by it, and the second truth is promoted by it. I believe it's enough to trace the city of Fotu, Kumarajiva, Daoan and Huiyuan in Mai Chao. Unexpectedly, the pillar of the law suddenly tilted, and Zhou Ren suddenly disappeared. Not only the four people were deeply saddened, but even the emperor was sad. Teachers and other staff and tin bottles are made by wind, concrete and small. Recalling the feelings of past contacts, I want to see an emotional time. The people of Sri Lanka have passed, and it hurts! "Master Tan Yan was respected by the sages.
After the death of Master Tan Yan, the villagers in his hometown changed the name of the village to Danzi Village (Tan Yanzi Danzi) to commemorate the monk, and repaired the cave where Tan Yan lectured with bricks and stones behind Qiyan Temple, which enshrined the statue of Tan Yan and named it "Tan Yanzu Shidong". Lu Shuting, a litterateur in Sui Dynasty, praised the honor and kindness received by Master Tan Yan before his death, and the inscription recorded his noble character. Cave 323 of Dunhuang Grottoes, excavated in the early Tang Dynasty, has a group painting entitled "Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty led Master Tan Yan into the DPRK" at the eastern end of the south wall. The first painting is located in the Upper West Side. The picture shows that in front of Lu Qing, a monk stands with his hands folded, and the opposite king and his entourage also stand with their hands folded, asking questions. Title of the list: "Master Yan told Wendi in front of the pagoda that Nirvana is easy to get along with the economy, and the stupa shines in three days." The second picture is below the previous one. The picture shows an emperor kowtowing to a monk and listening to him. The title of the list is: "Emperor Yangdi opened the emperor for six years, and the zero god should not. The emperor asked the mage: When will the emperor welcome the mage to the DPRK? " The third picture is located on the east side of the above picture. The picture shows a monk sitting in a sedan chair with a cup of coffee and eight people on his shoulders, galloping forward. List title day: "When Master Yan entered the DPRK". The fourth picture, located in the upper east corner, is a palace-style building (Daxing Hall). On the high couch, a monk sits on it. On the front steps of the main hall, an emperor with many servants faces the monk, kneeling on the ground with his arms together, making a prayer, and the list is broken. This is the situation of praying for rain in the main hall of Tan Yan Master Palace.
As the emperors of the Three Dynasties, Master Tan Yan practiced Buddhist education in the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Yang Sui Dynasty, which played an important role in the all-round development of Buddhist thought. The master wrote fifteen volumes of Nirvana Yi Shu, Reality and Victory, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. His disciples inherited his legacy and spread Buddhism.
Note: ① About the time and place of the debate between Zhou and Zhou.
Eighteen Biographies of Chen Shu: In the first year of Tianjia (560), Zhou moved to Chang 'an to wait on the clock and offer sacrifices to the emperor. Three years ago, I came back from Zhou and was awarded Dr. Lu Jin Ziguang, with a gold medal and a purple ribbon, and received some kind training.
Continuation of Eight Biographies of the Monk: Chen Gong's Ambassador to Zhou. Bocao classics are controversial. Lobbying the three countries to resist Syria. Middle-aged (572-578) entered the Qin Dynasty.
The thirty-eighth volume of the History of Buddhism was published in the Northern Qi Dynasty (Duye) (Gao Yang was in the reign of Zen in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (550-559): in the first year of Tianbao (550), monks were often called to talk about Nirvana Sutra and worship as a national teacher (the national teacher began here). Whenever the emperor summoned, Tan Yan, a nine-foot-six-inch-long mage, would ask. The special envoy of the meeting came to hire, and the minister was promoted to meet the teacher. Zheng Hong was angry with his talent. Seeing that he was carefree, he asked the teacher to draw pictures in return. The emperor's interests were aggravated, and Zhao Xuan's promotion was unified.
The records in the three books are different, and the time and place should be 560 years recorded in the official book Chen Shu. Jiande, middle-aged in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (572-578), in The Biography of the Continued Monk Tan Yan. At that time, Zhou (496-574) was over 76 years old and could not travel long distances as a special envoy. The first year of Zhou Tianbao's struggle in the 38th volume of Buddha Chronicle is not recorded in the official history. In fact, Zhou went to the Northern Zhou Dynasty to meet Chen Zhuan (Chen). Chen Chuan was captured by Jiangling in November of the third year of his reign (554) and moved to Guanyou (Kansai). He returned from the Northern Zhou Dynasty in 562.