Water quality classification; Classification of water quality grade standards in China
China's water quality is divided into five categories: I, II, III, IV, V and worse than V.
Class I water quality: good water quality. Groundwater only needs disinfection, and surface water can be supplied to domestic drinkers after simple purification (such as filtration) and disinfection.
Class II water quality: the water quality is slightly polluted. After conventional purification treatment (such as flocculation, precipitation, filtration, disinfection, etc. ), its water quality is drinkable.
Three types of water quality: suitable for centralized drinking water source secondary protection areas, general fish protection areas and swimming areas. Four types of water quality: suitable for general industrial protection zones and recreational waters where human body is not in direct contact.
Five types of water quality: suitable for agricultural water use areas and water areas with general landscape requirements, and water bodies exceeding the five types of water quality standards basically have no use function. Definition: According to the environmental function and protection goal of surface water, it is divided into five categories according to the functional level: I-V category.
Corresponding to the above five types of water functions of surface water, the target quasi-values of the basic items of surface water environmental quality standards are divided into five categories, and the standard values of the corresponding categories are implemented in different functional categories. The standard value of high moisture functional category is stricter than that of low moisture functional category.
If there are multiple functions in the same water area, the standard value corresponding to the highest function category shall be implemented. The standard of achieving water function and functional category is the same.
What is the standard of water quality classification?
People's Republic of China (PRC) and the State Environmental Protection Administration issued the Announcement of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on Issuing Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. In order to implement the Environmental Protection Law and the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, strengthen the management of surface water environment, prevent and control water pollution, and protect human health, the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water is now approved as the national environmental quality standard, which is jointly issued by our bureau and the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.
The name and serial number of the standard are as follows: Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) This standard is mandatory, published by China Environmental Science Press, and implemented as of June 1 2002. It is hereby announced.
On April 26, the State Environmental Protection Administration, 2002 Catalogue Preface 1 Scope 2 Cites Standard 3 Water Function and Standard Classification 4 Standard Value 5 Water Quality Evaluation 6 Water Quality Monitoring 7 Standard Implementation and Supervision Table 1 Surface water environmental quality standard basic project standard limit table 2 supplementary project standard limit table 3 specific project standard limit table 4 centralized domestic drinking water surface water source value table 5 supplementary project analysis method table 6 centralized drinking water surface water source specific project analysis method As mentioned above, this standard is formulated for implementing the Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Water Pollution Prevention Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), preventing and controlling water pollution, protecting surface water quality, ensuring human health and maintaining a good ecosystem. This standard divides the standard items into: basic items of surface water environmental quality standards, supplementary items of centralized drinking water surface sources and specific items of centralized drinking water surface sources.
The basic project of surface water environmental quality standard is applicable to functional surface water areas such as rivers, lakes, canals, channels and reservoirs all over the country; Centralized drinking water surface water source supplementary project and specific project are applicable to centralized drinking water surface water source primary and secondary protected areas. The specific project of centralized drinking water surface water source is selected by the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's government at or above the county level according to the characteristics of surface water quality and the needs of environmental management in this area. Supplementary projects of centralized drinking water surface water sources and selected specific projects are used as supplementary indicators of basic projects.
There are 109 items in this standard, including 24 basic items of surface water environmental quality standard, 5 supplementary items of centralized drinking water surface water source and 80 specific items of centralized drinking water surface water source. Compared with GHZB 1- 1999, this standard adds an index of total nitrogen to the basic item of environmental quality standard, deletes three basic requirements and three indexes of nitrite, nonionic ammonia and kjeldahl nitrogen, adjusts sulfate, chloride, nitrate, iron and manganese to the supplementary item of centralized drinking water surface source, and revises p H, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and manganese.
This standard deletes the standard values of specific projects of lakes and reservoirs. The competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's government at or above the county level and the relevant departments shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, supervise and manage all kinds of surface water areas according to this standard.
The surface water estuary waters connected with the coastal waters are managed according to the water environment function and the corresponding category standard values of this standard, and the waters near the seawater function area are managed according to the use function of the seawater quality standard and the corresponding category standard values. The designated single fishery waters are managed according to the "Fishery Water Quality Standards"; The water quality of treated urban sewage and industrial wastewater with similar water quality to urban sewage used for farmland irrigation is managed according to the water quality standard of farmland irrigation.
Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-83) was issued for the first time, revised for the first time 1988, revised for the second time 1999, and revised for the third time. This standard has been implemented since June, 2002 1 day, and the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-88) and the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GHZB 1- 1999) were abolished at the same time.
This standard is put forward and centralized by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the State Environmental Protection Administration. This standard was revised by china environmental science Research Institute.
This standard was approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration on April 26th, 2002. This standard is interpreted by the State Environmental Protection Administration.
Surface water environmental quality standard 1 scope 1. 1 This standard specifies the items and limits that should be controlled for water environmental quality, as well as the implementation and supervision of water quality evaluation and analysis methods and standards for water quality projects. 1.2 this standard is applicable to rivers, lakes, canals, channels, reservoirs and other surface waters in People's Republic of China (PRC).
For waters with specific functions, the corresponding professional water quality standards shall be implemented. 2. The provisions contained in the standard Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water quoted in this standard (Ministry of Health, 200 1) and the analytical methods, standards and specifications listed in Table 4- 6 of this standard constitute the provisions of this standard and have the same effect as this standard.
When the above standards and specifications are revised, the latest version shall be used. According to the environmental function and protection goal of surface water, the water function and classification standard are divided into five categories according to the functional grade: Class I is mainly suitable for source water and national nature reserves; Class II is mainly applicable to the first-class protected areas of centralized drinking water surface water sources, habitats of rare aquatic organisms, spawning grounds for fish and shrimp, and feeding grounds for larvae and juveniles. Class III is mainly suitable for centralized drinking water surface water sources, fish and shrimp wintering grounds, migration routes, aquaculture areas and other fishery waters and secondary protected areas in swimming areas; Class Ⅳ is mainly applicable to general industrial waters and recreational waters that the human body does not directly contact; Class V is mainly applicable to agricultural water use areas and waters with general landscape requirements.
Corresponding to the five kinds of water functions of surface water, the standard values of basic items in Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water are divided into five categories, and the standard values of corresponding categories are implemented in different functional categories. The standard value of high moisture functional category is stricter than that of low moisture functional category.
If there are multiple functions in the same water area, the standard value corresponding to the highest function category shall be implemented. The standard of achieving water function and functional category is the same.
4 The standard value is 4. 1. See table 1 for the standard limits of basic items of surface water environmental quality standards. 4.2 episodes.
What is the standard of water quality classification?
People's Republic of China (PRC) and the State Environmental Protection Administration issued the Announcement of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on Issuing Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. In order to implement the Environmental Protection Law and the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, strengthen the management of surface water environment, prevent and control water pollution, and protect human health, the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water is now approved as the national environmental quality standard, which is jointly issued by our bureau and the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.
The name and serial number of the standard are as follows: Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) This standard is mandatory, published by China Environmental Science Press, and implemented as of June 1 2002. It is hereby announced.
On April 26, the State Environmental Protection Administration, 2002 Catalogue Preface 1 Scope 2 Cites Standard 3 Water Function and Standard Classification 4 Standard Value 5 Water Quality Evaluation 6 Water Quality Monitoring 7 Standard Implementation and Supervision Table 1 Surface water environmental quality standard basic project standard limit table 2 centralized drinking water surface water source supplementary project standard limit table 3 centralized drinking water surface water source specific table 4 surface water environmental quality standard basic project analysis method table 5 supplementary project analysis method table 6 centralized drinking water surface water source specific project analysis method As mentioned above, this standard is formulated for implementing People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law and People's Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law, preventing and controlling water pollution, protecting surface water quality, safeguarding human health and maintaining a good ecosystem. This standard divides the standard items into: basic items of surface water environmental quality standards, supplementary items of centralized drinking water surface sources and specific items of centralized drinking water surface sources.
The basic project of surface water environmental quality standard is applicable to functional surface water areas such as rivers, lakes, canals, channels and reservoirs all over the country; Centralized drinking water surface water source supplementary project and specific project are applicable to centralized drinking water surface water source primary and secondary protected areas. The specific project of centralized drinking water surface water source is selected by the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's government at or above the county level according to the characteristics of surface water quality and the needs of environmental management in this area. Supplementary projects of centralized drinking water surface water sources and selected specific projects are used as supplementary indicators of basic projects.
There are 109 items in this standard, including 24 basic items of surface water environmental quality standard, 5 supplementary items of centralized drinking water surface water source and 80 specific items of centralized drinking water surface water source. Compared with GHZB 1- 1999, this standard adds an index of total nitrogen to the basic item of environmental quality standard, deletes three basic requirements and three indexes of nitrite, nonionic ammonia and kjeldahl nitrogen, adjusts sulfate, chloride, nitrate, iron and manganese to the supplementary item of centralized drinking water surface source, and revises p H, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and manganese.
This standard deletes the standard values of specific projects of lakes and reservoirs. The competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's government at or above the county level and the relevant departments shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, supervise and manage all kinds of surface water areas according to this standard.
The surface water estuary waters connected with the coastal waters are managed according to the water environment function and the corresponding category standard values of this standard, and the waters near the seawater function area are managed according to the use function of seawater quality standards and the corresponding category standard values. The designated single fishery waters are managed according to the "Fishery Water Quality Standards"; The water quality of treated urban sewage and industrial wastewater with similar water quality to urban sewage used for farmland irrigation is managed according to the water quality standard of farmland irrigation.
Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-83) was issued for the first time, revised for the first time 1988, revised for the second time 1999, and revised for the third time. This standard has been implemented since June, 2002 1 day, and the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-88) and the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GHZB 1- 1999) were abolished at the same time.
This standard is put forward and centralized by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the State Environmental Protection Administration. This standard was revised by china environmental science Research Institute.
This standard was approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration on April 26th, 2002. This standard is interpreted by the State Environmental Protection Administration.
Surface water environmental quality standard 1 scope 1. 1 This standard specifies the items and limits that should be controlled for water environmental quality, as well as the implementation and supervision of water quality evaluation and analysis methods and standards for water quality projects. 1.2 this standard is applicable to rivers, lakes, canals, channels, reservoirs and other surface waters in People's Republic of China (PRC).
For waters with specific functions, the corresponding professional water quality standards shall be implemented. 2. The provisions contained in the standard Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water quoted in this standard (Ministry of Health, 200 1) and the analytical methods, standards and specifications listed in Table 4- 6 of this standard constitute the provisions of this standard and have the same effect as this standard.
When the above standards and specifications are revised, the latest version shall be used. According to the environmental function and protection goal of surface water, the water function and classification standard are divided into five categories according to the functional grade: Class I is mainly suitable for source water and national nature reserves; Class II is mainly applicable to the first-class protected areas of centralized drinking water surface water sources, habitats of rare aquatic organisms, spawning grounds for fish and shrimp, and feeding grounds for larvae and juveniles. Class III is mainly suitable for centralized drinking water surface water sources, fish and shrimp wintering grounds, migration routes, aquaculture areas and other fishery waters and secondary protected areas in swimming areas; Class Ⅳ is mainly applicable to general industrial waters and recreational waters that the human body does not directly contact; Class V is mainly applicable to agricultural water use areas and waters with general landscape requirements.
Corresponding to the five kinds of water functions of surface water, the standard values of basic items in Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water are divided into five categories, and the standard values of corresponding categories are implemented in different functional categories. The standard value of high moisture functional category is stricter than that of low moisture functional category.
If there are multiple functions in the same water area, the standard value corresponding to the highest function category shall be implemented. The standard of achieving water function and functional category is the same.
4 The standard value is 4. 1. See table 1 for the standard limits of basic items of surface water environmental quality standards. 4.2 concentration.
What are the indicators and parameters of water quality classification?
What are the main water quality indicators commonly used to characterize water pollution?
The specific measure of impurities in water is called water quality index. Various water quality indicators indicate the types and quantities of impurities in water, so as to judge whether the water quality is good or not and whether it meets the requirements. Water quality indicators are divided into three categories: physical, chemical and microbial indicators. Commonly used water quality indicators mainly include the following:
Physical indicators such as (1) water temperature, suspended matter (SS), turbidity, transparency and conductivity, and chemical indicators such as PH value, total alkalinity (acidity) and total hardness are used to describe the sensory quality of impurities in water and the general chemical properties of water, sometimes including the description of color, smell and taste.
(2) The index system of oxygen, including dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total oxygen demand, is used to measure the amount of organic pollutants in water, and can also be expressed by carbon indicators, such as total organic carbon and total carbon.
(3) Ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphate and total phosphorus. It is used to characterize the amount of plant nutrients in water and also reflect the degree of organic pollution of water. Sometimes chlorophyll a is added, which is an indicator of biomass.
(4) Metal elements and their compounds, such as mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, copper, zinc, manganese, etc. , including descriptions of their total amount and content in different states and valence states.
(5) Other harmful substances, such as volatile phenol, cyanide, oil, fluoride, sulfide, organic pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other carcinogens.
(6) Microbial indicators such as the total number of bacteria and coliform bacteria are used to judge the pollution of water bodies by pathogenic microorganisms.
(7) According to the nature of pollutants in water, special water quality indicators, such as the concentration of radioactive substances, can also be adopted.
In short, some water quality indicators are the content of one or a certain kind of impurities in water, which are directly expressed by their concentrations, such as some heavy metals, volatile phenols, etc. Some use the same characteristics to indirectly reflect the content of a certain kind of impurities, such as BOD and COD. There are also some indicators directly related to the determination method, which are often arbitrary, such as turbidity and chromaticity.
Water quality indicators can comprehensively represent the types and contents of impurities in water, and are constantly developing. How to draw up the most reasonable index needs to be gradually improved according to the development of production and environmental science.
What are the indicators and parameters of water quality classification?
What are the main water quality indicators commonly used to characterize water pollution? The specific measure of impurities in water is called water quality index.
Various water quality indicators indicate the types and quantities of impurities in water, so as to judge whether the water quality is good or not and whether it meets the requirements. Water quality indicators are divided into three categories: physical, chemical and microbial indicators.
Commonly used water quality indicators mainly include the following items: (1) water temperature, suspended matter (SS), turbidity, transparency and conductivity, and chemical indicators such as PH value, total alkalinity (acidity) and total hardness, which are used to describe the sensory quality of impurities in water and the general chemical properties of water, and sometimes include the description of color, smell and taste. (2) The index system of oxygen, including dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total oxygen demand, is used to measure the amount of organic pollutants in water, and can also be expressed by carbon indicators, such as total organic carbon and total carbon.
(3) Ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphate and total phosphorus. It is used to characterize the amount of plant nutrients in water and also reflect the degree of organic pollution of water. Sometimes chlorophyll a is added, which is an indicator of biomass.
(4) Metal elements and their compounds, such as mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, copper, zinc, manganese, etc. , including descriptions of their total amount and content in different states and valence states. (5) Other harmful substances, such as volatile phenol, cyanide, oil, fluoride, sulfide, organic pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other carcinogens.
(6) Microbial indicators such as the total number of bacteria and coliform bacteria are used to judge the pollution of water bodies by pathogenic microorganisms. (7) According to the nature of pollutants in water, special water quality indicators, such as the concentration of radioactive substances, can also be adopted.
In short, some water quality indicators are the content of one or a certain kind of impurities in water, which are directly expressed by their concentrations, such as some heavy metals, volatile phenols, etc. Some use the same characteristics to indirectly reflect the content of a certain kind of impurities, such as BOD and COD. There are also some indicators directly related to the determination method, which are often arbitrary, such as turbidity and chromaticity. Water quality indicators can comprehensively represent the types and contents of impurities in water, and are constantly developing.
How to draw up the most reasonable index needs to be gradually improved according to the development of production and environmental science.
What are the classification and recognition of water quality?
Surface water: (1) Physical and general chemical indexes: water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand (COD), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (calculated by P) (the main index of eutrophication) and total nitrogen (lakes, reservoirs, N). Toxicological indicators: copper, zinc, petroleum fluoride, selenium, arsenic, mercury (to ensure the safe consumption of aquatic organisms), cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), lead cyanide (3) Biological indicators: fecal coliform /(a/ L) Groundwater: physical and general chemical indicators: color, fragrance, turbidity of taste, total pH hardness (calculated by calcium carbonate) (mg/ L) soluble total solid chloride, volatile phenol anion synthetic detergent. Biological indicators of zinc, molybdenum, cobalt nitrate, nitrite fluoride iodide, cyanide, selenium, arsenic, mercury (to ensure the safe consumption of aquatic organisms), cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), lead, beryllium, barium, nickel, DDT and bhc: total coliform, total radioactivity: total alpha radioactivity, total beta radioactivity.
How is water quality classified? What is the standard?
1. Water quality classification: According to the provisions in the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), surface water in China is divided into five categories: Class I water quality: mainly suitable for source water and national nature reserves.
Second-class water quality: mainly suitable for centralized drinking water, first-class surface water source protection areas, habitats of rare aquatic organisms, spawning grounds for fish and shrimp, feeding grounds for larvae and juveniles, etc. Three types of water quality: mainly suitable for centralized drinking water, surface water secondary protection zones, fish and shrimp wintering and swimming passages, aquaculture areas and other fishery waters and swimming areas.
Four types of water quality: mainly suitable for general industrial water areas and entertainment water areas where human body is not in direct contact; Five types of water quality: mainly suitable for agricultural water use areas and waters with general landscape requirements. Second, the environmental quality standard of water 1, enterprise standard water is the most basic substance on which all living things on earth depend, and it is an indispensable substance for human production and life.
Different uses of water require different quality standards. There are national standards issued by the competent ministries and commissions of the State Council, local standards issued at provincial and municipal levels, industry standards issued by different industries and enterprise standards issued by large national enterprises.
2. National water resources protection and water pollution control should start from two aspects: on the one hand, formulate water environmental quality standards to ensure water quality and water use purposes; On the other hand, it is necessary to formulate wastewater discharge standards and treat industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater that must be discharged. The most basic requirement for water quality is the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) in GB3838-2002.
GB stands for national standard, 3838 stands for standard number, and 2002 stands for release year.
Urgently seek the types and causes of water pollution. Thank you.
Because human activities change the nature and organization of natural water, affect the use value of water or endanger human health, it is called water pollution. There are four types:
(1) Physiological pollution, the deterioration of smell, taste, appearance and transparency caused by pollutants discharged into natural water;
(2) physical contamination, because pollutants have changed the physical characteristics of water after entering the water body. Such as heat, radioactive substances, oil, foam and other pollution.
(3) Chemical pollution, which changes the chemical characteristics of water after pollutants are discharged into water. Such as acid and alkali salts, toxic substances, pesticides and other pollution.
(4) Biological pollution, which directly or indirectly infects various diseases due to the discharge of pathogenic microorganisms into water bodies.