2. Hypertonic water shortage is caused by high fever, esophageal cancer, tube feeding concentrated high protein diet and extensive use of osmotic diuretics.
3. Long-term gastrointestinal decompression will cause hypotonic water shortage.
4. The anatomical closing time of the foramen ovale valve is 5-7 months after birth.
5. Patients with severe asthma may have strange pulse.
6. Adult proteinuria means that the urine protein quantity continuously exceeds 150mg within 24 hours.
7. Resting ECG examination of patients with stable angina pectoris can show T wave inversion.
8. Some special signs of fracture and dislocation are deformity.
9. The typical feature of nervous system in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage is meningeal irritation sign.
10. The pathogenesis of functional constipation includes vitamin deficiency in food, mental stress, inactivity, abdominal tumor compression, etc.
1 1. Cervical spondylosis with vertigo as the main symptom belongs to arterial type.
12. When glomerular filtration membrane is damaged and permeability increases, proteinuria may occur.
13. The direct pathogenesis of irregular endometrial shedding is corpus luteum atrophy.
14. When patients with peptic ulcer become cancerous, the pain rhythm will change or disappear.
15. The cause of sudden syncope and convulsion in children with tetralogy of Fallot is pulmonary funnel muscle spasm.
16. The pathogen causing herpetic angina is Coxsackie virus group A. ..
17. The clinically significant weight loss is 10%.
18. The mechanism of headache caused by hypotension is pulling intracranial venous sinus.
19. Small cell hypochromic anemia is found in iron deficiency anemia.
20. Indifferent hyperthyroidism is common in the elderly.
2 1. The common pathogen of acute pyelonephritis is Escherichia coli.
22. The most easily fractured rib is the 4th-7th rib.
23. Fetal orientation refers to the relationship between the indication point of fetal presentation and the maternal pelvis.
24. In the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, the main pharmacological function of magnesium sulfate treatment is spasmolysis.
25. The change of blood pressure in the early stage of shock is that systolic blood pressure is normal and pulse pressure is small.
26. Suspected angina pectoris. In order to make a definite diagnosis, the most necessary tests are exercise load test and dynamic electrocardiogram.
27. Premature rupture of membranes refers to rupture of membranes before labor.
28. For patients with scarlet fever, medical observation lasts for 7 days.
29. Preoperative fasting 12 hours and water deprivation for 4 hours for patients undergoing elective surgery.
30. Patients with subarachnoid block and epidural block can eat 3-6 hours after operation.
3 1. Nine-point burn method: 333,567, 13,13,21,buttocks, five perineum, thirteen legs and seven feet. (head, face, neck, 3, 3, 3; Hands, forearms and upper arms, 5, 6 and 7; Front trunk, back trunk, double thighs, 13, 13, 2 1. )
32. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic epilepsy is mild anemia and massive bleeding.
33. Furuncle is easy to cause purulent cavernous sinus venous sinusitis.
34. The focus of erysipelas generally does not fester.
35. Patent ductus arteriosus has peripheral vascular sign.
36. Tetralogy of Fallot is a fixed rupture of the second heart sound of pulmonary artery.
37. Glucocorticoids can cause acute pancreatitis.
38. Veins above the dentate line return to the portal vein.
39. In the case of acute myocardial infarction, intramuscular injection of dolantin 50- 100mg is often the first choice in order to relieve pain quickly.
40. The diagnosis of shock is mainly based on clinical manifestations.
4 1. Mannitol is needed for clinical use to observe urine volume.
42. The use of ferrous sulfate will not damage platelets.
43. The typical symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia is progressive dysuria.
44. The appearance of wax-like cast in urine indicates renal failure.
45. Hemophilia patients should be most alert to intracranial hemorrhage.
46. The most helpful examination to determine whether you are pregnant is ultrasonic Doppler.
47. The mechanism of TAT in treating tetanus is to neutralize free toxins.
48. Prevent iron deficiency anemia in premature infants and supplement iron 2 months after birth.
49. The most important pathophysiological change of nephrotic syndrome is massive proteinuria.
50. Breast cancer causes "orange peel" changes in local skin because cancer cells invade lymphatic vessels.
5 1. The order of sectional curettage is to curettage the cervical canal first, and then curettage the uterine cavity.
52. Acute laryngitis dyspnea, should be timely input enough broad-spectrum antibiotics.
53. The correct treatment for amniotic fluid embolism is to relieve pulmonary hypertension and correct hypoxia.
54. Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, the course of antibiotic treatment is 10- 14 days.
55. The examination showed that the cervical erosion was serious. In order to rule out cervical cancer, the first examination should be cervical smear cytology.
56. Fetal breech position, the time to start intervention is 30 weeks of pregnancy.
57. Thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TSH) excitation test, such as TSH, shows that hyperthyroidism can be ruled out.
58. Cerebrospinal fluid examination of acute demyelinating polyneuritis is characterized by increased protein and normal cell count.
59. Patients with type II diabetes suddenly went blind after taking oral hypoglycemic drugs. The most likely cause is retinal detachment.
60. Urine cytology examination found cancer cells. In order to improve the positive rate, it is necessary to take fresh urine for three consecutive days.
6 1. Chlamydia pneumonia, erythromycin is the first choice for treatment.
62. The best screening technique for cervical cancer is vaginal and cervical cytology.
63. To diagnose cerebral thrombosis, choose CT or MRI to diagnose epilepsy, and choose EEG examination; To diagnose bleeding, choose CT.
64. The ward of heatstroke patients with high fever should keep the room temperature at 20-25℃.
65. The range of skin disinfection in the operating area should be at least 15cm around.
66. The clinical manifestation of left colon cancer is intestinal obstruction.
67. Painless bleeding occurred during defecation in patients with stage I internal hemorrhoids.
68. Acute cystitis is not suitable for cystoscopy.
69. When the fetus is in distress, pregnant women generally take the left lateral position.
70. Dysalgesia belongs to the characteristics of deep second-degree burns.
7 1. Contact isolation sign is orange.
72. The rash of Kawasaki disease is characterized by urticaria.
73. Patients undergoing hyperthyroidism surgery should be given a low-phosphorus diet when they have hand-foot convulsions.
74. There is no obvious cause of sudden death in patients with cutaneous mucosal lymph node syndrome, and the possible cause of death is myocardial infarction.
75. Patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning should continue to observe for 2 weeks after waking up.
76. The pathogen of pharyngeal commissure fever in children is adenovirus.
77. Erythema appeared in the skin of radiotherapy area, and 0.2% peppermint starch was used for external use.
78. When patients suspect ampullary carcinoma, ERCP examination is the most targeted diagnosis method.
79. Viral myocarditis gradually increases the activity after bed rest until the condition is basically stable, which is 3-4 weeks after the fever has gone down.
80. The patient suffered from rheumatic heart disease, severe mitral stenosis and sudden massive hemoptysis due to the rupture of bronchial vein.
8 1. Refractory ascites appears in liver cirrhosis, and the best treatment is concentrated ascites reinfusion.
82. children with frostbite syndrome have scleredema, if the body temperature is >; At 30℃, the temperature difference between axilla and anus is positive, and the initial temperature of rewarming is 30℃.
83. The common complications of nephrotic syndrome in children are hypoproteinemia, hypertensive encephalopathy and electrolyte disorder.
84. Emergency gastroscopy showed "esophageal variceal bleeding", and patients were most likely to have hemorrhagic shock first.
85. The action of making the sagittal seam of fetal head consistent with the anteroposterior diameter of middle pelvis is internal rotation.
86. Abdominal perineum combined with radical resection of rectal cancer (Miles operation) is suitable for patients with rectal cancer within 5cm from dentate line.
87. Abdominal resection of rectal cancer (Dixon operation) is suitable for patients with rectal cancer more than 5cm away from the dentate line.
88. The organization and technical management of emergency nurses does not include regularization.
89. If there is a foreign body in the throat, you can breathe like a cicada.
90. Newman health system model is a conceptual framework of nursing based on openness.
9 1. Urine was collected for 24 hours, and creatinine and creatine were determined. Toluene is a preservative to be added.
92. Coma patients snore and breathe, which is an abnormal sound in abnormal breathing.
93. The most important methods for psychosocial assessment of patients are conversation and observation.
94. The operating room indoor temperature should be controlled at 22-24℃.
95. The best description of system integrity is that the overall function of the system is greater than the sum of the functions of the system elements.
96. When the patient is in a shallow coma, there may be loss of voluntary movement.
97. For typhoid patients enema, liquid volume is 500ml, height is not more than 30cm.
98. The gastrointestinal dysfunction of terminally ill patients is manifested as nausea and vomiting.
99. Take magnesium sulfate orally every night for 3 days before the examination.
100. Calculation of burned area of children:
10 1. When air embolism occurs, the embolus is blocked at the entrance of pulmonary artery.
102. The common disease of flabby fever is rheumatic fever.
103. Hypoxia in patients with mountain sickness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congenital heart disease belongs to hypotonic hypoxia; Hypoxia in patients with shock, heart failure and embolism belongs to circulatory hypoxia.
104. The purpose of using ice cap on the head of patients with brain trauma is to contract capillaries and reduce congestion and bleeding.
105. When tetanus intradermal test is positive, the induration diameter should be greater than 65438±0.5cm.