Environmental landscape plays an important role in residential areas. Urban people spend half or even two-thirds of their time in residential areas, and the quality of environmental landscape in residential areas directly affects people's psychological, physical and spiritual life. Creative design can endow space with certain characteristics and leave a deep impression on people's walkways, squares, rest and sightseeing spaces. The landscape planning and design of residential area integrates ecology, architecture and other disciplines. It is not simply the pursuit of beauty, but also practical. To do a good job in garden design, we need to keep learning, break through thinking and innovate design on the basis of inheriting tradition.
Designers' responsibilities and obligations: when design is for life, for the experience of inner people, when designers become inner people and integrate into local people's lives, when the design objects have functions and meanings, we can return to the place of humanity and find the place of that story. To this end, designers should:
Understanding human nature: what do people need as natural people and social people? People need to communicate and are afraid of loneliness. People need to exercise and sit down to rest; People can't live without water, and people love to play with fire; People love to pick and catch; People need shelter from the wind and rain, and they need to look at others without being seen by others; He needs territory and space of appropriate scale; People need a sense of security, and people need challenges; People like to walk on smooth roads, but sometimes they like to wade, step, cross obstacles and cross bridges. At the same time, people should communicate, fall in love, be concerned and like to pay attention to others. Therefore, places that need to be designed can give full play to human nature.
Reading the earth: the wind, water, rain and snow in nature, the process of plant reproduction and animal movement, the process of disaster spread, etc. They are all carved on the earth, so the earth will tell you where there can be trees and water. The earth also tells you what patterns and forms are safe and healthy, so they are auspicious, and what patterns are dangerous and horrible, so they are fierce. At the same time, the landscape of the earth is a humanistic book: footprints and roads on the earth, doors and bridges, walls and fences, buildings and cities, as well as art and science and names on the earth, all tell the love and cruelty between people, between people and nature, and the past, present and even future of mankind. Therefore, reading the earth is to know nature, and more importantly, to know people themselves.
Experience life: experience the lifestyle and habits of local people and their values. If you don't sit under the riverside forest in Dujiangyan for a day, you don't understand why Chengdu is considered as the most leisurely city in China. If you don't take a taxi on the streets of Beijing, you won't understand what Beijing is doing. Political center? The meaning of; Don't know if you don't walk on the streets of Wenzhou? Everyone is doing business? The meaning of; If you haven't experienced helplessness on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, you can't understand why people here have become voters of Sakyamuni. Only by understanding the life of the local people can there be a public space design that conforms to the life of the local people.
Listen to stories: Stories originate from local people's life and local history, so listen to future local users telling stories about the land under your feet, and at the same time dig deep to understand the natural and human history of this place, in the form of objects or words. From this, we can understand the local spirit: an internal force from local natural process and humanistic process is the driving force and reason behind the design form, and it is also the essential attribute of the place to be expressed and embodied in design. This design belongs to the local people, their lives, and of course to the local natural and historical process.
Present situation of garden landscape in residential area;
The history of landscape development in China is several thousand years, and it has only been adapted to modern landscape research for more than forty years. So many people have a superficial understanding of landscape architecture. They think that gardens are nothing more than planting flowers and grass, digging lakes and mountains, and managing stones and water. After the reform and opening up, many people have the opportunity to go abroad and see the geometrically symmetrical gardens in Europe, and the open lawns are spectacular. Then there is the European wind and the lawn wind. With the rise of real estate, Chinese garden style and European style have been blown into residential quarters. They don't consider humanized space and functional space, that is, they only pay attention to form and not function. Do not understand the style and characteristics of oriental gardens, and the objects served by classical gardens and modern gardens.
Planning and design principles:
The landscape design of residential area includes the research and utilization of the natural conditions of the base, the treatment and display of the spatial relationship, and the integration and coordination with the overall style of residential area. Including road layout, waterscape organization, pavement paving, lighting design, sketch design, public facilities treatment and so on, these aspects have both functional significance and visual and psychological feelings. In landscape design, we should pay attention to the combination of integrity, practicality, artistry and interest. Therefore, in the planning and design of residential areas, we should try our best to do the following:
People-oriented and humanistic characteristics
The purpose of residential community construction is to provide residents with shelter, space environment and places for leisure, entertainment, communication and other activities, and adhere to the people-oriented principle, that is, to create residential communities full of life flavor, to make the scenery serve people, to make comprehensive planning, and to meet the different requirements of residents of different ages and different cultural levels.
Combined with the characteristics of residential areas, adjust measures to local conditions
In the design, the traffic and humanistic care of the community (pedestrian entrance, parking lot, leisure sports area and back garden) are fully considered, and the original topography and plant structure of the community are used to effectively reduce unnecessary capital investment, reduce construction cost, accurately grasp the characteristics of the site, and guide the situation. At the same time, we advocate taking? Native tree species? The main garden plants can not only adapt to the local climate conditions, but also save unnecessary capital investment. In addition, in landscape design, we should also do relevant market research, understand residents' opinions and demands on residential quarters, fully consider living habits, and fully integrate living habits into the design concept.
According to the time and climate characteristics
The climate characteristics of each place are different, and the climate that plants adapt to is different, so it is particularly important to design according to the local climate and environmental conditions, especially in areas with weak economic and technological conditions. Never blindly quote Nordic customs and Hainan scenery.
Focus on innovation
Garden planning in residential areas, like other planning and design, needs constant innovation in order to have its own characteristics and ideas and better reflect the multi-level and multi-directional harmony between man and nature. Innovation is a hard creative labor, which requires not only extensive knowledge, but also flexible application. In the planning conception, strive for natural harmony and embody the theme style and characteristics. At the same time, it should contain a strong cultural atmosphere. Landscape creation is closely related to culture, people's feelings and customs. Cultural landscape architecture? The scientific connotation of. In the application of materials, new environmental protection garden landscape materials are selected.
Saving and utilizing local resources
Suitable land and trees are the basic principles of plant selection in plant landscaping, one of the measures to maintain biodiversity, and one of the elements to reflect local characteristics. Blind introduction not only leads to low survival rate of plants, wastes funds, but also destroys ecological balance. The introduction of Australian rabbits is a painful lesson. Abundant native plant resources, strong adaptability, easy reproduction and extensive management are conducive to enriching garden plant species, highlighting local characteristics and maintaining long-term ecological stability. At present, tree resources is very rich in Chinese gardens. There are as many as 8,000 species of woody shrubs in China, including about 2,500 species of trees. At the same time, there are many specialty tree species in China, such as Ginkgo biloba, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Metasequoia glyptostroboides. They play an important role in the world urban landscaping. At present, the number of tree species used in urban gardens and green spaces in China is very limited. Generally, there are only 200 ~ 400 species in big cities, while there are about 100 species in small and medium-sized cities. This figure is out of proportion to China's rich tree resources. We should plant and domesticate all kinds of green trees to beautify the city.
The New Trend of Landscape Design in Residential Areas
In recent years, the concept of real estate management has changed, and concept real estate has begun to appear. Real estate marketing has shifted from simply selling real estate to paying more attention to the environment and culture and advocating a new lifestyle in the community. Looking at the changing situation of the property market, it is found that landscape is an eternal theme. Compared with tradition, there are some new trends in the environmental landscape of modern residential areas:
Emphasize the enjoyment of environmental landscape. This is the characteristic of residential commercialization, so every house should get a good landscape environment effect. First of all, we should emphasize the good enjoyment of environmental resources in residential areas, and create artificial landscapes by using the existing natural environment as much as possible in planning, so that all households can enjoy these beautiful environments in a balanced way; Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the courtyard space with strong enclosing function, different forms, rich environmental elements, safety and tranquility, and achieve good results in the field of ownership, thus creating a warm, simple and peaceful home environment. Emphasize the cultural nature of environmental landscape. Advocating history and culture is a major feature of residential landscape design in recent years. Developers and designers began to no longer separate residential buildings from environmental landscape mechanically, but began to plan and plan residential areas under the cultural background, expressing the continuity of history and culture through architecture and environmental art, and emphasizing the artistry of environmental landscape. Before the 1990s, European? When it affected the design and construction of residential areas, European-style environmental landscape was once popular.
After the 1990s, the environmental landscape of residential areas began to pay attention to people's rising aesthetic needs, showing a diversified development trend, advocating simple and lively landscape design style. At the same time, the environmental landscape pays more attention to the comfort of residents' lives, which is not only appreciated but also used by people. Creating natural, comfortable, close and pleasant landscape space is another trend of residential landscape design.
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