Cleft lip and palate include: cleft lip: divided into unilateral cleft lip and bilateral cleft lip. Unilateral cleft lip involves one side, and bilateral cleft lip involves both sides. Severity is divided into: cleft lip involves red lip; Secondary cleft lip involves white lip; The third cleft lip involves the nasal floor; Cleft palate: Cleft palate involves soft palate; The second cleft palate involves the hard palate, before the front teeth; The third cleft palate involves the anterior incisor bone up to the alveolar bone.
Cleft lip and palate is a polygenic genetic disease. It is a hereditary disease accumulated by many pathological genes. Its incidence tends to family gathering, that is, the incidence of relatives of patients is higher than that of the population. The distance of kinship is also related to the onset. With the decrease of the level of relatives, the incidence of relatives of patients decreased significantly. The incidence of relatives is related to the number of patients in the family and the degree of illness. The more family cases, the more serious the lesions, and the higher the incidence of relatives. The more serious the illness, the higher the recurrence rate of relatives.
Some diseases suffered by women during pregnancy are the main causes of congenital cleft lip and palate. Especially pregnant women get sick during pregnancy, especially during the seventh week of embryo formation 12 weeks, suffering from rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, Toxoplasma gondii virus infection and viral influenza. So this period is the formation period of fetal jaw. At this time, the mother's disease may lead to fetal palatal development defects. Severe vomiting and partial eclipse during pregnancy will affect nutrient intake, lead to the lack of vitamins and trace elements, and then affect the development of the fetus.
The side effects of various drugs are an important factor leading to fetal malformation. Taking antiepileptic drugs, sedatives, anti-malignant tumor drugs, adrenocortical hormones and anticonvulsants during pregnancy can lead to congenital cleft lip and palate. Smoking, drinking or taking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy can also cause harmless harm to some fetuses. In the early pregnancy, close contact with pesticides, toxic substances, radiation and other chemicals can easily cause congenital cleft lip and palate.