Adolescence is the transition period from children to adults. Usually, people clearly distinguish between adolescence and childhood, and the dividing line is sexual maturity. For men, the sign of sexual maturity is nocturnal emission (usually nocturnal emission); Women menstruate, that is, for the first time. The physiological development centered on sexual maturity makes teenagers have obviously different social and psychological characteristics from children.
Accidents caused by psychological barriers are common among adolescent students, such as robbery, falling in love, gang fighting, suicide, cutting one's body, beating a teacher who is not rated as advanced, and so on. Parents generally think that students are difficult to manage, while teachers think that students are difficult to teach, and each has its own troubles and worries. Entering students' lives, we find that their problems are various, which are outstanding problems for adolescent middle school students. How to do a good job in adolescent mental health education, help students solve problems, smooth their psychological sadness, prevent physical and mental diseases, and promote the healthy growth of students is very important.
How to carry out psychological intervention and counseling on teenagers' learning;
First, teachers should understand the characteristics of students' psychological activities and psychological changes.
The psychological activities of primary and middle school students are developing from simple and concrete to complex and generalized; From unintentional to intentional development; From commonness to differentiation; From disorder and changeability to stable development of the system. The psychology of primary and secondary school students is in a state of immaturity to maturity and imperfection to perfection? Development? In this process, this development is the most solid foundation for us to firmly believe in the educational plasticity of primary and secondary school students. For students, intelligence and? Clumsy? , are temporary; Good at what? Not good? , is also relative.
Students' psychological changes in adolescence are manifested in two aspects: first, due to neuroregulation and hormonal regulation, their bodies grow rapidly, their metabolism is vigorous, they are restless, emotional and impulsive, and their self-awareness development and strong self-esteem make them unwilling to give up and always want to show themselves; On the other hand, I began to be interested in sexual knowledge, and I had a vague sense of gender relations, but I was not very clear. I have a good impression on the opposite sex and my sexual consciousness has sprouted. Because teenagers' bodies mature earlier than their minds, they often have confused or unhealthy ideas on some issues. Without proper guidance, they may be poisoned by improper ways to explore gender knowledge.
Second, carry out the necessary sex education.
Adolescence is a physiological growth with sexual maturity as the main content, which has a great influence on the psychological and social aspects of teenagers and has formed several important characteristics of this period. Therefore, it is very necessary to educate adolescent students about sexual knowledge.
Third, cultivate students' feelings of love and correctly understand and distinguish friendship and love.
Puppy love is a very common problem among adolescent students. How to correctly guide adolescent students' puppy love is the main content of adolescent mental health education.
Fourth, cultivate students' psychological endurance and adaptability.
Adolescent students' psychological development is not complete, and their resistance to setbacks is not as good as that of adults, so how to guide adolescent students to adjust setbacks is also the most important topic of mental health.
There are many physiological and psychological changes in adolescence, such as mood swings, love for the opposite sex, and interest transfer. The mental health of teenagers is mainly reflected in the following seven aspects:
1. Identity
Everyone is similar. When you hear the moon, it's normal to think of the sun or stars. But when it comes to death, it's hard to understand. If this happens frequently, we should pay attention to whether his mental state is normal. If a person's ideas, manners, hobbies, clothes, etc. They are all too different from others, so his psychology may not be healthy enough.
2. Activities
Human behavior changes with the development of body and mind. People of different ages have different ideas, interests and behaviors. Adolescence should be energetic and positive. However, from the perspective of mental health, young and mature students are actually unhealthy.
3. Sociality
Everyone lives in society and is a member of it. One can't exist alone without society. Puberty, social scope expanded. In communication, we should learn from each other's strengths, cultivate the spirit of mutual assistance and cooperation, enrich the group life experience and exercise the ability to adapt to others.
Step 4 be optimistic
A happy mood indicates mental health. An optimistic person is aggressive in everything and is not afraid of any difficulties. Even if you encounter unfortunate things, you can quickly re-adapt and not be depressed for a long time. On the contrary, people who are sentimental and often depressed are psychologically unhealthy. Moreover, the lower the mood, the heavier the degree of mental unhealthy.
Step 5 react
Everyone reacts to things at different speeds and degrees. But the difference won't be too big. If he overreacts, it means that he is mentally unhealthy. It is normal for students to be unhappy for a period of time because of their failure in the exam; But if he doesn't eat for a few days, or even has suicidal thoughts, then he may be mentally unhealthy. Of course, students who are indifferent to exam failure may not be psychologically healthy.
Be realistic
Only people with mental health can face the reality. When encountering difficulties, they always have the courage to admit the reality, find out the problems and try to solve them. On the contrary, people who are mentally unhealthy often adopt escapist methods because they can't adapt to the environment. These can't solve practical problems, but can only achieve the effect of self-deception, which will develop into a pathological condition over time.
7. Logic
No matter what you do, mentally healthy people are step by step, methodical, conscientious, and have the determination and perseverance to overcome difficulties, rather than half-hearted and endless. They think logically and speak clearly, instead of rambling and forgetting what they said.