Occupational hazard factors refer to factors that may cause potential harm to the physical and mental health of workers in the process of labor. These factors mainly come from the working environment, which can include physical, chemical, biological and psychological aspects.
1, physical factors
Include noise, vibration, temperature, radiation, etc. For example, high-noise environment may cause hearing damage, long-term vibration may cause bone and joint problems, extreme temperature may cause thermoregulation disorder, and radiation may cause damage to human tissues.
2. Chemical factors
Including toxic chemicals and gases, dust, particles and so on. For example, exposure to toxic chemicals may cause damage to respiratory system, skin, liver and other organs, and inhalation of dust or particulate matter may lead to pneumoconiosis.
3. Biological factors
Including microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc. For example, medical staff exposed to patients with infectious diseases may face the risk of infection, and farmers' long-term exposure to pesticides and pathogenic microorganisms may lead to health problems.
Measures to prevent occupational hazards:
1, engineering control measures
Improve the working environment or working mode, and reduce the generation and spread of dangerous sources. For example, noise reduction equipment and sound insulation materials are used to reduce the noise level, local exhaust systems are used to control the spread of chemicals, workstations and workflows are reasonably designed to reduce physical injuries, and good lighting and ventilation are provided.
2. Personal protective measures
Provide appropriate personal protective equipment, such as protective glasses, breathing apparatus, earplugs, etc. So that workers can avoid or reduce direct contact with harmful substances. At the same time, training and guidance must be provided to ensure the correct wearing and use of personal protective equipment.
3. Health monitoring and screening
Carry out regular health check-ups for workers, understand their health status and exposure risks, and find and deal with work-related health problems as soon as possible. For example, lung function examination, blood and urine analysis, occupational disease screening, etc.
4. Training and education
Provide workers with relevant occupational health training and education, so that they can understand the hazard factors, preventive measures and correct coping methods. The training contents may include safe operation procedures, methods of using personal protective equipment and emergency response.