First, related concepts
1. Healthy behavior: refers to the behavior people take to improve or maintain their health. It mainly includes: reducing or eliminating behaviors with health risks; Positive behavior; And medical compliance.
2. Healthy habits: a series of behaviors related to healthy behaviors, which are deeply rooted and often unconsciously manifested. Generally formed in childhood, stable at the age of eleven or twelve.
3. Lifestyle: It is the sum total of various decisions made by individuals that affect health. The most important cause of illness and the general cause of death are related to personal lifestyle, which is an important field of health research. Lifestyle can be controlled by yourself, which is of great significance for the prevention and improvement of diseases.
4. Dangerous behavior: Contrary to healthy behavior, it is harmful to current or future health. Adolescence is the prone period of risky behavior.
Second, the significance of healthy behavior
Behavior and lifestyle are closely related to most chronic non-communicable diseases, and the prevention and control of emotional diseases, accidental injuries and occupational injuries are also closely related to lifestyle. And behavior can be changed, so health psychology pays special attention to health-related behaviors.
Significance: Healthy behavior and healthy lifestyle can reduce the mortality of lifestyle-related diseases; It can delay the time of death, improve the life expectancy of individuals and the average life expectancy of people; Can delay the occurrence of complications caused by chronic diseases; Successful behavior modification can improve the health level and prevent the spread of diseases, thus reducing a lot of expenses for health and behavior.
Third, the theory of healthy behavior.
(A) the theory of educational appeal
Viewpoint: If people get the right information, they will change their health habits. Therefore, health education is an effective way for people to engage in healthy behavior.
Limitations: However, desires and preferences will affect people's judgment on the validity and usefulness of new information, and negative information may be processed by self-defense.
(B) Health belief model
Viewpoint: Whether people take preventive measures directly depends on two judgments they make: one is to assess the threat they feel to a specific health problem, and the other is to measure the benefits and obstacles of taking preventive measures. This is the most widely studied and accepted theory. Several related beliefs: belief in the severity of the disease; Susceptible to illness; Benefits of healthy behavior; Health behavior disorder.
(C) Akin's planning behavior theory
Viewpoint: Trying to link attitude and behavior, thinking that behavior is the direct result of individual behavior intention. Attitude towards a specific behavior (belief in the result of behavior), subjective standard of behavior and sense of control of behavior together form behavior intention, which ultimately leads to behavior change.
Limitations: Intention and behavior are only moderately related, and people don't always do what they plan to do, which is the limitation of this theory.
Prototype/will theory
Viewpoint: For many people, especially teenagers, healthy behavior is usually a reaction to social occasions. This theory introduces two new structures to explain the individual's healthy behavior: behavioral will (behavioral will will will be influenced by important others and strengthened through previous experiences, which is characterized by reactivity rather than deliberation and involuntarily) and social prototype (the matching of individual's self-concept and prototype will guide individuals).
(E) Social integration theory
Viewpoint: It emphasizes the important role of family in encouraging healthy behaviors and opposing high-risk behaviors. Marriage and parenthood have a positive impact on health behavior through social control mechanism. Marriage and parenthood are social relations aimed at integrating individuals into society and providing a sense of meaning, goals and social obligations. The social system provides some methods to influence people to engage in socially expected behaviors and reduce unconventional and abnormal behaviors. After individuals assimilate social norms, social mechanisms may also become the inherent requirements of individuals.
(VI) Stage theoretical model of behavior change
Viewpoint: purposeful behavior change goes through five stages: unintentional period, intentional period, preparation period, action period and maintenance period (behavior is eliminated for more than 6 months and enters maintenance period). The psychological and social characteristics of individuals in each stage are different, and effective intervention strategies should match the important characteristics of each stage to help them progress to the next stage.
(7) Process model of preventing adoption.
Viewpoint: This is an improvement on the stage theory, which explains why some people are more likely to make progress between stages of health improvement than others. It is believed that people will go through seven discontinuous stages in the process of taking preventive health behaviors: neglect, optimism and prejudice, involvement, not changing, wanting to change, practice and maintenance. Among them, 1 (unconscious), 3 (conscious without considering personal meaning) and 4 (determined not to change) are unintentional situation decomposition in stage theory.
The above is the sharing of "202 1 Psychological Testing Center for Psychological Counselors: Behavior and Health". I hope it will be helpful to all candidates. I want to know more about the examination for psychological counselors, such as the employment direction of psychological counselors and their prospects. Welcome to pay attention to this platform in time!